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transcript
Mid-Term Third Party Evaluation Study of National Bamboo Mission
Submitted to:
MISSION DIRECTOR NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NEW DELHI-110001
AGRICULTURAL FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED Northern Regional Office
NEW DELHI-110058
Mid-Term Third Party Evaluation Study of National Bamboo Mission
Submitted to:
MISSION DIRECTOR NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
NEW DELHI-110001
AGRICULTURAL FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED Northern Regional Office
NEW DELHI-110058
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It gives us pleasure to express our gratitude for the faith reposed in Agricultural Finance
Corporation Ltd. by the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Cell, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India by entrusting the task of Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation (MTTPE) of
the NBM Scheme. We thank Dr. Gorakh Singh, Horticulture Commissioner, Mr. Kameshwar
Ojha, Deputy Director General and Mission Director, National Bamboo Mission and Mr. R P
Meena, Assistant Commissioner, National Bamboo Mission for the same.
This document is the product of effort by a number of individuals and organisations. We are
highly thankful to State Mission Directors for guiding us to pursue our task in the study
area. We are equally grateful to other senior officials, including Divisional Forest Officers
(DFOs) and District Horticulture Officers (DHOs) and their colleagues at various district
headquarters and divisions in helping the team during field level data collection. We further
extend our gratitude to research scientists at various Research Institutes, members of non‐
governmental organisations, and officials of village governing bodies in the districts for their
support. We hereby extend our sincere appreciation to the following officials for their kind
support and cooperation.
State Mission Director/Other Key Officials
BTSG Head/Other Key Technical Resource Persons
Uttarakhand Mr. STS Lepcha Mr. SS Jain, Scientist F, Indian
Council of Forestry Research
& Education, Dehradun
Chhattisgarh Mr. Diwakar Mishra Dr. MN Nagoria
Indira Gandhi Agricultural
University, Raipur
Jharkhand Mr. BR Lallan Dr. MP Singh
Birsa Agricultural University,
Ranchi
Maharashtra Mr. S.W.H. Naqvi/ Mr. Suryavanshi,
Assistant Director, Social Forestry
Assam Mr. RP Agrawal
Mr. Kamesh Salam,
Cane & Bamboo Technology
Centre, Guwahati
Assam Dr. PK Kaushik, Scientist,
Shifting Cultivation Division,
Rain Forest Research
Institute, Jorhat
--- -
State Mission Djrector/Other Key BTSG Head/Other Key Officials Technical Resource Persons
Nagaland Mr. Mohan Jha, CEO, Nagaland Pulp
and Paper Company ltd.
Nagaland Mr. Norman Putsure/Mr Alem
Longkumar, Member, NBDA
Mizoram Mr. Lalthangliana Murray
Arunachal Dr. PradeE;lp Chaudhry Dr. Ganguva Murtem, State
Pradesh forest Research Institute
(SFRlt Itanagar
Dr RK Taj, SFRI, Ita nagar
Odisha Mr. Sushi! Kumar Popli
Project Coordinator
Agric!lltural Finance C9rporation Ltd. Page 2
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 3
STUDY TEAM
Name Designation Specialisation
Mr. G S Yadav Project Coordinator Natural Resources Management
Mr. Girish Bhardwaj
Team Leader Joint Forest Management and
Institution Building
Mr. Saurabh Mishra Team Member Forest Management
Mr. R K Dixit Team Member Forest Plantation
Dr. Pradeep Mishra Team Member Natural Resources Management
Mr. Rakesh Kumar Team Member Horticulturist
Mr. Manoj Patel Team Member Plantation Management
Mr. O P Misra Team Member Statistical Analyst
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 4
CONTENTS
Chapter No. Particulars Page No.
Abbreviations 6
Executive Summary 7
1 Background and Context 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study 14
2 Approach and Methodology 17
2.1 Composition of the Team 17
2.2 Design of Schedule for Data Collection 17
2.3 Sampling 17
2.4 Data Collection 18
2.5 Analysis of Data and Report Writing 18
2.6 Structure of the Report 18
3 Record Based Review 19
3.1 Vision, Mission and Strategies 19
3.2 Mission Interventions
3.2.1 Research and Development
3.2.2 Plantation Development
20
20
20
3.3 Cost Norms 23
3.4 Financial Management
3.4.1 System of Fund Flow
3.4.2 State wise Fund Allocation, Release and Utilisation
25
25
26
4 Physical Achievements 35
A. National Scenario
4.1 Planting Material Development
4.2 Plantation Coverage
4.3 Improvement of Existing Stock
35
37
39
42
4.4 Technology Dissemination 43
4.5 Bamboo Bazaar 44
B. Project Status
4.6 Planting Material Development
4.7 Plantation Coverage
4.8 Improvement of Existing Stock
44
45
49
61
4.9 Post Harvesting 62
4.10 Initiatives For Handicraft Promotion 64
4.11 Bamboo Retail/Wholesale Markets, Bamboo Bazaar,
Retail Showrooms
66
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Chapter No. Particulars Page No.
4 4.12 Major Problems In Handicraft Promotion 68
4.13 Beneficiary Analysis 69
4.14 Capacity Building 72
4.15 Technology Transfer and Extension Activities 74
4.16 Bamboo Technical Support Group 75
4.17 Research and Development 76
4.18 Administrative and Technical Setup 79
5 Conclusions And Recommendations 82
5.1 Planting Material 82
5.2 Bamboo Plantation and Management 82
5.3 Post Harvest Management 83
5.4 Handicrafts Promotion 83
5.5 Marketing 83
5.6 Capacity Building 83
5.7 Technological Transfer 84
5.8 Financial Norms 84
5.9 Bamboo Technology Support Groups 84
5.10 Research and Development 85
5.11 Convergence with Other Programmes 85
5.12 Model Creation through Cluster Approach 85
Annexure 1 Sample Size covered under the Study 86
Annexure 2 List of Beneficiaries/Groups contacted during the Study 88
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 6
ABBREVIATIONS
AAP : Annual Action Plan
BDA : Bamboo Development Agency
BTSG : Bamboo Technology Support Group
CBTC : Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre
CCEA : Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
CFC : Common Facility Centre
DC (H) : Development Commissioner (Handicrafts)
DFO : Divisional Forest Officer
DHO : District Horticulture Officer
FDA : Forest Development Agency
FRI : Forest Research Institute
Ha : Hectare
ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICFRE : Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
JFMC : Joint Forest Management Committee
KVK : Krishi Vigyan Kendra
KONBAC : Konkan Bamboo and Cane Development Centre
MTTPE : Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation
NBDA : Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency
NBM : National Bamboo Mission
NREGS : National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
OBC : Other Backward Classes
RFRI : Rain Forest Research Institute
R&D : Research and Development
SAU : State Agriculture University
SBM : State Bamboo Mission
SBSC : State Bamboo Steering Committee
SC : Scheduled Caste
SFRI : State Forest Research Institute
SHG : Self‐Help Group
ST : Scheduled Tribe
ToR : Terms of Reference
TC : Tissue Culture
UBFDB : Uttarakhand Bamboo and Fibre Development Board
VBDC : Village Bamboo Development Committee
VFMC : Village Forest Management Committee
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
National Bamboo Mission was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) for the period 2006‐07 to 2010‐11 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to be
implemented by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation at a cost of ` 568.23 crore with 100% Central assistance, including an outlay of ` 91.37 crore during 2006‐07 (X Five Year Plan). The CCEA also ‘in principle’ approved for continuing the Mission during the
remaining period of the XI Five Year Plan, that is, in 2011‐12.
Whereas bamboo has traditionally been treated as a forest product, National Bamboo
Mission (NBM) was framed on the premise of developing it as a crop with various usages.
The key objective of the Mission is to address the issues relating to the development of
bamboo in the country. The major interventions planned under the Mission to achieve its
broad objectives focused on research and development, plantation on forest and non‐
forest lands through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) or Village Development
Committees (VDCs) and ensuring supply of quality planting material by establishing
Centralised and Kisan/Mahila nurseries. Attempts were also made for improvement of
existing stock of bamboo, technology transfer through extension and frontline
demonstration, human resource development at staff and community levels through
training and exposure visits, promotion of micro‐irrigation, pest and disease management,
post harvesting management, promotion of bamboo handicrafts and their marketing and
export and establishing bamboo wholesale and retail markets.
A. National Scenario
NBM has made an all‐round progress towards achieving its objectives. A network of
nurseries including centralised nurseries and Mahila/Kisan nurseries, were established
across the country to ensure adequate quantity of elite cultivars of bamboo to the farmers.
This helped in expansion of area under bamboo.
Disease free planting material of elite cultivars is a key to the development of bamboo
sector in the country. Establishment of Centralised Nursery with the capacity of producing
disease free 50,000 saplings per unit a year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of
planting material. It was planned to establish around 345 centralised nurseries across the
country during XI Plan. The issue has been adequately addressed under the NBM as around
566 centralised nurseries were established in the country for producing disease free
planting material of elite cultivars which was 64% more than the planned target. Of this,
54% of the nurseries have been established in the States other than the North Eastern
region and around 46% in North East region. These nurseries have overall capacity to
produce 28.3 million saplings annually.
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Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the
Bamboo Development Agencies (BDAs) and thus, establishment of Centralised Nursery was
the main focus.
Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme.
The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step
forward to enhance community participation in implementation of NBM scheme. The main
objective of such nurseries is to produce 5,000 and 10,000 saplings respectively per unit per
year. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of nursery
growers. It was planned to establish 160 such nurseries (80 Kisan nurseries & 80 Mahila
nurseries) during the XI Plan. The Mission succeeded in establishing around 713 such
nurseries (356 Kisan and 357 Mahila nurseries) throughout the country which was more
than four times the envisaged targets.
Tissue Culture (TC) is a technique which could help the regeneration of large numbers of
plants in a relatively short time. It was envisaged to establish 3 TC laboratories, however,
under the Mission not many States showed interests. One of the major impediments as
reported by State Governments was insufficient financial assistance under the Mission. The
only TC laboratory established is in Assam.
