Post on 18-Mar-2018
transcript
For CSIS Seminar
Methane Hydrate R&D in Japan
Takami Kawamoto
JOGMEC
September 17, 2014
1
What is Methane Hydrate (MH)?
Combustion Test of Artificial MH
a Model of Molecule Structure of MH
(▲:Methane Molecule, ●:Water Molecule)
□Methane is a major component of natural gas.
□MH is a material that a cage structure, which water
molecules forms, contain a methane molecule inside it.
□MH is made of only methane and water.
□After dissociation, methane is burned when it catches fire
and water remains.
That is why MH is called ‘Fiery Ice’
□One MH contains 160-170 fold volume of methane
(under 0℃ and 1 atm. condition).
It may be possible to use MH as a natural gas resource.
□The environment where MH exists is ‘ Low temperature
and high pressure’
(Examples of existing environment for MH:
1atm and less than -80℃ 、0℃ and more than 23 atm)
□In the natural world, MH exists either under the ground of
permafrost area in the polar region or under the seafloor at
more than 500 meters in depth.
Stability Zone for MH
□Where MH exists onshore is at an area where permafrost layers are developed.
□Where MH exists offshore is in layers at a few hundred meter depth under the seafloor at
more than 500 meter depth.
□There is no permafrost layers in Japan and MH exists only offshore in Japan.
Temperature (℃)
MH Stability Zone
Pre
ssu
re (
atm
.)
Wat
er D
epth
(m
)
Methane Gas
Water
MH Stability Zone in an ocean environment
Prediction of MH Distribution in the World
Source: Research Consortium for MH in Japan (MH21)
Offshore, exploration conducted
Offshore, exploration/coring conducted
Onshore, exploration etc. conducted
Onshore, exploration/coring conducted
Offshore coring etc. conducted
Offshore, information only
Onshore, coring etc. conducted
Onshore, information only
To conduct studies to establish the technological platform for commercialization of methane hydrate •Middle to Long-term Offshore Production Test
•Preparatory study for Commercial Production •Economical Feasibility •Evaluation of Environmental Impacts •Overall Evaluation of the Total Program etc.
Production Tests ・1st Offshore Production Test in 2013 ・Middle to Long-term Onshore Production Test
Technological Studies • Designing and Manufacturing
Systems for Flow Test • Studying Production Methods • Assessing Environmental Impacts • Resource Assessment
Onshore Production Tests • 1st Production Test in 2002 • 2nd Production Test in 2008
Resource Assessment in Eastern Nankai Trough ・Seismic Surveys (2D, 3D) ・Exploratory Drillings
Basic Research Technological Research and Production Tests
Establishment of Technological Platform
Phase 1 (FY 2001 – FY2008)
Phase 2 (FY 2009 – FY2015)
Phase 3 (FY2016 – FY2018)
5
Japan’s Methane Hydrate R&D Program ( announced in 2001)
Onshore Production Tests in Canada
At Mackenzie delta (a permafrost area)in northwest of Canada, a test to produce methane continuously by dissociating MH was conducted as a pioneer in the world.
First Test (2002)
Second Test (2007, 2008)
Participated Nation
5 (JP, CA, US, DE, IN) 2 (JP, CA)
Production Method
Heated Water Circulation Method
Depressurization Method
Result Success in production of
methane gas (first in the world)
Success in continuous production by depressurization
Method (first in the world)
Cumulative Production
470m3 (in 5 days) 13,000m3 (in 6 days)
Issues Continuity of Production
Energy Efficiency Necessity of Long-term
Production Test
Production of Methane Gas (March 10-16, 2008)
The First Onshore Production Test (2002)
The Second Onshore Production Test (2007, 2008)
2D seismic survey (1996)
2D seismic survey (2001)
Exploratory Drilling ‘offshore Tokai /Kumano open sea’(2004)
Exploratory Drilling ‘Nankai trough’ (1999)
3D seismic survey (2002)
Research on Resource Assessment in MH Prospect Water (eastern Nankai trough)
Type
Parameter (total/average) MH resource amount in place
GRV N/G φ SMH VR CO P90 P10 Pmean
MHCZs
in
eastern
Nankai
trough (767km2)
drilled 4.455 bil.m3 0.38 0.43 0.52 172 0.95 40.2 bm3 136.9 bm3 83.8 bm3
undrilled 34.931bm3 0.37 0.45 0.51 172 0.95 136.7bm3 977.9 bm3 490.1 bm3
total 39.386 bm3 0.37 0.44 0.51 172 0.95 176.9 bm3
(6Tcf)
1,114.8 bm3
(39Tcf)
573.9 bm3
(20Tcf)
MH bearing
layers other than
MHCZ in eastern
Nankai trough (3,920km2)
area
3,920km2
Net
thickness
6.4m
0.48 0.29 172 0.95 106.7 bm3
(4Tcf)
1,220.8 bm3
(43Tcf)
567.6 bm3
(20Tcf)
(1,254.4 bm3) (0.02)
Total 283.5 bm3
(10Tcf)
2,335.6 bm3
(83Tcf)
1141.5 bm3
(40Tcf)
drilled: MHCZ confirmed by Exploratory Drilling ‘Tokai offshore ~ Kumano open sea (2004)’
undrilled:MHCZ expected by Seismic Survey ‘Tokai offshore ~ Kumano open sea (2002)’
Resource amount of MHCZs in place in eastern Nankai trough≒5.5 years of LNG import amount to Japan in 2011 Resource amount in place in eastern Nankai trough ≒11 years of LNG import to Japan in 2011
