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Measuring Restoration Measuring Restoration Success at Installations in the Success at Installations in the Chesapeake Bay WatershedChesapeake Bay Watershed
Leslie Leslie OrzettiOrzetti
Bob MurphyBob Murphy
Ecosystem Solutions, Inc.Ecosystem Solutions, Inc.
Why measure success?Why measure success?
•• Important component of any Important component of any restoration monitoring programrestoration monitoring program
•• Assess the functionality of your Assess the functionality of your restoration projectrestoration project
•• Provides cost benefit analysisProvides cost benefit analysis
==
How measuring success can help How measuring success can help you..you..
•• Justify funds for further restoration Justify funds for further restoration programsprograms
•• Demonstrate commitment to Demonstrate commitment to Chesapeake Chesapeake 20002000 goalsgoals
•• Meet regulatory requirementsMeet regulatory requirements
•• Provide important data for variety of state Provide important data for variety of state and federal laws and statutes:and federal laws and statutes:–– Clean Water ActClean Water Act–– Endangered Species ActEndangered Species Act–– Coastal Zone Management ActCoastal Zone Management Act–– Executive Order 11988, Floodplain ManagementExecutive Order 11988, Floodplain Management–– Executive Order 11990, Protection of WetlandsExecutive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands–– National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969
•• Alert installation commanders of natural Alert installation commanders of natural resource success on their installationresource success on their installation
How measuring success can help How measuring success can help you..you..
How to measure successHow to measure success
•• Data collection of specific parameters that Data collection of specific parameters that indicate a indicate a ““changechange”” or or ““responseresponse”” in the in the systemsystem–– Calculate metrics based on collected dataCalculate metrics based on collected data
•• Track changes in parameters and metrics Track changes in parameters and metrics over timeover time
•• Statistically or graphically compare data Statistically or graphically compare data collected before and/or after your restoration collected before and/or after your restoration projectproject
Current ProjectsCurrent Projects
•• Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration•• Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
Restoration Restoration •• Shoreline modificationShoreline modification
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration
•• DoDDoD Legacy funded projectLegacy funded project–– ““An Analysis of Forest Riparian Buffer An Analysis of Forest Riparian Buffer
Zones on Military Installations in the Zones on Military Installations in the Chesapeake Bay WatershedChesapeake Bay Watershed””
–– 2006/20072006/2007•• Goal:Goal:
–– Assess the effectiveness of restored forest Assess the effectiveness of restored forest riparian zone buffers on military riparian zone buffers on military installationsinstallations
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration
•• Why is measuring riparian buffer Why is measuring riparian buffer success important?success important?–– Help managers know the extent to which Help managers know the extent to which
buffers are performing desired functionsbuffers are performing desired functions–– Help managers know the time required for Help managers know the time required for
the return of biological integritythe return of biological integrity–– Overall, help managers justify the need for Overall, help managers justify the need for
and success of restoration activities on and success of restoration activities on their installationstheir installations
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration
•• Why is measuring riparian buffer Why is measuring riparian buffer success important?success important?–– Help identify watersheds in need of Help identify watersheds in need of
TMDLTMDL’’ss and secure funding to mitigate and secure funding to mitigate TMDLTMDL’’ss..
–– Ensure habitat requirements for Ensure habitat requirements for endangered species within aquatic and endangered species within aquatic and riparian areasriparian areas
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer RestorationAPPROACHAPPROACH•• Used database from AEC to locate restored Used database from AEC to locate restored
areasareas•• Sites were located from Carlisle Barracks in Sites were located from Carlisle Barracks in
PA to Sugar Grove in WVA to Norfolk Naval PA to Sugar Grove in WVA to Norfolk Naval Base in VABase in VA
•• Visited 30 different sitesVisited 30 different sites–– 22 sites were deemed 22 sites were deemed ““sampleablesampleable””–– 8 sites were either 8 sites were either ““missingmissing”” or or ““unsampleableunsampleable””
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration
•• Data CollectedData Collected–– Water quality: temperature, oxygen, Water quality: temperature, oxygen,
salinity/conductivity, nutrients, solidssalinity/conductivity, nutrients, solids–– Benthic MacroinvertebratesBenthic Macroinvertebrates–– Habitat AssessmentHabitat Assessment
•• Amount of data collected:Amount of data collected:–– Water quality: 22 sitesWater quality: 22 sites–– Habitat Assessment: 20 sitesHabitat Assessment: 20 sites–– Benthic Macroinvertebrates: 18 sitesBenthic Macroinvertebrates: 18 sites
Trend shows improving ammonia Trend shows improving ammonia concentrations with age of bufferconcentrations with age of buffer
Water Quality: Graphic shows Water Quality: Graphic shows grouping of sites based on grouping of sites based on physiographic regionphysiographic region
Water Quality ResultsWater Quality Results
Trend shows improving stonefly Trend shows improving stonefly community over time. Stoneflies are community over time. Stoneflies are not tolerant of pollution, therefore, not tolerant of pollution, therefore, this indicates improving water quality.this indicates improving water quality.