Bamboo plantation activity was planned to be taken up on forest and non‐forest lands
covering a target of 88000 hectare (ha) in forest area and 88000 ha in
non‐forest area, each across 27 states taken up under NBM. The programme made an
impressive progress covering 194635 ha under bamboo cultivation which was 10% more
than the target. Under the programme, plantation of bamboo was taken up over more than
134512 ha in forest area against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was 52% more
than the planned target. North Eastern States were the leaders as far as coverage of
bamboo plantation was concerned. In Mizoram, 32306 ha of land were covered under
bamboo plantation. Nagaland is placed next to Mizoram in terms of plantation. In
Nagaland, plantations were undertaken in around 28748 ha. Arunachal Pradesh is the third
largest in terms of bamboo plantation where the plantations have been taken in an area of
14936 ha. The other major States where large scale plantations were undertaken are
Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim, Assam, Odisha, Karnataka and Tripura. During the Plan
period, bamboo plantation was undertaken in 60123 ha non‐forest area across the country.
Mizoram has undertaken plantation in an area of 9700 ha followed by Arunachal Pradesh
where the same was undertaken in 9193 ha area. Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura
are other States where bamboo plantations have been undertaken on extensively.
Crafts‐persons and artisans of the country are dependant for their livelihood on handicraft
items for which bamboo species are being used since times immemorial. In order to
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improve the quality of such products, there is a need to improve upon the existing stock
and variety of bamboo that is being used by these crafts‐people and artisans in order to
derive maximum benefit and return. Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done
to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users. Funds allocated under this component
are primarily being used in soil working and decongestion of clumps. It was planned to bring
around 36000 ha area under improved bamboo stock. The programmes of improvement of
existing stock were undertaken in all the States. Under the programme, an area of 51925 ha
was covered throughout the country. This was 44% more than the target. Nagaland has
actively taken up the improving the existing stock under which 11329 ha existing stock were
treated for improvement of productivity. This was followed by 6739 ha in Assam and 6476
ha in Mizoram. The other major States where the activity of improvement of existing stock
was undertaken are Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha.
Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, etc. are an integral part of
the Mission. Under the programme, around 36868 farmers and 5711 field functionaries
were trained on scientific and improved production technologies. Tripura took the lead in
training the farmers. During the project duration, around 6924 farmers and 506 field
functionaries were trained in the state. Next to Tripura is Assam where 3805 farmers and
750 field functionaries were trained. In Nagaland, around 3848 farmers and 330 field
functionaries were trained. Tamil Nadu, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur were other States
where large numbers of farmers and field functionaries were trained.
To popularise various Bamboo handicrafts products as well as bamboo food items like
processed shoots, six retail outlets were created. There was no organised system in
bamboo handicrafts and products marketing owing to which the NBM envisaged to set up
retail/wholesale markets so that the primary producers (farmers) can sell their produce
without any hassle. Under the Programme, five Bamboo Bazaars were created throughout
the country of which four were in the North Eastern Region and one in Southern India. Two
such bazaars were established both in Assam and Mizoram and one in Karnataka.
Wholesale markets were envisaged under the programme with an objective to keep track
of the market information related to various bamboo products and its dissemination to the
farmers and the primary processors which in turn helps them to plan their activities well in
advance. Under the programme, nine such markets were established across the country.
Three wholesale markets were established in Nagaland, two each in Sikkim & Maharashtra
and one each in Odisha & Assam.
B. Findings from Sample Study
The Mid‐Term Third Party Evaluation Study of NBM was carried out in nine states and in
two districts in each of them as the study area.
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1. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang
2. Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon
3. Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja
4. Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh
5. Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal
6. Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal
7. Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung
8. Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj
9. Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar
As per analysis of data collected from nine states, 44% of the total amount was spent on
these nine states. The two districts selected within the state are those where the maximum
work has been done under the Mission. The study area, thus, accounts for the most
significant part of the activities carried out under the Mission.
A total number of 347 Centralised, Mahila and Kisan nurseries have been established in the
districts covered under this study. About 90% of the established nurseries are centralised of
which 78% have been raised by public sector agencies. In addition, a beginning has been
made in using tissue cultured planting material in some of the states with encouraging
results.
BDAs in all the states have done excellent work with regard to bamboo plantation on forest
land through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and other village level
institutions. However, the plantation on non‐forest land involving farmers and private land
owners has not taken full momentum. Some of the findings of the Research and
Development (R&D) projects under the Mission have proved that inter‐cropping of bamboo
with agricultural/horticultural/medicinal crops can make bamboo cultivation more
profitable for the grower. This idea of cultivating bamboo with other suitable crops needs
to be transferred to the farmers and other growers. There is more willingness among
people for agriculture/horticulture crops over bamboo due to its long gestation period.
However, the successful models created under the Mission are increasing farmers’
awareness and willingness for bamboo plantation in future on their less productive lands.
Nearly 16% of the total plantation (in the study area) was covered during 2006‐07 of which
79% was covered in states of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram. The plantation activity
geared up during 2007‐08 covering around 37% of the total plantation coverage in the
study districts. Of all the studied 18 districts, maximum plantation has taken place in
Mokokchung (Nagaland) covering almost one‐fourth of the total plantation area. Of all the
nine states, maximum amount of fund released for plantation in forest area has been for
Nagaland. Out of the total area covered under non‐forest land during 2006‐11, 18% was
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planted in 2006‐07 with majority of it being in Aizwal district of Mizoram. In subsequent
years, this remained between 26% to 28%.
North East is a natural habitat of bamboo and survival rate of saplings is more than 75% in
the region. But in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh, survival rate has been 50% on an
average. It is highest in Mayurbhanj (Odisha) and bamboo grew very well in Bolangir
(Odisha) also with a survival rate of about 80%. Cost norms under NBM do not cover
fencing. Fencing is very much essential in Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand
where saplings are highly prone to damage by wild and domestic animals.
Bamboo handicrafts have a niche but limited market. Unless marketing mechanisms are in
place, it is tough to derive benefits out of this activity. Establishment of bamboo bazaar is
taking place in Nagaland (Dimapur), Odisha, Assam and Chhattisgarh. Nagaland Bamboo
Development Agency (NBDA) houses a retail shop that is being frequented by tourists and
local customers. Villages of Nagaland suffer from poor roads. Villagers demand for
“bamboo roads” so that they can take harvested bamboo from field to market.
The Mission has been able to reach to around 60% of the members of Scheduled Castes
(SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra and a good number of
members of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Since North
Eastern states are predominantly tribal, 100% beneficiaries are STs. The objective of taking
benefits of the Mission to SCs/STs/OBCs has been largely fulfilled but there is still a need to
reach out to the really needy beneficiary. Due to lack of awareness and limited access to
government offices, not many marginal and small farmers could take the benefits of NBM.
Another factor is that some small and marginal farmers do not want to plant bamboo; they
prefer to work on other crops.
Trainings in large number have been imparted to the resource persons, farmers and field
functionaries and beneficiaries at different times. But the quality of the training needs to be
further upgraded to improve the practical knowledge and skills of the stakeholders. The
three Bamboo Technology Support Groups (BTSGs) located at Assam, Uttarakhand and
Kerala should improve the strategic inputs for the trainings provided by them to meet this
requirement.
The Radio Talk initiative taken by Uttarakhand sets a benchmark for creating awareness on
mass scale about bamboo cultivation and the details of the scheme of NBM. Other states
may be advised to adopt this model. NBDA has published useful literature on bamboo
cultivation in adequate number and distributed among the stakeholders. BTSGs have come
out with their own literature in this regard and organised trainings. However, more
frequent initiatives to promote bamboo culture at an all India level may be taken through
print, radio and electronic media.
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Research and Development initiatives under the Mission focussed at developing agro‐
forestry models at zonal level institutions. Many encouraging results are coming to suggest
economically viable cultivation of bamboo intercropping with agricultural, horticultural and
medicinal crops. These results need to be taken to the farmers and other growers.
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CHAPTER‐1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
1.1 Introduction
The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture had launched a
Centrally Sponsored Scheme of “National Bamboo Mission”, during the X Plan with effect
from 2006‐07, covering twenty‐seven (27) States of the country.
The Mission’s objectives are to promote the growth of the bamboo sector through an area‐
based regionally differentiated strategy; to increase the coverage of area under bamboo in
potential areas, with suitable species to enhance yields; to promote marketing of bamboo
and bamboo based handicrafts; to establish convergence and synergy among stakeholders
for the development of bamboo; to promote, develop and disseminate technologies through
a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge; to generate
employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths.
The thrust of the Mission is on an area‐based regionally differentiated strategy for both
forest and non‐forest areas. A number of activities are being supported for increasing
productivity and quality of bamboo namely increasing area under bamboo cultivation, mass
production of superior quality planting stock of recommended species of bamboo,
improvement of the existing stock, pest and disease management, improved post‐harvest
management and development, and up‐gradation of marketing facilities. Marketing of
bamboo and bamboo based handicrafts is being promoted to generate employment
opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths.
The Scheme has been approved from 2006‐07 to 2010‐11 and ‘in principle’ approval for
continuing the same during the remaining period of XI Plan has been received. An amount
of ` 7570.86 lakh was provided during 2006‐07 for implementing NBM programmes in
thirteen (13) States which had submitted their proposals. During 2007‐08, an amount of ` 11439.62 lakh was released to twenty‐four (24) States/implementing agencies including ` 359.80 lakh for nineteen (19) R&D projects while during 2008‐09, a sum of ` 8466.60 lakh including ` 123.74 lakh for an R&D institution was released.