GRV: Gross Rock Volume, N/G: Net/Gross ratio, Φ: Porosity, SMH: MH-saturation, VR:Volume Ratio, CO: Cage Occupancy
Results of Estimated Resource Amount in Place in Eastern Nankai Trough
Source: Research Consortium for MH in Japan (MH21)
MH Distributed Areas Offshore Japan Estimated by BSR Occurrence
Eastern Nankai Trough
Concentrations of MH are confirmed (5,000km2)
Concentrations of MH are suggested (61,000km2)
Concentrations are not suggested (20,000km2)
Limited Data to estimate concentrations (36,000km2)
Total BSR Area = approx. 122,000km2
10
The First Offshore Production Test Site at 33°56’ N and 137°19’ E
BSR Distribution
Location of First Offshore Production Test
In real scale
BSR
Top of GHCZ
SE NW
2.5 0 1.25 距離(km)
β-1 well(2004)
1250msec
1500msec
1750msec
1250msec
1500msec
1750msec
Ogasa sequences
Vertically Exaggerated
11
WD~1000m GHCZ~270-333mBSF
(TVD=940m)
(TVD=1125m)
(TVD=1310m)
Seismic Profile of the Test Location
Sea Floor
Approx. 40m (20m each)
Monitoring Well (MC Well) (to monitor dissociated range)
Monitoring Well (MT1 Well) (to monitor dissociated range)
0m
Approx. 1,000m
Approx. 1,270m
Approx. 1,330m
Methane Hydrate Reservoir
Dissociation Dissociation
Riser Pipe
To produce gas and water through this
pipe Blow Out Preventer
(BOP)
Equipments incl. Pump etc.
Finished Interval
MH to be dissociated into gas and water in
this interval
Sea Level
3757360
3757370
3757380
3757390
3757400
3757410
3757420
3757430
3757440
Well Head
P Well(Production)
MT1Well MC Well
Y (m)
X (m)
Location of bottom of reservoir
Well Head Location of top of reservoir
Location of bottom of reservoir
Well Head
C Well(Coring)
Production Well (P well)
240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320
12
Layout of Production Test Wells
●Progress of the Operation (Jan.28-Apr.1, 2013)
・March 12:
5:40: Started flow test, decreasing pressure
9:30: Confirmed gas production
considered from methane hydrate formations
10:00: Ignited flaring
・March 18:
4:00: Confirmed sand production
on board
15:00: Completed kill well and
ended flow test
●Gas Production
・Duration:approx. 6 days
・Cumulative gas production:
approx. 120,000m3
・ Average gas production:
approx. 20,000m3/day 13
Wat
er P
rod
uct
ion
Rat
e (m
3/d
ay)
Gas
Pro
du
ctio
n R
ate
(m3
/day
)
Day/Time
Pre
ssu
re (
MP
a)
Gas Production Rate (m3/day)
Water Production Rate (m3/day)
Pump Intake Pressure (at 1184m) Depth from Sea Level
Results of Flow Test
Process toward Commercialization of Methane Hydrate (MH)
Conducted the world-first offshore production test from January, 2013
F Y 2 0 1 3 - F Y 2 0 1 5
○In the new ’Basic Plan on Ocean Policy’ (the Cabinet approved on April, 2013), (1) Regarding Sand-formation type MH, ①to surely reach a target of ‘to establish technologies toward commercialization
by FY2018 (Heisei FY30) ’ and ②to set a target toward a Commercialization Project for the first time. (2) As for Sea-bed type MH, to set a target for Resource Assessment for the first time. For assessing resource amount, to
conduct researches including surveys in wide area for about 3years starting from FY2013.
FY2016-FY2018
San
d –
form
atio
n T
ype
- FY2027
【Future Issues】 • Technological development for long and stable gas production • Technological development to reduce production cost greatly • to grasp environmental impacts by long-term production
Off
sho
re P
rod
uct
ion
Tes
t (m
idd
le t
o lo
ng-
term
)
to c
on
du
ct o
vera
ll
veri
fica
tio
n
Based on discussions on the future courses, to initiate serious surveys, R&D etc. for resource recovery
To make intensive efforts toward assessing resource amount in 3years starting from FY2013
Sea-
bed
Typ
e
○to conduct wide-area and detailed geological survey FY2013:offshore Joetsu/west offshore Noto peninsula, FY2014:Oki area/offshore Akita/offshore Yamagata (a part of them in FY2015) , FY2015: Hokkaido area
○to acquire geological samples at prospected points (FY2014-)
to conduct technical research on resource recovery
to C
on
firm
an
d R
evis
e th
e C
ou
rses
Result :20,000m3/day of production in 6days
Duration and production target will be decided by around FY2015 depending on future progress of research etc.
○ to advance such technological development with a consideration that a project led by private companies may start in the latter half of Heisei FY30’s (until FY2027) while keeping an eye on international situations
to s
tart
pre
par
atio
ns
tow
ard
co
mm
erci
aliz
atio
n p
roje
ct,
to e
stab
lish
fra
mew
ork
led
b
y p
riva
te c
om
pan
ies
etc.
to Cope with Technical Issues Intensively
○Analyzing test results
○Overcoming technical issues
○to demonstrate a middle to long-term production test on shore
(continuous production for 1 to 3months)
to Establish Technologies for Commercialization
Thank you for your attention