MEL345 I.C. ENGINES

Course Instructor : Prof. J.P. Subrahmanyam

II-154 - Next to I.C. Engines Laboratory

jp_sub@yahoo.comjpsm@mech.iitd.ernet.in

Course Coordinator : Prof. M.R. RaviII 257; ravimr@iitd.ac.in

I.C.ENGINES!

DO WE REALLY NEED ‘EM?

I have always considered that the substitution of the Internal Combustion Engine for the horse marked a very gloomy milestone in the progress of mankind.

-Winston Churchill

If all the perverted ingenuity which was put into making automobiles had only gone into improving

the breed of horses, we might be a lot better off today.

-Joe Gould

ENGINES!BOON OR BANE?

l Greatest invention since the wheel?l Made transportation easy!l Made life easy! OR DID IT?l Increased pollutionl Increased fossil fuel consumptionl Increased congestion on roads

BUT………..

l WHETHER WE LIKE IT OR NOT….CAN WE DO WITHOUT IT?

l DO WE HAVE VIABLE ALTERNATIVES?

THINK………l AS OF TODAY WE HAVE NO ANSWERl MAY BE FOR AT LEAST 20 YEARS MORE!

l SO WE ARE STUCK WITH IT………!

SO WE STUDY IT………….!And so on to the course:

I. INTRODUCTION:

1. BASIC DEFINITIONS2. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGINE3. DEFINITIONS OF VARIOUS TERMS

USED IN ENGINES4. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES –

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENGINES

INTRODUCTION

I. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES: a. Based on applications:b. Basic Engine Design: c. Operating Cycle:d. Working Cycles (Strokes): e. Valve/Port Design: f. Fuel used: Conventional Fuels –– Alternate fuels g. Mixture Preparation:h. Method of Ignition: i. Type of Charge: Homogenous and Stratified j. Combustion Chamber Design k. Load Control: l. Cooling:

II THERMODYNAMICS OF CYCLES

1.Air Standard Cycles2.Fuel Air cycles-comparing with (1)3. Real Cycles comparing with (2)4. Variable Specific Heat Calculations5. The Air Standard Engine6. Computer Simulation

III. FUELS

1. PROPERTIES OF FUELS AND THEIR MEASUREMENT

2. REQUIREMENTS OF FUELS FOR THE PETROL ENGINE

3. REQUIREMENTS OF FUELS FOR THE DIESEL ENGINE

4. CONVENTIONAL FUELS FOR THE PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES

NECESSITY FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS, REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS

5. ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR THE PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES

IV. INTAKE SYSTEM

INTAKE AND EXHAUST PROCESSES IN A FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE

GAS EXCHANGE

VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY

V.FUEL METERING IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

l MIXTURE REQUIREMENTS

l PRINCIPLE OF CARBURETION (brief concepts)

l FUEL INJECTION (The real stuff!)

VI. COMBUSTION IN THE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

l THE BASIC COMBUSTION PROCESSl IGNITIONl FLAME PROPAGATIONl ABNORMAL COMBUSTIONl INCYLINDER MOTION

VII. SI COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN

1. DESIGN OBJECTIVES2. DESIGN OPTIONS FOR CYLINDER

HEAD AND PISTON CROWN3. SPARK PLUG LOCATION4. SIZE OF VALVES AND NUMBER OF

VALVES PER CYLINDER5. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES

VIII. COMBUSTION IN THE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

THE BASIC COMBUSTION PROCESS(a) Delay(b) Rapid Pressure Rise(c) Controlled Pressure Rise(d) After burning

FUEL INJECTION

IN-CYLINDER MOTION

IX. CI COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN

1. DIRECT INJECTION SYSTEMS2. INDIRECT INJECTION SYSTEMS3. COMPARISON BETWEEN SYSTEMS4. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES5. MARINE ENGINES

X. ENGINE EMISSIONS - FORMATION AND CONTROL

1. NATURE AND SOURCES OF ENGINE EMISSIONS

2. MECHANISM OF POLLUTANT FORMATION IN ENGINES

3. EMISSION CONTROL STRATEGIES4. INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING

EXHAUST EMISSIONS

XI. ENGINE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

1. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES2. PERFORMANCE FACTORS AND

RATINGS3. TYPES OF PERFORMANCE TESTS4. PERFORMANCE

CHARACTERISTICS OF SI ENGINES6. PERFORMANCE

CHARACTERISTICS OF CI ENGINES7. HEAT BALANCE

Marks Break-upl Minors 30%l Major 30%l Practicals 10% (5% for presentations

and 5% for report)l Quizzes 10%l Assignments 10%l Term Paper 10% (5% for presentations

and 5% for report)l

l Attendance Policy: Min. 75% (Lectures+tut/lab)● Attendance 51% to 75%: one grade lower; ● Att < 50%: two grades lower. ● Marks <30% & Att < 75%: F

SOME RECOMMENDED BOOKSl GANESAN, V. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, Third Edition,

Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2009.

l OBERT, E.F. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND AIR POLLUTION, Intext Educational Publishers, New York, 1973.

l MATHUR, R.P. AND SHARMA, M.L. A COURSE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, 8th edition, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi, 1996.

l HEYWOOD, J.B. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1988.

l DOMKUNDWAR, V.M. A COURSE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, First edition, Dhanpat Rai and Co. (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.

l COLIN R. FERGUSON AND ALLAN T. KIRKPATRICK. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES – APPLIED THERMOSCIENCES, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2001.

Continuedl RAJPUT, R.K., INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, Laxmi

Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.

l MOHANTY, R.K., A TEXT BOOK OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, Standard Book House, New Delhi, 2007.

l GUPTA, H.N., FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGINES, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.

l LUMLEY, JOHN L., ENGINES: AN INTRODUCTION, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1999.

l GILL, P.W., SMITH, JR., J.H., and ZIURYS, E.J., FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGINES, 4th Ed., Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1959.

l AGARAWAL, SHYAM K., INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2000.

l PULKRABEK, W.W., ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.

Assignment-1

Answer the following:Write not more than half a page for each:

1. What in your opinion is the relevance of IC Engines in today’s world?

2. Why are you taking this course?

Due: 9.1.13. E-mail to: ravimr@iitd.ac.in