The Scheme has been in operation effectively for about three years (up to 2009‐10). During
2006‐07, although the fund was approved for release during March 2006‐07, yet the
implementing states received the funds only in May/June 2007‐08. In Government forest
lands, bamboo plantation programme is undertaken through the Forest Development
Agencies (FDAs) and the JFMCs. However, in case of Non‐Forest Areas, the Bamboo
Development Agency is the nodal agency.
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To evaluate the performance of programme implementation in order to assess its impact in
fulfilling the objectives envisaged under the Scheme, NBM awarded Agricultural Finance
Corporation Limited the task to undertake the ‘Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation (MTTPE) of
the Scheme’ in nine states including Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha and Uttarakhand.
1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study
A. General
The Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation study primarily emphasises on the following aspects:
Analyse the physical and financial achievements vis‐à‐vis targets and outlays as per
the suggested parameters in the terms of reference (ToR).
Impact of the Scheme in the cluster/district in general and the beneficiaries in
particular.
Adequacy of the mechanism to supply good quality planting material to the farmers.
Impact in terms of production and productivity improvement of bamboo crops
keeping 2006‐07 as the base year.
Impact in terms of expansion of area in forest and non‐forest land.
Adequacy and impact of trainings on skill up‐gradation and its application.
Adequacy and impact of extension activities and transfer of technology.
Effectiveness of activities undertaken for promotion of bamboo handicrafts.
Available administrative and technical set up with the State Bamboo Missions
(SBMs) and its effectiveness in administering the Scheme at the district and block
levels, especially in case of Non‐Forest Area.
Scope of Operational Guidelines including cost norms and recommend modification,
if any needed.
Extent to which employment opportunities have been created.
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Extent to which Growers’ Association, Self Help Groups (SHGs), Cooperative
Societies in bamboo, Marketing Boards, Research Organisations like State
Agriculture Universities (SAUs), Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
(ICFRE)/Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes, Krishi Vigyan
Kendras (KVKs), and other State organisations have been involved in project
implementation.
Impact of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
Adequacy and timeliness of fund flow and delivery mechanism.
Progress reporting mechanism.
B. Specific
The study should evaluate physical and financial progress, and determine the qualitative
and quantitative impact of various interventions taken up during three years of the Mission
in respect to the following components:
Planting Material
a) Nursery ‐The study should indicate the number of nurseries set up, both in public
and private sector; number of saplings being produced per year; whether planting
material generated from these nurseries is of good quality and will be sufficient to
meet the future demand of the State.
b) Tissue Culture Lab/Unit ‐ The study should indicate the number of TC labs/units that
have been established both in the public and private sector and the output thereof.
Area Expansion ‐ The study should indicate the details of pre‐project
(2005‐06) and current level of area coverage, production and productivity of various
bamboo species covered under NBM in different States. Survival and growth of
bamboo crops together with their production and productivity also needs to be
indicated.
Improvement of Existing Stock ‐ The study should indicate the progress of
rejuvenation/replanting of various bamboo species taken up under the Scheme in
various States along with the enhancement in production and productivity of
existing bamboo plantations post NBM intervention. The study should also indicate
the measures taken by the state implementing agency to improve productivity of
existing stock.
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Technology Transfer and Human Resource Development ‐ The study should
indicate the details of the training programmes organised for farmers,
entrepreneurs, field functionaries, artisans, etc. and the number of beneficiaries
trained in different NBM States in the area of nursery management, bamboo
plantation and other related activities. Details of farmers/field functionaries visited,
inside/outside State are also to be indicated. The impact of training among
farmers/field functionaries/ entrepreneurs on skill up gradation and its applications
should also to be indicated. The level of awareness generated among farmers after
training/exposure visits should also be brought out.
Technology Dissemination through Front Line Demonstrations ‐ The study should
indicate the number of technology dissemination cum frontline demonstrations
taken up in farmers’ field as well as on public sector farms and the spread effect of
these demonstrations for adoption of improved package of practices and innovative
technologies developed in various NBM states. It should also indicate whether any
frontline demonstrations have been organised in drought‐prone area.
Pest and Disease Management ‐ The study should indicate the measures taken by
the States to control pests and diseases at the plantation level and output thereof.
Post Harvest Storage and Treatment Facilities ‐ The study should indicate the
achievement made in respect of the infrastructure developed for post harvest
management and also future planning in this regard. The study should also indicate
the impact of the infrastructure created/to be created for reducing the post harvest
losses and increasing the shelf life of the produce.
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CHAPTER‐2: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
An interactive and participatory methodology was adopted at all levels to capture
in‐depth information from different categories of respondents in the studied states and
districts. The major steps followed for conducting the study are as below:
2.1 Composition of the Team
A team of qualified and experienced professionals specialised in natural resources
management, forestry, monitoring and evaluation, institutional aspects, social and
gender equity and participatory approaches was deployed in the field. The study
team was also assisted by a cadre of local investigators equipped with technical and
social background for carrying out primary and secondary data collection.
The study team was oriented on various aspects covering background, objectives of
the study, scope of work, approach and methodology, sample design, etc. The
training programme also focused on research tools including checklist, schedules,
formats, physical verification, structured and unstructured interviews, focus group
discussion (FGD), case studies, etc.
2.2 Design of Schedule for Data Collection
The team studied and analysed the relevant literature and documents related to
bamboo plantation and bamboo based handicrafts promotion, ToR, operational
guidelines of NBM, etc.
The schedules were designed on the basis of ToR and the operational guidelines of
NBM. Different schedules were developed to collect information from primary and
secondary stakeholders; viz. individual farmers, groups/JFMCs, artisans, state and
district level officials of project implementing agencies, research and development
institutions, marketing agencies, BTSGs.
The schedules were shared with NBM officials in Delhi office and their suggestions
were incorporated to finalise the same.
2.3 Sampling
The sample design included coverage of two districts in each of the study states.
1. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang
2. Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon
3. Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja
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4. Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh
5. Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal
6. Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal
7. Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung
8. Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj
9. Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar
A random sampling of 10% was adopted to capture information from beneficiaries
including individual farmer, plantation groups/committees, nursery grower, artisans,
etc. Detailes are given in Annexure – 1 & 2.
2.4 Data Collection
The research tools used for information collection in the field from different sets of
respondents included household survey at family level, semi‐structured interviews,
structured interviews, focus group discussion, physical verification, case studies, etc.
The field testing of various schedules and methodology to be used for data
collection was carried out in one of the districts studied with a view to learn
mistakes and to take immediate action for modification in the designed formats and
planned approach. The modifications in approach, methodology and research tools
were made accordingly.
A cross section of various activities taken up under the programme was covered
under physical verification by the field team.
The quality control mechanism was developed to ensure quality of data collection in
the field. An efficient communication system also facilitated tracking of problematic
issues and deciding the corrective measures in time.
2.5 Analysis of Data and Report Writing
The data collected from various sources was compiled and analysed centrally and
the report was prepared as per ToR.
2.6 Structure of the Report
Chapter 1 of the Report gives a background and introduction to evaluation. The approach
and methodology adopted for programme evaluation is covered in
Chapter 2. The programme interventions designed under NBM for promotion of bamboo
plantation and bamboo based handicrafts, cost norms and component‐wise release of
funds for different states in different years is covered in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 focuses on
key observations and findings with regard to activities’ performance and the same are
concluded along with recommendations in Chapter 5 of the Report. Additional information
has been annexed at the end of the Report.
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CHAPTER‐3: RECORD BASED REVIEW
3.1 Vision, Mission and Strategies
Bamboo is a versatile group of plants which is capable of providing ecological, economic
and livelihood security to the people. Till recently, it has remained confined to the forests
and in patches as homesteads, backyards and private lands; with two‐thirds of the growing
stock being located in the North‐Eastern States only. The importance of bamboo as a
source of raw material for industrial and domestic use with its growing demand all over the
country necessitated its cultivation in farm lands as well. Keeping in view the vast untapped
potential of the bamboo plant, the NBM was set up to address the issues relating to the
development of bamboo in the country.
NBM is aimed to promote holistic growth of the bamboo sector through area based
regionally differentiated strategies; to increase the coverage of area under bamboo both in
forest and non‐forest areas with appropriate varieties to enhance yield; promote marketing
of bamboo based handicrafts; establish convergence and synergy among stakeholders for
development of bamboo; promote, develop and disseminate technologies through a
seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge and generate
employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths.
The Mission planned to adopt a strategic approach to achieve its objectives. The major
strategies planned by the Mission include adoption of a specific approach covering
production and marketing to assure appropriate returns to growers/producers, promotion
of R&D of technologies for production, enhanced acreage (in forest and non‐forest areas)
and productivity, adoption of a coordinated approach and promoting partnership/
convergence and synergy among R&D marketing agencies in public as well as private
sectors at all levels, promotion of cooperatives and self‐help groups to ensure support and
adequate returns to farmers, facilitation of capacity‐building and Human Resource
Development and setting up of National, State and sub‐State level structures, keeping in
view the need for getting adequate returns for the produce of the farmers and eliminating
middlemen to the extent possible.
The Mission Structure designed for effective and efficient implementation of the scheme
includes National Apex Committee (NAC), National Steering Committee (NSC), National
Bamboo Cell (NBC) and Working Groups to oversee several sectors such as Research,
Plantation Development, Handicraft and Marketing at national level. The structure at the
state level includes State Bamboo Steering Committee (SBSC), BDA and district level
implementation units. In addition, BTSGs have been appointed to provide support to
implementing agencies. The major areas of BTSG support to field implementation
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 20
emphasises on policy, organisational and technical aspects, capacity building of field
functionaries on various aspects, conducting studies & research, undertaking publicity
campaigns, and documentation and dissemination of success stories.
3.2 Mission Interventions
The major interventions planned under the Mission to achieve its broad objectives focused
on the following areas:
3.2.1 Research and Development
The research and development component was expected to concentrate on technology
generation as appropriate to each region/State keeping in view their specific agro‐climatic
and socio‐economic conditions. An emphasis was also laid on effective
documentation/transfer and dissemination of technologies available in India and abroad.