Trend shows less dominance of 1 Trend shows less dominance of 1 organism over time. A more diverse organism over time. A more diverse community is indicative of improving community is indicative of improving water quality.water quality.
Benthic Invertebrate ResultsResults
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Buffer age (years)
50
100
150
200
Hab
itat s
core
Results show improving habitat scores with Results show improving habitat scores with age of buffer. Improved habitat scores will age of buffer. Improved habitat scores will support a more diverse benthic community. support a more diverse benthic community. From Orzetti 2004. From Orzetti 2004.
Habitat ResultsHabitat Results
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration•• Conclusions:Conclusions:
–– Some sites are performing wellSome sites are performing well•• E.g.: Fort E.g.: Fort DetrickDetrick, Fort Meade, NWS Yorktown, , Fort Meade, NWS Yorktown,
Carlisle Barracks, NWSC Carlisle Barracks, NWSC CarderockCarderock–– Others are in need of further restoration or Others are in need of further restoration or
site managementsite management•• E.g.: St. E.g.: St. JulienJulien’’ss Creek Annex, NWSC Creek Annex, NWSC
CarderockCarderock–– Some no longer exist or need extensive Some no longer exist or need extensive
reworking:reworking:•• E.g.: NWSC E.g.: NWSC CarderockCarderock, Langley AFB, NMC , Langley AFB, NMC
Portsmouth Portsmouth
Riparian Buffer RestorationRiparian Buffer Restoration
•• Recommendations:Recommendations:–– Ensure proper site selection and planting Ensure proper site selection and planting
programs.programs.–– Keep good and consistent records.Keep good and consistent records.–– Institute a monitoring program.Institute a monitoring program.–– Ensure proper maintenance of sites.Ensure proper maintenance of sites.–– Provide working definition of riparian forest Provide working definition of riparian forest
buffer zonebuffer zone
SAV Restoration & MonitoringSAV Restoration & Monitoring•• Project TitleProject Title: : ““Continued Development and Continued Development and
Coordination of Coordination of DoDDoD Installation Submerged Installation Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Programs in the Aquatic Vegetation Programs in the Chesapeake BayChesapeake Bay””–– Funding: Legacy ProgramFunding: Legacy Program–– Partners: CRC, AECPartners: CRC, AEC
•• Goal: To evaluate longGoal: To evaluate long--term status of term status of DoDDoD--sponsored SAV restoration in the sponsored SAV restoration in the Chesapeake Bay watershedChesapeake Bay watershed
SAV Restoration & MonitoringSAV Restoration & Monitoring
•• Why is measuring SAV restoration success Why is measuring SAV restoration success important?important?–– Without knowledge of success/failure, we Without knowledge of success/failure, we
cannot improve restoration methodologiescannot improve restoration methodologies–– Help managers justify the need for and Help managers justify the need for and
success of restoration activities on their success of restoration activities on their installationsinstallations
–– Encourage installations to implement water Encourage installations to implement water quality monitoring programsquality monitoring programs
–– Show commitment to Show commitment to Chesapeake 2000 Chesapeake 2000 AgreementAgreement
SAV Restoration & MonitoringSAV Restoration & Monitoring•• Project and site descriptionsProject and site descriptions
Army Navy Air Force
Ft. Eustis (2) NSWC Indian Head (1)
Langley AFB (2-4)
Ft. Monroe (2) NSWC Dahlgren (1)
Aberdeen Proving Ground (2-4)
NAS Patuxent River; Solomons Annex (1)NAS Patuxent River; Webster Field (2)US Naval Academy (3)NAB Little Creek (3)
SAV Restoration & MonitoringSAV Restoration & Monitoring
•• Data collectionsData collections--–– Water quality Water quality
(temperature, (temperature, oxygen, salinity)oxygen, salinity)
–– Stem counts at 8 Stem counts at 8 randomly picked 1 mrandomly picked 1 m22
square plots to square plots to estimate densityestimate density
SAV Restoration & MonitoringSAV Restoration & Monitoring•• ResultsResults
–– All but two installations have been visitedAll but two installations have been visited–– Most restorations have failedMost restorations have failed
•• Likely due to water quality issuesLikely due to water quality issues–– Success at :Success at :
•• Little Creek and APG Little Creek and APG suggests largesuggests large--scale scale restorations thererestorations there
SAV Restoration & MonitoringSAV Restoration & Monitoring
•• Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions and Recommendations–– Implement Water Quality Monitoring Implement Water Quality Monitoring
•• Benefits Benefits -- restoration targeting, TMDL, etc.restoration targeting, TMDL, etc.
