Post on 04-Sep-2015
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MESOPOTAMIA( Iraq, today)-Cradle of Civilization -Land between two rivers- Tigres-Euphrates river system- it was in western Asia, the area around Iraq, were the first developed civilization appearedWhy do Cave man have no cavities?Bronze Age of Mesopotamia4 Important Civilization in the world a. Sumer1. Mesopotamia Tigres-Euphb. Akkadian 2. Egypt - Nile River (Gift of the Nile)c. Babylonia 3. India -Indus Valley d. Assyria 4. China -Yellow River
Iron Age was controlleda. Neo-Babyloniab. Neo-AssyriaDominated MesopotamiaImportant Leadersa. SumerianKing Urb. AkkadianSargonc. AssyrianAshuruballi and Tiglah-Pileserd. BabylonianHammurabie. Persia King Cyrus
The Iron Age, it was controlled by the Neo- Assyrian and Neo- Babylonian Empires. The Babylonia fell of Babylon in 539 BC to Alexander, the Great in 332 BC and after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire
4 Important cities of MesopotamiaMajor Territorial States1. Uruk1. Eridu2. Nippur2. Akkadian Kingdom3. Nineveh3. Third Dynasty of Ur4. Assur4. Various Assyrian EmpireWhy Mesopotapia Perish?1. Calamities2. Flood3. Wild animals4. Invasion
A. History starts in Sumer It was the first and most important civilization in Mesopotamia The crucial elements the sets the Sumer apart from their nomadic neighbors was the practice of irrigation and farming Soon villages sprang up, with larger scale, planned irrigation projects Made great amount of surplus food They traded with items that they do not have such as copper, jewelry and weapons Trade stimulated the formation of cities This was the first place on earth where everyone did not need to be engage in getting or producing food Merchants , traders and artisans, those with skills, and creative works lived in the cities of Sumer They traded or made goods in exchange for surplus food produced in the country side Some men formed armies to protect their cities and expand the territories Around every Sumerian city stood huge walls made of mud and brick, to protect the city from attack Sumer lasted for about 3,000-2,000BC. It collapsed because of frequent wars Most prominent building temple or the ziggurat (mountain of God) They believe that the place is owned by the gods and the goddess Southern Mesopotamia Priests and priestesses played an important role in administration, making the state a theocracy (government by a divine authority) Their economy, primarily agricultural, but there is also commerce and industry Foreign trade are for royal monopoly.they imported luxury items They invented the wheel They established laws for peace and orderThe constant wars, left many Sumerians in deep despair. It became open to invasion.
B. Akkadians They are called the Semitic people because of the type of language they spoke Sargon, their leader, overran the Sumerian city-states and established an empire that included most of the Mesopotamia They eventually disintegrated and it end brought a return to warring city-states, until Ur Nammu of Ur , succedded in reunifying Mesopotamia
C. Old Babylon (or Amorites) With the coming of the Amorites, under Hammurabi, bronze dagger a large group, a Semitic, -speaking semi nomads, created a new empire they employed a well army-disciplined army of foot soldiers, who carried axes spears or copper or bronze. He gained control of Sumer and Akkad and reunified Mesopotamia. After his conquest, He called himself Sun of Mesopotamia and Babylon became the new capital. He was a man of war and man of peace. He assimilated the Mesopotamian cultured despite Sumerians non existing. An archeologists found his collection of letters, reveals that he took a strong interest in state of affairs. Hammurabi established a set of laws for Mesopotamia. The concept of law applies to all, or none at all, is called the Law of Hammurabi
King Nebuchadnezzar's Palace in Ancient Babylon
The Code of Hammurabi/ Hammurabi Unites Mesopotamia/Creates Code of LawsD. The Assyria About 1500 BC, Assyria became a dependency of Mitanny, a kingdom of imperial proportions that had extended its way thru northern Mesopotamia. After it suffered serious defeat , it remained in that kingdomE. Persia Old Persian Empire or Achaemenid Empire was the first empire in Western and Central Asia, in 6th Century BCE by Cyrus, the Great, the dynasty draws its name from king Achaemenis, who once ruled Persia. Cyrus the Great, defeated Kingdoms of Media and Lydia and the Babylonian Empire to form the Achaemenid Empire.The territories conquered:a. The three continents, Africa, Asia and Europeb. Iran f. Syriac. Iraqg, Palestined. Jordanh. Lebanone. Israel
The disunification of this region was caused by the invasion of Alexander, the Great, when he took advantage the weakening empireContribution of Persia: Zoroastrianism, became known religion in the empire Official Language : Aramaic Centralized government
PERSIAN CARPET