The ICAR, ICFRE and Institutes such as Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat; Forest
Research Institute, Dehradun; Indian Institute of Wood Science, Bangalore (IWST); the State
Forest Research Institute; Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal; Kerala Forest
Research Institute (KFRI), Peechi; Indian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute
(IPIRTI), Bangalore; Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay; Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore; Regional Research Laboratories (RRLs); Central Agricultural Universities; State
Agricultural Universities and other research institutes in the public sector having
capabilities in this area were involved in taking up research programmes on bamboo. The
research institutions were also expected to address identified and emerging needs in the
areas of plantation, developing new Agro‐forestry systems with bamboo, harvesting and
sustainable management of bamboo resources, livelihood based ecosystem protection and
improving the durability of bamboo.
3.2.2 Plantation Development
This component primarily aimed at expansion of area under bamboo plantation in the
potential areas both in Government forests as well as in non‐forest lands for commercial
utilisation. The main objective of this component is to increase the production of
commercially important bamboo species and shoots for regular supply to the processing
units for production of more value added products. The overall goal of this component is to
ensure that the target is achieved within the stipulated time in order to ensure
employment generation and achieve rural poverty alleviation with input of right technology
for supply of planting material and pre‐harvest management practices. The principal
activities under this are:
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 21
3.2.2.1 Ensuring Availability of Quality Planting Material
The demand for planting material was planned to be met by establishment of Centralised
and Decentralised nurseries. Planting material was also to be generated from TC
laboratories. The decentralised nurseries were primarily planned to be raised by the local
people in the name of ‘Mahila Nursery’ and ‘Kisan Nursery’.
3.2.2.2 Certifying Agency for Planting Materials
In order to ensure quality supply of planting materials for commercial bamboo plantation in
both Government Forest Land as well as the Non Forest Land, a suitable Certifying Agency
having expertise on the subject was to be identified by the respective BDAs/FDAs in each
State from Public/ Private sector for ensuring quality of planting material.
3.2.2.3 Improvement of Existing Stock
In order to improve the quality of raw material for handicraft products, a focus was laid on
improvement of the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by the
craftsmen and artisans. The existing stock of bamboo was to be improved so that the
craftsmen and artisans can derive maximum benefits and returns from the products that
are being manufactured from the existing stock.
3.2.2.4 Technology Transfer & HRD in Plantation Development
Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, publicity and training of
the trainers are an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate trainings were to be imparted
to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (pre and post harvest management)
for high yield plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Provision of resource
material to the trainees and making them aware of various farming techniques through
exhibitions and demonstrations were the key activities to be undertaken. These activities
were to be carried out both by the government as well as the private sector and NGOs.
3.2.2.5 Irrigation
Irrigating the bamboo plantations during summer and during the period without rain for 20
days or so is a must for better yield. For the Mission, such areas were supposed to be
covered as have been identified under Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP). Depending
on the proposals received from the States, an amount of ` 20000 towards purchase of irrigation systems per hectare was planned to be provided subject to a ceiling of 4 ha,
depending on actual and emerging needs of the areas identified for plantation.
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3.2.2.6 Technology Dissemination through Front Line Demonstration
Latest technologies were planned to be promoted in bamboo plantation through active
involvement of farmers’ participatory demonstration in compact areas of one hectare. This
was to be organised at strategic locations and in drought prone States for which assistance
was limited to 50% of the cost.
3.2.2.7 Pests and Disease Management
Pests and diseases pose a serious threat to bamboo right from the seed stage to the
finished product. Quite a number of insect fauna including sap‐suckers, borers and
defoliators have been reported from bamboo in the Indian sub‐continent. Disease control
in bamboo essential for both natural forests and for plantations is done by application of
fungicides as well as other chemicals. Depending on the proposals received, an amount of ` 200 per hectare was to be provided as a one‐time grant from the NBM for this purpose.
3.2.2.8 Handicrafts, Bamboo Marketing and Exports
The purpose of this component is to provide and increase employment opportunities,
preservation and introduction of new designs and mechanisation of bamboo‐based crafts
as living heritage and to assist in marketing these products. The main objectives of this
component are:
a) Introduction of Grading systems for round and primary processed bamboo;
b) Introduction of preservative methods (both conventional and chemical) according to
use;
c) Conversion of niche bamboo handicrafts products to mass products;
d) Introduction of utility handicrafts through industrialised means;
e) Setting up of bamboo wholesale and retail markets near villages;
f) Marketing through Bamboo Festivals, Melas, Expos, Craft Bazaars, bamboo markets
and introduction of an effective Electronic Information Flow system.
3.2.2.9 Bamboo Wholesale & Retail Markets near Village Level Micro Processing Units
Bamboo Wholesale/Retail Markets were planned to be set up all over the country. These
markets, apart from other facilities were supposed to have a computer and
V‐SAT facilities. These markets, apart from trading activities, were also expected to keep
track of the market information related to various bamboo products and thus, the farmers
and the primary processors would have direct access to such information and data which in
turn would help them to plan their activities well ahead. These markets could also be set up
and maintained by the community themselves or in partnership with the State
Governments.
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3.2.2.10 Bamboo Bazaars
Bamboo Bazaars were to be put in place throughout the country. Adjacent to these
Bamboo Bazaars, information centres were also proposed. These Bazaars also would have
computers, V‐SAT facilities for keeping track of various demand and supply of bamboo
products, costs, user industries etc. These Bazaars could be set up and maintained by the
community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. The State Marketing
Boards could also take up this activity.
3.2.2.11 Retail Outlets (Showrooms)
To popularise various Bamboo handicrafts products including processed shoots, Retail
Outlets (Show‐room) were also planned to be established in 10 metros. These outlets
would also have V‐SAT facilities.
3.2.2.12 Participation in Domestic and International Trade Fairs
In order to popularise and market the various bamboo products, it was planned to
encourage participants from different states in national and international level trade fairs
3.2.2.13 Market Surveys
Although a large number of market surveys have been conducted in recent times on high
value and up‐market bamboo products, yet there remains a massive gap to address the
needs, requirements and profitability of low and medium value bamboo products that are
being made. This is all the more necessary in view of the fact that all financial institutions
and banks while appraising project proposals, lay stress on the marketability of the
products to be produced. As such, it would be in track to conduct a market survey specially
related to bamboo products like tooth picks, window blinds, cotton ear buds, skewers and
the like, which have been conventionally made of wood in our country and the consumers
are used to it. This market survey, apart from estimating the demand‐supply chain and
present players and future demands, was also done to highlight how bamboo products
would have to be positioned and the market entry strategy thereby indicating pricing,
supply position and branding.
3.3 Cost Norms
The cost norms of assistance for various components adopted under the NBM programme
have been provided in the following table. The cost norms include an upper limit for all the
components along with a subsidy or credit linked amount.
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S. No. Programme Estimated Cost and Pattern of Assistance
1. Plantation Development (Forest Area)
Centralised Public sector
(0.25 ha)
` 2.73 lakh100% assistance subject to a maximum
@ ` 2.73 lakh per nursery Centralised Private sector
(0.25 ha)
` 2.73 lakh25% of cost subject to a maximum of ` 68000/‐ each as credit linked back ended subsidy
Kisan nursery
(0.1 ha)
` 26000/‐25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery
Mahila nursery
(0.1 ha)
` 26000/‐25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery
2. Planting Material (Non‐Forest Area)
Centralised Public sector
(0.25 ha)
` 2.73 lakh per nursery100% assistance subject to a maximum of
` 2.73 lakh Centralised Private sector
(0.25 ha)
` 2.73 lakh per nursery25% of cost subject to a maximum of ` 68000/‐ each as credit linked back ended subsidy
Kisan nursery
(0.1 ha)
` 26000/‐25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery
Mahila nursey
(0.1 ha)
` 26000/‐25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery
3. Tissue Culture Units – Public
Sector
` 21 lakh per TC unit,100% assistance to PSUs, maximum of ` 21 lakh
Tissue Culture Units – Private
Sector
` 21 lakh per TC unit50% assistance, maximum of ` 10.5 lakh
4. Captive Plantation
Forest area ` 25000/‐ per ha.100% assistance, in two equal instalments
Non‐forest area ` 16000/‐ per ha.50% of cost, maximum of ` 8000/‐ per ha.
5. Improvement of Existing Stock ` 8000/‐ per ha.100% assistance
6. Technology Transfer & HRD
Training of
farmers/entrepreneurs
` 1520/ per participant within state, ` 2500/‐outside state for seven days
Training of field functionaries ` 8000/‐ per participant for a period of seven days Demonstration of plantation
technology
50% cost subject to maximum of ` 10000/ha. for a maximum area of 0.5 ha per beneficiary
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S. No. Programme Estimated Cost and Pattern of Assistance
7. Workshop
International level 100% assistance subject to a maximum of ` 40 lakh
National level 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 5lakh State level 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 3lakh District level 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 1lakh8. Pest and Disease
Management
` 400/‐ per beneficiary per ha; 50% of cost, maximum of ` 200/‐
9. Handicraft, Marketing and Exports
Bamboo wholesale market ` 16 lakh per unit25% of cost, subject to maximum of ` 4 lakh for general areas; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum
of ` 5.33 lakh for hilly/tribal area Bamboo bazaar ` 27 lakh per unit
25% of cost, maximum of ` 6.75lakh; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 9 lakh for hilly/tribal area
Retail outlets ` 40 lakh25% of subject maximum to ` 10 lakh; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 13.33 lakh for hilly/tribal area
10. Participation in Domestic
Trade Fairs
75% of cost (` 3.75 lakh) for an event of 2 days @ ` 5 lakh per event
11. Participation in International
Trade Fairs
75% of cost (` 7.5 lakh) for an event of 5 days @ ` 10 lakh per event)
(Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi)
3.4 Financial Management
3.4.1 System of Fund Flow As per the system of fund flow, Annual Action Plans (AAPs) by the states are submitted in
the preceding financial year to the NBM Cell in Delhi. AAPs contain the tentative budgetary
requirements against each activity that the state's Nodal office plans to take up in the given
year. AAPs are area‐based, premised on existing potential for bamboo development,
available unspent balance out of previous release and capacity to absorb the funds in taking
up activities. In non‐forest areas, the committees at the district level prepare and submit
AAP to the BDA which in turn submits the same to State Level Steering Committee (SLSC). In
forest areas, AAPs are prepared by the JFMC and submitted to FDA which in turn submits
them to SLSC for finalisation. The AAP approved by the SLSC are considered by the National
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Steering Committee. AAPs are discussed in the National Steering Committee meetings and
are finalised. Hence, budgets are allocated for each state.
