Metal and Non Metals

Malleable Ductile Sonorous

Conductor Insulator

KEYWORDS

Rusting Brass

Calcium Chloride Galvanising Reactivity

Metals on the Periodic table Metals Non Metals

Metals and their properties

• Aluminium is light, strong and used to make aircraft.

• Copper is brown, a good electrical conductor and stretches easily. Used in electrical wiring.

Physical properties of metals

High density High melting point

Conduct Electricity

Malleable

Shiny (lustrous)

Ductile

Conduct heat

Hard and Strong

Sonorous

Physical properties of Metals

Malleable: can be hammered into shape

Ductile: can be stretched into wire (copper)

Sonorous: produce a ringing sound when struck

Physical properties of Metals

Shiny:

Conduct heat:

Conduct electricity:

Metals are good conductors of electricity

Some Exceptions

• Alkali metals (group 1) are soft with low densities.

• Mercury is liquid at room temperature.

Properties of Non Metals

• Usually liquids or gases

• Brittle (when solid)

• Low melting point

• Poor electrical conductors

• Poor heat conductors

Examples of Non metals

Exceptions of Non metal properties

• Carbon is a good conductor of electricity in the form of graphite.

• Carbon in the form of diamond is extremely hard with a high melting point.

Diamond Drill bit (very hard)

Video on Diamonds and Gold

• Diamond Mining in Sierra Leone – YouTube

• Raw Video: 507 Carat Diamond Found in S. Africa – YouTube

• Gold Divers - By The Numbers - YouTube

What is an alloys? • It is a mixture of metals.

NOTE: some metals are more useful when mixed with other metals.

Example: pure iron is quite brittle.

Iron mixed with carbon to produced steel.

Steel is much stronger and harder than iron.

Examples of Alloys

Alloy Composition Use Brass Copper + Zinc Muscial instruments

Ornaments

Bronze Copper + tin Statues

Examples of Alloys

Alloy Composition Use Stainless steel Iron + nickel + chromium Knives, sinks

New York Philharmonic Principal Brass Quintet play the UWS Apple Store - YouTube

Corrosion of Metals Rusting: the corrosion of metals

Metals react with air and water which causes them to corrode (rust)

Exceptions: gold and silver are very unreactive and remain shiny all the time.

Rusting

• Iron reacts with water and oxygen to form iron oxide (rust).

Iron + Oxygen Iron Oxide

Video on Rusting

• Rusting of Iron - Elementary Science - YouTube

To demonstrate rusting

• In order for rusting to occur, water and oxygen must be present.

To demonstrate rusting

To demonstrate rusting

To demonstrate rusting

Methods to Prevent Rusting

1) Painting

2) Galvanising (coat with zinc)

Removing Work from a Hot Dip Galvanizing Kettle - YouTube

Methods to prevent rusting

3) Greasing (coat with grease or oil)

Reactivities of metals

• Some metals want to lose electrons to have a full outer (very reactive).

• The metals in group 1 of the periodic table are the most reactive as they have only one electron on their outer shell.

To show that some metals are more

reactive than others:

To compare the reactivity of metals with water

• Calcium is the most reactive metal of all four.

To compare the reactivity of four metals with dilute acid.

• Calcium produces most bubbles, copper produces no

bubbles. • Calcium is most reactive and copper is not reactive at all

Hydrogen gas given off

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Video

• Ca,Zn,Cu+HCl.mpg – YouTube

• Metals with HCl - YouTube

Metals in decreasing order of rectivity

Calcium

Magnesium

Zinc

Copper

Decreasing Reactivity Increasing Reactivity

Metals in decreasing order of rectivity

Decreasing reactivity:

Calcium ---- Magnesium ---- Zinc ---- Copper

Increasing reactivity:

Copper ---- Zinc ---- Magnesium ---- Calcium

Exam Questions

Poster Project

• Where is the metal found?

• What are the properties of that metal?

• What it is used for?

• Is it used in an alloy?

• Images of metal

• Draw the bohr structure of your metal?

• Is your metal reactive?