–– Deploy test plots at appropriate locationsDeploy test plots at appropriate locations
–– Continue work with regional installations Continue work with regional installations to encourage restoration where potential to encourage restoration where potential for success is highfor success is high
Impacts of Shoreline ModificationImpacts of Shoreline Modification
•• Project Title: Project Title: ““Biological Assessment in Biological Assessment in a a NearshoreNearshore Aquatic Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem Associated with Shoreline Associated with Shoreline ConstructionConstruction””–– Funding: NAVFACFunding: NAVFAC
•• Goal: To assess the Goal: To assess the nearshorenearshore fish fish community in response to shoreline community in response to shoreline modificationmodification
Impacts of Shoreline ModificationImpacts of Shoreline Modification•• Why is measuring the impacts of Why is measuring the impacts of
shoreline modification important?shoreline modification important?–– Help determine the positive and negative Help determine the positive and negative
impacts of your project.impacts of your project.–– If a restoration project, help managers If a restoration project, help managers
know if restoration is performing desired know if restoration is performing desired functions.functions.
–– Ensure proper habitat availability for both Ensure proper habitat availability for both aquatic and terrestrial species affected by aquatic and terrestrial species affected by modification.modification.
–– Alert base commanders of success of Alert base commanders of success of projects, and help justify more funding.projects, and help justify more funding.
Impacts of Shoreline ModificationImpacts of Shoreline Modification
•• NSWC Indian HeadNSWC Indian Head–– 6 sites along project length6 sites along project length
•• 4 impact sites4 impact sites•• 2 control sites2 control sites
•• Data CollectedData Collected–– Based on BACI designBased on BACI design–– Water quality Water quality –– Seine fish samplesSeine fish samples–– Trawl fish samplesTrawl fish samples
Impacts of Shoreline ModificationImpacts of Shoreline Modification
•• Results to dateResults to date–– First year of data First year of data
describing describing ichthyofaunaichthyofauna
•• Collected over 2044 Collected over 2044 organisms, 25 speciesorganisms, 25 species
Species Total
White Perch 562
Spottail shiner 343
Banded killifish 179
Eastern silvery minnow 99
Striped bass 83
American shad 62
Alewife 53
Blue catfish 42
Bay anchovy 41
Golden shiner 29
Bluegill 26
Pumpkinseed 26
Tesselated Darter 21
Gizzard shad 14
Largemouth bass 9
Yellow perch 7
Inland silverside 4
Atlantic needlefish 4
Blueback herring 2
Channel catfish 2
Brown bullhead 2
Blue crab 2
Hogchoker 2
Atlantic menhaden 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
SPRING EARLY SUMMER LATE SUMMER FALL
Season
H'
SEINETRAWL
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
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SPRING EARLY SUMMER LATE SUMMER FALL
Season
Cat
ch p
er U
nit E
ffort
(No.
fish
hau
l -1)
SEINETRAWLMean diversity of catch by season Mean diversity of catch by season
as measured by the Shannon as measured by the Shannon index, Hindex, H’’..
CPUE across seasons. CPUE is CPUE across seasons. CPUE is mean number of fish caught per mean number of fish caught per sample (seine and trawl).sample (seine and trawl).
Impacts of Shoreline ModificationImpacts of Shoreline Modification• Conclusions:
–– Relatively high abundance of the blue catfishRelatively high abundance of the blue catfish–– Dominant species offshore is white perchDominant species offshore is white perch–– Dominant species Dominant species nearshorenearshore is is spottailspottail shinershiner–– Dataset is similar in structure to others in this Dataset is similar in structure to others in this
region region –– Data will be compared to post construction Data will be compared to post construction
collections to determine the impact of the collections to determine the impact of the projectproject
Impacts of Shoreline ModificationImpacts of Shoreline Modification
•• Future directions:Future directions:–– Researchers can use this type of design to Researchers can use this type of design to
determine impacts of a variety of shoreline determine impacts of a variety of shoreline restoration projectsrestoration projects
–– Currently have Currently have DoDDoD Legacy proposal Legacy proposal submittedsubmitted
•• Langley AFB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, NAS Langley AFB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, NAS Patuxent RiverPatuxent River
ConclusionsConclusions
•• Important to collect data for:Important to collect data for:–– Regulatory information Regulatory information –– Return on investmentReturn on investment–– Ensure restoration successEnsure restoration success–– Determine negative impacts of Determine negative impacts of
modificationmodification–– Justify additional fundingJustify additional funding
Contact InformationContact Information
•• Robert MurphyRobert Murphy–– Murphy@ecosystemsolutions.orgMurphy@ecosystemsolutions.org
•• Leslie OrzettiLeslie Orzetti–– Orzetti@ecosystemsolutions.orgOrzetti@ecosystemsolutions.org
•• Website:Website:–– http://http://www.ecosystemsolutions.orgwww.ecosystemsolutions.org