First instalment of the annually allocated funds is released based on last year's progress
report and Utilisation Certificate (UC) submitted by the State. Subsequent instalment is
released when previous year's audited UCs are submitted. Funds are released in two to four
instalments.
3.4.2 State Wise Fund Allocation, Release and Utilisation
The state wise details of funds allocation, release and utilisation across the components
have been shown in the following tables. In most of the states, funds disbursal started in
the year 2006‐07. In Jharkhand and Maharashtra, the process began a year later. Table
below gives the status of the funds released during the last five years in various sampled
states.
(In ` lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total
Chhattisgarh 275.34 786.98 549 427.46 567 2605
Jharkhand ‐ 100 276.6 109.14 352 837
Maharashtra ‐ 109.78 483.6 190.74 300 1084
Odisha 329.97 736.72 140.9 184.68 306 1698
Uttarakhand 261.87 387 285.5 79.5 220 1233
Arunachal Pradesh 1510.4 873.6 196 50 200 2829
Assam 1080.3 601.36 755.2 338.44 694 3469
Mizoram 865.45 1001.97 825.3 900 1737 5329
Nagaland 1316 1484.17 1370 965.34 1155 6290
Total 5639.33 6081.8 4882.1 3245.3 5531 25375
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
As per the table above, the total amount released for the nine states
(` 253.75 crore) is around 44% of the total fund allocated under NBM. It is also seen that
the maximum amount has been released for Nagaland followed by Mizoram and Assam.
Component‐wise Release of Funds
Following are the details of the funds released under various components of NBM in the
various states during each financial year:
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3.4.2.1 Centralised Nursery in Public Sector (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 43.68 43.68 40.95 40.95
Assam 43.68 43.68 10.92 10.92 5.46 5.46 37.5 37.5
Chhattisgarh 43.68 43.68 54.6 54.6 5.46 5.46
Jharkhand 7.78 7.78 27.3 21.35
Maharashtra 10.92 10.92 21.84 21.84
Mizoram 54.6 54.6 27.3 27.3 5.46 5.46
Nagaland 16.38 16.38 13.65 13.65
Odisha 27.3 27.3 136.5 136.5 5.46 5.46
Uttarakhand 38.22 38.22 2.73 2.73 5.46 2.73 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.2 Centralised Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
Assam 10.88 1.36
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand 8.6 2.41
Maharashtra
Mizoram 1.36 1.36
Nagaland 6.8 6.8 5.44 5.44
Odisha 6.8 6.8 3.4 3.4 0.68 0.68
Uttarakhand 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.3 Kisan Nursery in Public Sector (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65
Assam 0.65
Chhattisgarh 0.26 0.26 0.39 0.39
Jharkhand
Maharashtra
Mizoram 0.65 0.65 0.97 0.97 0.13 0.13
Nagaland
Odisha 0.52 0.52 0.32 0.32
Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
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3.4.2.4 Kisan Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65
Assam 0.32 0.65 0.32
Chhattisgarh 0.26 0.26 0.58 0.58 0.32 0.32
Jharkhand
Maharashtra 0.13 0.13 0.52 0.52
Mizoram 0.65 0.65 0.97 0.97 0.13 0.13
Nagaland 0.65 0.65 1.04 1.04
Odisha 0.52 0.52 0.65 0.65
Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.5 Mahila Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 0.39 0.39 0.32 0.32
Assam 0.32 0.65 0.32
Chhattisgarh 0.26 0.26 0.65 0.65 0.32 0.32
Jharkhand
Maharashtra 0.13 0.13 0.52 0.52
Mizoram 0.65 0.65 0.78 0.78 0.13 0.13
Nagaland 0.65 0.65 1.04 1.04
Odisha 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65
Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.6 Plantation in Forest Area (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
Maximum amount of funds for plantation is released for Nagaland and thus, maximum plantation done in districts of Nagaland.
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 714.25 714.25 377.5 377.5 71.26 75 12.5 12.5 157.5 157.5
Assam 720 720 275 275 219.6 219.62 368.8 37.5 514.9 326.75
Chhattisgarh 216 216 312.5 312.5 281.9 281.87 141.3 140.4
Jharkhand 52.22 52.22 104 86.5 134.5 106.25
Maharashtra 37.5 37.5 350 208.75 95 30 75 56.25
Mizoram 625 625 569.5 569.5 187 187 375 375 737.5 737.5
Nagaland 900 900 937.5 937.5 375 375 372.5 372.5 688 502.29
Odisha 172 172 175.9 175.87 5 5 191.3 137.5 125 82.5
Uttarakhand 209 209 274.3 274.25 25 62.5 62.5 124 88.75
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3.4.2.7 Plantation in Non‐Forest Area (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.8 Maintenance of Plantation raised in previous year in Forest Area (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 377.5 94.5 353.5
Assam 275 275 219.6 219.62 37.5 37.5
Chhattisgarh 312.5 278.08 281.9 242.18
Jharkhand 68.75 41.98 104 31.56 129.4 59.41
Maharashtra 68.42 105.62 30 15
Mizoram 569.5 494.25 187.5 187.5 375 375
Nagaland 937.5 937.5 314 314 372 372
Odisha 175.9 122.88 57.99 3.42 191.6 191.57
Uttarakhand 274.3 273.84 62.5 62.5 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.9 Maintenance of Plantation raised in previous year in Non‐Forest Area (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 360 360 308 308 12 12 4 4 39.52 39.4
Assam 80 40 20 40
Chhattisgarh 40 40 80 80 120 90.8
Jharkhand 20.48 10.24 0.49 8
Maharashtra 12 12 80 45.44 40.72 24.51 80 18.97
Mizoram 160 160 60 60 20 20 100 100 64 64
Nagaland
Odisha 70 70 40 40 2 2 13.2 5.6
Uttarakhand 4 4 4 10 10 20 10
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 308 162.5 12
Assam
Chhattisgarh 40 80 74.08
Jharkhand 0.49 0.28
Maharashtra 32.04 17.9 41.56 16.76
Mizoram 60 60 20 20 100 100
Nagaland
Odisha 40 42 34.03 7.97 7.97
Uttarakhand 4 4 10 8.6
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3.4.2.10 Improvement of Existing Stock (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.11 Post Harvest Storage and Treatment (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.12 Training of Farmers within State (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam 160 160 126.4 126.4 115.7 115.68 78.8 29.8 188 108
Chhattisgarh 160 160 32 32 40 40 11.52 11.18
Jharkhand 39.5 39.5 70 45.57 27.52 19.7 80 64.19
Maharashtra 64 64 24 80
Mizoram 144 144 16 16 75.52 75.52 201.6 201.6
Nagaland 182.32 182.32 200 200 100 100 201.8 121.76
Odisha 240 240 3.2 14.72
Uttarakhand 1.6 1.6 40 40 16
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam 20 20 20 20 20 20
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Maharashtra 20 17.56 20
Mizoram 20 20
Nagaland 40 40 20 20 40 40
Odisha
Uttarakhand 40 40
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 6.08 6.08 16.41 16.41 3.04 1.34 1.52
Assam 3.04 3.04 18.75 18.75 16.41 9.11 1.48 10.95 3.42
Chhattisgarh 1.36 1.36 7.6 7.6 6.08 6.08 3.05 3.05 1.53 1.52
Jharkhand 1.14 1.14 1.56 1.56 1.52
Maharashtra 1.52 1.52 4.86 4.86 1.52 0.83 6.08 6.08
Mizoram 4.25 4.25 12.16 12.16 6.08 6.08 1.49 1.49 3.24 3.24
Nagaland 1.1 1.1 31.92 31.92 7.66 7.66
Odisha 12.16 12.16 3.8 3.8 1.52
Uttarakhand 1.82 1.82 12.92 12.92 0.54 0.54 0.55
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3.4.2.13 Training of Farmers outside State (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.14 Training of Field Functionaries (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.15 Demonstration of Technology (in ` Lakh)
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 4.92 4.92 20 20 2.5
Assam 2.5 2.5 10 10 15 10 1.25 12.8 2
Chhattisgarh 2 2 2.5 1.25 1.25
Jharkhand 1.25 1.1 1.25
Maharashtra 0.62 0.62 2.5 0.25 1.25 5
Mizoram 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
Nagaland 2.6 2.6 5 5
Odisha 2.5 2.5 1.25 1.25 1.25
Uttarakhand
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 16.64 16.64 40 40 4
Assam 8 8 28 28 16.32 12.8 4 16.24 3.2
Chhattisgarh 3.2 3.2 1.6 1.6 4 4 4 4 1.6 1.6
Jharkhand 4 2.92 1.6 0.4
Maharashtra 5.28 5.28 12.8 12.8 4 28 6.48
Mizoram 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 5.6 5.6
Nagaland 2.4 2.4 4.32 4.32 4 4
Odisha 8 8 8 8 1.6
Uttarakhand 1.6 1.6 15.2 15.2 4 2.77 1.2
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 2 2 2 2 2
Assam 2 2 8 8 5 5 2.5 0.5 0.5
Chhattisgarh 3 3
Jharkhand
Maharashtra 7 7 1 1 2.5
Mizoram 1.6 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5
Nagaland
Odisha 2.2 2.2
Uttarakhand 2.6 2.6 1
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3.4.2.16 Workshop/Seminar at State Level (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 3 3 6 6 3
Assam 3 3 3 3 6 3 3
Chhattisgarh 3 3 3 3 3
Jharkhand 3 1.49 3 3
Maharashtra 3 3 3 3 3 6 3
Mizoram 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Nagaland 3 3 6 6 3 3 3 3
Odisha 3 3 3 3 3
Uttarakhand 3 3 3 3 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.17 Workshop/Seminar at District Level (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 10 10 20 20 10 4 4
Assam 3 3 27 27 30 20 7 1 15 15
Chhattisgarh 3 3 6 6 6 6
Jharkhand 2 2 2 2
Maharashtra 16 16 25 25 8 3 6 0.9
Mizoram 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3
Nagaland 11 11 5 5
Odisha 10 10 30 30 10
Uttarakhand 3 3 3 3(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.18 Participation in Domestic Trade Fairs (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75
Assam 7.5 7.5 7.5 3.75
Chhattisgarh 3.75 3.75
Jharkhand 3.75
Maharashtra 3.75 3.75 3.75 2.7
Mizoram 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75
Nagaland 3.75 3.75 7.5 7.5 3.75 3.75 3.75
Odisha 2 2 3.75 1
Uttarakhand 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
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3.4.2.19 Pest and Disease Management (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh 14 14 7.7 7.7 6 0.2 0.2
Assam 0.37 0.37 0.92 0.92
Chhattisgarh 1 1 6.25 6.25
Jharkhand
Maharashtra 0.2 0.2 0.34
Mizoram 20 20 10 10 2 2
Nagaland 3.5 3.5 12 12 11.83 11.83 12 12
Odisha 7.8 7.8
Uttarakhand 0.4 0.4 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.20 Innovative Intervention (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam 43 23 23 10 33 12
Chhattisgarh 200 200 300 205
Jharkhand 15.5 7.4 25
Maharashtra 48 47.5 25.3 5 28 20
Mizoram 25 25 12 12 162.3 152.28
Nagaland 8 8
Odisha 25 16
Uttarakhand 5 16.65 15.65 1.94 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
3.4.2.21 Bamboo Wholesale and Retail Market near Village (in ` Lakh)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 21.23
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand 8
Maharashtra 8 6.06 8
Mizoram 26.65 26.65
Nagaland 15.99 15.99 13.33 13.33
Odisha 12 2
Uttarakhand 10 10 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
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3.4.2.22 Year wise release and expenditure of BTSGs (in ` Lakh)
BTSG Name 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11
Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp.
BTSG (Kerala) 0.00 0.00 30.22 30.22 32.15 32.15 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
BTSG (Dehradun)
0.00 0.00 34.30 34.30 28.82 28.82 0.00 0.00 5.00 4.90
CBTC (Guwahati)
91.95 91.95 100.20 100.20 130.84 130.84 76.96 72.47 45.00 28.80
Total 91.95 164.72 191.81 76.96 60.00(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
*Rel ‐ Release Exp ‐ Expenditure
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CHAPTER‐4: PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS
The major interventions taken up under NBM include plantation on forest and
non‐forest lands, developing planting material through nursery raising and TC, promotion of
bamboo based handicraft, post harvest management, marketing, capacity building,
stakeholders’ participation, research and development, etc. The national scenario of NBM
programme is presented in the following pages along with key observations and findings
from the studied projects covering 2 districts in each of the 9 states.
A. National Scenario
The National Bamboo Mission aims at the holistic development of the bamboo sector in
India. The thrust of the Mission is on an area based regionally differentiated strategy for
both forest and non‐forest areas. A number of activities are being supported for increasing
productivity and quality of bamboo by increasing area under bamboo cultivation, mass
production of superior quality planting stock of high yielding species of bamboo,
improvement of the existing stock, pest and disease management, improved post harvest
management and development and up‐gradation of marketing facilities. The Mission made
comprehensive performance during the Plan period which can be seen in the table given
below:
Table: Statement showing State‐wise Major Component‐wise Total Physical Achievement
during 2006‐07 to 2011‐12 under NBM (till 31‐3‐2012)
S. No.
States Nursery (in nos.) Trained Farmers
Field Functionaries Centralised Kisan Mahila Total
1 Andhra Pradesh 10 0 0 10 87 19
2 Bihar 1 0 0 1 423 60
3 Chhattisgarh 38 28 29 95 1421 180
4 Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Gujarat 5 3 0 8 111 141
6 Himachal Pradesh 6 2 3 11 146 108
7 J & K 8 22 6 36 347 94
8 Jharkhand 20 0 0 20 228 70
9 Karnataka 10 3 1 14 194 82
10 Kerala 2 1 1 4 320 100
11 Madhya Pradesh 5 1 1 7 850 100
12 Maharashtra 12 10 10 32 915 307
13 Odisha 78 31 30 139 1200 200
14 Punjab 22 0 0 22 0 0
15 Rajasthan 39 9 18 66 2051 92
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S. No.
States Nursery (in nos.) Trained Farmers
Field Functionaries Centralised Kisan Mahila Total
16 Tamil Nadu 11 1 1 13 3700 380
17 Uttar Pradesh 10 9 8 27 557 130
18 Uttarakhand 18 0 0 18 1010 310
19 West Bengal 11 10 8 29 115 0
SUB‐TOTAL 306 130 116 552 13675 2373
NE STATES
20 Arunachal Pradesh 41 40 17 98 2577 708
21 Assam 22 0 0 22 3805 750
22 Manipur 30 33 33 96 1980 323
23 Meghalaya 17 8 9 34 857 319
24 Mizoram 34 54 48 136 1943 275
25 Nagaland 34 26 26 86 3848 330
26 Sikkim 27 19 35 81 1259 127
27 Tripura 55 46 73 174 6924 506
SUB‐TOTAL (N.E.) 260 226 241 727 23193 3338
GRAND TOTAL 566 356 357 1279 36868 5711
(Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi)
Table: Statement showing State‐wise Major Component‐wise Total Physical Achievement
during 2006‐07 to 2011‐12 under NBM (till 31‐3‐2012)
S. No.
States Plantation (in ha.)
Improve‐ment of existing stock (in
ha)
Tissue Culture Labs (nos.)
Bamboo Bazaar (nos.)
Retail outlet (nos.)
Wholesale & Retail Market (nos.)
Forest Non‐forest
1 Andhra Pradesh 1041 62
2 Bihar 2185 750 1148
3 Chhattisgarh 6749 4753 3044
4 Goa 0 0 0
5 Gujarat 4411 796 1180
6 Himachal Pradesh
2116 923 485
7 J & K 185 85 50
8 Jharkhand 3832 12 3009
9 Karnataka 7521 138 1700 1
10 Kerala 1244 0 0 1
11 Madhya Pradesh 2180 33 2200
12 Maharashtra 2660 2523 800 2
13 Odisha 5895 2315 3000 1
14 Punjab 1800 530 500
15 Rajasthan 3041 1840 0
16 Tamil Nadu 0 2369 160
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S. No.
States Plantation (in ha.)
Improve‐ment of existing stock (in ha.)
Tissue Culture Labs (nos.)
Bamboo Bazaar (nos.)
Retail outlet (nos.)
Wholesale & Retail Market (nos.)
Forest Non‐forest
17 Uttar Pradesh 2902 1478 800
18 Uttarakhand 4240 600 520 1
19 West Bengal 130 260 107
SUB‐TOTAL 52132 19467 18703 0 1 2 3
NE STATES
20 Arunachal Pradesh
5743 9193 0
21 Assam 9751 0 6739 2 2 1 1
22 Manipur 8410 5798 2400
23 Meghalaya 4757 817 553
24 Mizoram 22606 9700 6476 2 1
25 Nagaland 24224 4524 11329 2 3
26 Sikkim 3459 7064 2114 2
27 Tripura 3430 3560 3611
SUB‐TOTAL (N.E.)
82380 40656 33222 2 4 4 6
GRAND TOTAL 134512 60123 51925 2 5 6 9
(Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi)
As evident in the above tables, NBM has made an all‐round progress towards achieving its
objectives. A network of nurseries, including centralised nursery and Mahila/Kisan nursery,
was established across the country to ensure that adequate quantity of elite cultivars of
bamboo are available to the farmers. This helped in expansion of area which was more than
envisaged. During the Plan duration, bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of
194635 ha against the envisaged target of 176000 ha which is an increase of around 10%.
Similarly, an impressive progress was made towards improving the existing stock of
bamboo in the country, capacity building of farmers & field functionaries, bamboo bazaar,
retail outlets and wholesale retail market, etc.
The component wise progress made during the Plan period under the NBM is given below:
4.1 Planting Material Development
4.1.1 Centralised Nurseries
Disease free planting material of elite cultivars is a key to the development of bamboo
sector in the country. Establishment of Centralised Nursery with the capacity of producing
disease free 50000 saplings per unit a year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of
planting material. It was envisaged to establish around 345 Centralised nurseries across the
country during XI Plan. The issue has been adequately addressed under NBM as around 566
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centralised nurseries were established in the country for producing disease free planting
material of elite cultivars which 64% more than the planned target. Of this, 54% of the
nurseries have been established in the States other than North Eastern region and around
46% in North East region. These nurseries have overall capacity to produce 28.3 million
saplings annually.
Figure: State‐wise Establishment of Nurseries in the Country
Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the
BDAs and thus establishment of Centralised Nursery was the main focus. Around 78 (in
number) has been established in the State of Odisha followed by 55 in Tripura, 41 in
Arunachal Pradesh, 39 in Rajasthan and 38 in Chhattisgarh, 34 each in Mizoram & Nagaland
and 30 in Manipur.
4.1.2 Mahila and Kisan Nursery
Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme.
The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step
forward to enhance community participation in the implementation of NBM scheme. The
main objective of such nurseries is to produce 5000 and 10000 saplings respectively per
unit per year. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of
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nursery growers. It was planned to establish 160 such nurseries (80 Kisan nurseries & 80
Mahila nurseries) during the XI Plan. The Mission succeeded in establishing around 713
such nurseries (356 Kisan and 357 Mahila nurseries) throughout the country which was
more than 4 times the envisaged targets. In Tripura, 119 such nurseries have been
established (46 Kisan & 73 Mahila nurseries respectively), followed by 102 nurseries in
Mizoram and 61 nurseries in Odisha. However, the concept of Mahila and Kisan nurseries
(decentralised) could not be initiated in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand,
Uttarakhand and Assam.
Figure: Establishment of Community Nurseries in Major States
4.1.3 Tissue Culture (TC)
Tissue culture is a technique which could help the regeneration of large numbers of plants
in a relatively short time. It was envisaged to establish 3 TC laboratories, however, under
the Mission not many States showed interests. One of the major impediments as reported
by State Governments was insufficient financial assistance under the Mission. The only TC
laboratory established is in Assam.
4.2 Plantation Coverage
Under the programme, plantation of bamboo was taken in more than 134512 ha in forest
area against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was 52% more than the planned
target. North Eastern States were the leaders as far as coverage of bamboo plantation was
concerned. In Mizoram, 32306 ha of land were covered under bamboo plantation.
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Nagaland is the placed next to Mizoram in terms of plantation. In Nagaland, plantations
were undertaken in around 28748 ha. Arunachal Pradesh is the third largest in terms of
bamboo plantation where plantations have been taken in 14936 ha area. The other major
States where large scale plantations were undertaken are Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim,
Assam, Odisha, Karnataka and Tripura.
Figure: Area Expansion in Major Bamboo growing States
4.2.1. Forest Area Plantation
Bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 134512 ha since inception of the
programme against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was about 53% more than the
planned target. Nagaland leads the table as far as bamboo plantation in forest area is
concerned. The State undertook plantation of bamboo in land area of around 24224 ha.
Mizoram has done magnificent work by undertaking plantations in 22606 ha. Assam comes
third in terms of plantation with an area 9751 ha followed by
8410 ha in Manipur and 7521 ha in Karnataka. Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh,
Meghalaya and Gujarat are other States where plantations were taken on large scale.
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Figure: Area Expansion of Bamboo under Forest Area in Major States
4.2.2. Non‐Forest Area Plantation
Bamboo plantation was also undertaken in non‐forest area. During the Plan period,
bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 60123 ha across the country.
Figure: Area Expansion of Bamboo under Non‐Forest Area in Major States
In Mizoram, area covered under bamboo cultivation in the non‐forest area was the highest
amongst all the States. The State has undertaken plantation in an area of 9700 ha followed
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by Arunachal Pradesh where plantations of bamboo were undertaken in an area of 9193 ha.
Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura are other States where bamboo plantation has been
undertaken extensively.
4.3 Improvement of Existing Stock
Crafts‐persons and artisans of this country are dependent for their livelihood on handicraft
items for which a specific number of bamboo species are being used since times
immemorial. In order to improve the quality of such products, there is a need to improve
upon the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by these crafts‐people and
artisans in order to derive maximum benefits and returns. Improvement of existing stock
was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users, primarily crafts‐
persons and artisans. Funds allocated under this component are being primarily used in soil
working and fencing the vulnerable clumps. It was planned to bring around 36000 ha area
under improved bamboo stock. The programmes of improvement of existing stock were
undertaken in all the States. Under the programme, an area of 51925 ha was covered
throughout the country for improving the existing stock of bamboo. This was 44% more
than the envisaged target. Nagaland has actively taken up the activities of improving the
existing stock under which 11329 ha existing stocks were taken up. This was followed by
6739 ha in Assam and 6476 ha in Mizoram. The other major States where the activity of
improvement of existing stock was undertaken are Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
Odisha.
Figure: Improvement in Existing Stocks of Bamboo in Major Bamboo States
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4.4 Technology Dissemination
Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, publicity and training of
the trainers and farmers are an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate training is required
to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (pre and post harvest
management) for high‐yielding plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Under this
programme, training of farmers and field level workers were taken extensively throughout
the country.
Focus was given on training the farmers and field functionaries by imparting technical
know‐how for adoption of scientific measures, pre and post harvest management of high‐
yielding plantations of bamboo.
Figure: Capacity Building of Farmers and Field Functionaries in Major States
Under the programme, around 36868 farmers and 5711 field functionaries were trained on
scientific and improved production technologies. Tripura took the lead in training the
farmers and during the project duration, it trained around 6924 farmers and 506 field
functionaries. Next to Tripura is Assam where 3805 farmers and 750 field functionaries. In
Nagaland, 3848 farmers and 330 field functionaries were trained. Tamil Nadu, Arunachal
Pradesh and Manipur were other States where large scale farmers and field functionaries
were trained.
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4.5 Bamboo Bazaar
There was no organised retail system in bamboo handicrafts and products selling owing to
which NBM envisaged to set up retail /wholesale markets so that the primary producers
(farmers) can sell their produce without any hassle. These bazaars, apart from trading
activities, also keep track of the market information such as demand supply of bamboo
products, costs, user industries, etc. related to various bamboo products which is passed
on to the farmers and craftsmen which helps them to plan their activities well ahead.
Under the Programme, 5 Bamboo Bazaars were created throughout the country of which 4
were in North Eastern Region and 1 in Southern India. 2 such bazaars were established in
Assam and Mizoram respectively and 1 in Karnataka.
4.5.1. Retail Outlet
To popularise various bamboo handicrafts products including processed shoots, retail
outlets were created. The major objective was to create awareness amongst masses about
diversified bamboo products.
Under the programme, 6 outlets were established in the country. Two outlets were created
in Nagaland followed by one each in Mizoram, Assam, Kerala and Uttarakhand.
4.5.2. Wholesale Markets
Wholesale markets were envisaged under the programme with an objective to keep track
of the market information related to various bamboo products and its dissemination to the
farmers and the primary processors which in turn helps them to plan their activities well in
advance. Under the programme, 9 such markets were established across the country. 3
wholesale markets were established in Nagaland, followed by 2 each in Sikkim &
Maharashtra and 1 each in Odisha & Assam.
B. Project Status
The Mid‐Term Third Party Evaluation Study of NBM was carried out with nine states and
two districts in each of them as the study area. Following are the states and the districts
that comprised the study area.
1. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang
2. Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon
3. Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja
4. Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh
5. Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal
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6. Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal
7. Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung
8. Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj
9. Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar
The detailed findings of the study team from the studied projects along with the critical
analysis are as below.
4.6 Planting Material Development
4.6.1. Centralised Nurseries
The centralised nurseries are meant for producing sufficient quantity of planting material. A
total number of 311 centralised nurseries – both public and private ‐ have been established
in the districts covered under mid‐term evaluation study. Above 90% of the established
nurseries are centralised of which 78% have been raised by public sector agencies.
Figure: Bamboo Centralised Nursery (Pasighat)
Establishment of centralised nursery with the capacity of producing 50000 saplings per unit
per year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of planting material. 44% of the total
centralised nurseries were established in the year 2006‐07 and 43% were established in the
next financial year. Due to no funds released (refer 3.4.2.1 and 3.4.2.2, chapter 3) during
the last two financial years for establishing nursery, no nursery has been set up in the last
two years in any of the states. Maximum number of centralised nurseries has been set up in
Odisha till now; out of which 72% were set up in 2007‐08. It is to be noted that in the
subsequent years, output of nurseries established in previous years has been utilised.
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Table: Centralised Nursery (Number)
State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09
Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Sum
Arunachal
Pradesh 16 5 21 15 2 17 0 0 0 38
Assam 16 16 32 4 0 4 2 0 2 38
Chhattisgarh 16 0 16 20 0 20 2 0 2 38
Jharkhand 0 0 0 6 0 6 8 6 14 20
Maharashtra 0 0 0 4 0 4 8 8 16 20
Mizoram 20 0 20 10 2 12 2 0 2 34
Nagaland 16 0 16 5 8 13 0 0 0 29
Odisha 10 10 20 50 5 55 0 1 1 76
Uttarakhand 14 0 14 1 1 2 1 1 2 18
Total 108 31 139 115 18 133 23 16 39 311
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the
BDAs and thus, raising centralised nursery was the main focus. The reasons behind this
were quality control, easy access, ownership, availability of infrastructure, etc. However,
the centralised nurseries established in public and private sectors in most of the states
could not meet the demand and the saplings were sourced from private nurseries.
Cost norm is a concern in this component too, almost in all the states. In Odisha, since
preferred species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa nutans are done through layering
method, the physical target of 50000 saplings for central nursery in public sector is too high
with reference to the existing cost norm. BDA suggests that it should be brought down to
maximum 22750 saplings.
4.6.2. Mahila and Kisan Nursery
Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme.
The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step
forward to enhance community participation in implementation of NBM scheme. In
addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of nursery growers.
As an initiative taken in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and Odisha, equal number
of Mahila and Kisan nurseries were set up in the year 2006‐07 whereas the percentage of
Mahila nursery established in the year 2007‐08 was half that of Kisan nurseries. An opposite
trend is seen the following year when Kisan nurseries established were half of Mahila
nurseries. It has to be noted that in Odisha, the nurseries set up in 2006‐07 served for the
subsequent years also.
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The overall achievement with regard to Mahila and Kisan nurseries seems to be quite low.
Funds for this component (3.4.2.3, 3.4.2.4 and 3.4.2.5, chapter 3) were low during the initial
years and for the last two years; funds have not been given to states, with exception of
Odisha.
The concept of Mahila and Kisan nurseries (decentralised) to be established to produce
5000 and 10000 saplings respectively per unit per year could not be initiated in Assam,
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand. Raising nurseries through women
and farmers requires a clear understanding of concept and strategic approach to deal with
beneficiaries in terms of motivation and communication, capacity building, intensive follow
up, technical guidance, quality control and ensuring timely sale of the saplings. In addition,
the nurseries on private land could not take off due to inadequate financial assistance. 25%
of the cost with subject to ` 6500/‐ is quite low, seen in the background of increasing labour costs and other inputs costs. Another reason for bleak development is lack of
information among the beneficiaries.
4.6.3. Tissue Culture
The concept of tissue culture was planned to supply the quality planting material in large
quantities. No TC lab has been established in any of the states and no allotment was made
for this purpose to the BDAs. Moreover, the cost norms under the Mission (` 21 lakh/TC for PSUs and ` 10.5 lakh for private sector) are such that it is not possible to set up a TC lab. According to Aryave Biotech Pvt. Ltd. ‐ a private agency involved in tissue culture in
Uttarakhand, marketing is also a critical factor to run a TC lab on profit.
Twice funds for establishment of TC lab were released to Assam, amount being ` 21 lakh each for years 2006‐07 and 2008‐09. One TC lab has been established in Jalukbari in the
district of Kamrup. The new building structure and the equipments are in place. However,
the green house facilities have not been created. SBSC has taken a decision to run the lab
on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode but no entrepreneur has come forward.
The conventional methods of producing planting material are only being followed. High
tech method of tissue culturing has not been yet possible. Nagaland (NBDA) has taken
initiative in planting tissue cultured saplings but not setting up of TC lab.
4.6.4. Timely Supply of Saplings
It was found that saplings are distributed to the beneficiaries well on time in all the states.
In response to the query about the timely availability of saplings, almost all the
beneficiaries gave a positive reply.
In certain cases as in East Siang of Arunachal Pradesh, there has been delay of three to four
months due to non‐timely procurement of saplings by the Forest Department. During field
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visits, it was also found that beneficiaries were satisfied with delivery time of planting
material.
Figure: Bamboo Saplings Planted in East Siang (Arunachal Pradesh)
4.6.5. Future Demand of Quality Planting Material
As mentioned in the following table, there seems be a constant increase in the estimated
future demand for bamboo saplings in Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Odisha. The estimated
demand remains constant for Uttarakhand and Nagaland.
Table: Future Demand of Planting Material (no. of saplings)
States Future demand
2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14
Assam 1500000 1800000 2200000
Chhattisgarh 1200000 1400000 1600000
Maharashtra 3500000 400000 500000
Mizoram 3750000 4375000 5000000
Nagaland 3740000 3740000 3740000
Odisha 877000 1043000 1186000
Uttarakhand 1030000 1030000 1030000
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
In each of the studied districts, nearly 10% of the total beneficiaries/farmers were
interacted with. It was found that the farmers compare bamboo plantation with other
agricultural/horticultural crops and have less willingness due to a long gestation period in
case of bamboo. Complete awareness is not yet available about bamboo cultivation and its
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further usage in many areas, especially in non‐bamboo growing states including
Uttarakhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Horticultural crops like pineapple and
oranges perform well and farmers in North East are going for their cultivation. There is also
a fair demand of these crops in the region. With no paper mill or organised market for
bamboo poles, farmers do not look willing to take it up as a cash crop. Transportation to
long distances is also a big issue mainly due to the poor road infrastructure in North East
states.
In Uttarakhand, large farmers are trying bamboo by planting it around their fields. The soil
binding property of bamboo has also attracted them and they took planting bamboo as one
of the measures to check soil erosion. Once the harvest from the first bamboo crop is sold
and utilised, then perhaps there will be interest grown as perceived by the large farmers in
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
4.7 Plantation Coverage
Bamboo plantation activity was planned to be taken up on forest and non‐forest lands
covering a target of 88000 hectare each across 27 states taken up under NBM. Following is
a detailed analysis of bamboo plantation activities in 18 districts of 9 states as covered
under the mid‐term evaluation study.
Figure: Bamboo Rhizome Planted (2 yrs. old)
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4.7.1. Forest Land Plantation
BDAs in all the states except Nagaland are the forest departments and therefore, bamboo
plantation has primarily been focused upon forestlands through JFMCs.
As per the details given in the following table, nearly 16% of the total plantation was
covered during 2006‐07 of which 79% was covered in the states of Arunachal Pradesh and
Mizoram. The plantation activities during the first year could take up low or no momentum
in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Nagaland and Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand.
The plantation activity geared up during 2007‐08 covering around 37% of the total
plantation coverage in the study districts. The second year of plantation witnessed
significant increase in plantation coverage in Sarguja, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Mamit, Aizwal,
Dimapur, Mocokchung and Pauri districts whereas the same got reduced in the remaining
districts. The trend in plantation coverage shows further reduction to 22% and 24%
respectively during the years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10. The activity almost stopped during
2010‐11 covering only 80 ha of forestland in Odisha.
Table: Plantation Coverage Forestland (ha)
States 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total
Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang 300 75 30 0 0 405
West Siang 200 50 30 0 0 280
Assam
Cachar 57 60 98 50 0 265
Nagaon 0 495 100 0 0 495
Chhattisgarh
Korba 0 200 200 0 0 400
Sarguja 0 850 0 750 0 1600
Jharkhand
Chatra 0 200 200 200 0 600
Hazaribagh 0 100 82 182 0 364
Maharashtra
Chandrapur 50 50 ‐ 0 100
Yavatmal 50 50 10 0 110
Mizoram
Mamit 350 700 250 360 0 1660
Aizwal 550 850 350 450 0 2200
Nagaland*
Dimapur 0 350 600 210 0 1160
Mokokchung 0 1000 1191 650 0 2841
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States 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total
Odisha
Bolangir 140 60 0 60 60 320
Mayurbhanj 0 85 0 70 20 175
Uttarakhand
Pauri 150 340 100 0 590
U S Nagar 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1747 5415 3131 3082 80 13365
(Source: State Project Implementing Agency) *Nagaland–Community owned land is included under Forest Land. Hence, no plantation in Non‐
forest Land
As indicated in the graph above, maximum plantation has taken place in Mokokchung
covering almost one‐fourth of the total plantation area. Of all the nine states, maximum
amount of fund released for plantation in forest area is for Nagaland (refer 3.4.2.6,
chapter 3). Mokokchung is followed by Aizwal, Mamit, Dimapur and Pauri districts covering
20%, 15%, 11% and 5% respectively. The plantation in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha is less
than 2% whereas the same could not be taken up in Udham Singh Nagar district in
Uttarakhand due to non‐availability of forest land.
An area covered under bamboo plantation in the studied 18 districts in 9 states represents
nearly 15% contribution to the total target of 88000 ha during X and XI plans. The low
plantation coverage is correlated to many aspects including the initiatives taken by the
implementing agencies, approach and strategies, regular and timely fund flow, availability
of forestlands, demand and supply of bamboo in the area, interest of JFMCs, cost norms
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laid down under NBM, enabling environment at the state/district level in favour of bamboo
plantation, etc. The districts in Nagaland and Mizoram have got multiple advantages
amongst the ones mentioned above to achieve the higher targets as compared to the
others. Udham Singh Nagar has limited area available for forestland plantation.
Figure: Plantation in Forest land in Uttarakhand
The other factors responsible for low achievement of planned targets in plantation
coverage include unavailability of adequate funds and irregular and untimely fund flow to
the implementing agencies. As seen in table 3.4.2.6 (chapter 3), the lowest amount for
plantation released is for Maharashtra and thus, very low plantation coverage. Late supply
of saplings is one of the factors for low achievement. In certain other cases, sapling quality
was too low to be accepted by the farmer. For instance, a complete lot of saplings procured
by the Pasighat Forest Division was wasted because the beneficiaries did not accept it, the
reason being poor survival rate. Hence, no plantation could take place. Due to lack of
mechanism to check the quality of planting material, such instances of wastage are
common. Jungle clearance before plantation is an uphill task as also management of
plantation areas. These two constraints are shared by the functionaries in Nagaland. An
important aspect in case of Arunachal Pradesh is non‐provision of fencing material.
Plantations are prone to mithun (a revered bovine) and cow. They destroy the saplings and
rhizomes planted.
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In Odisha, major factors that contained area expansion in forest lands include lack of
separate provisions for fencing and watering, inadequate cost norm to provide proper
fencing and watering and micro‐irrigation component provided in the programme is not
permissible for this plantation. Since plantation activities involve preliminary operations
(PO) like site preparation and nursery raising one year in advance, the non‐provision of
funds for PO one year in advance hampers the timely execution of various time bound
planting operations.
FDAs in many of the states are of the opinion that the cost norm of ` 25000 per ha on forestlands is inadequate to carryout plantation activities. In fact, the cost norm was
probably estimated on the prevailing wage rates before 2006 when the wage rates were
less than ` 60/day which are almost doubled currently under NREGS, that is ` 120/day.
The quality of bamboo plantation was found good especially in North Eastern states as
compared to the non‐bamboo growing states including Uttarakhand. In fact, 20% of the
plantation (2006‐07) in Nagaon district has reached a maturity level. However, in other
states, it is likely to take 2‐3 years more to reach the maturity stage.
Figure: Bamboo Plantation in Pasighat East Siang (Arunachal Pradesh)
The forest departments in almost all states except Nagaland where BDA is a non‐forest
department, has involved JFMCs in the programme. Initially, JFMC members involved in the
programme felt as an employment opportunity but they have more clarity at this stage
about their role, responsibility, plantation protection & management, future planning,
benefit sharing, etc. The JFMC members in Pauri district in Uttarakhand have planned
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strategies to protect the plantation from wild life whereas JFMC in Nagaon district in Assam
has started thinking on various marketing channels to earn more profit. The interest of
JFMCs in many of the states will further increase once they harvest the fruits from the first
plantation.
4.7.2. Non‐Forest Land Plantation
Out of the total area covered under non‐forest land, 18% was planted in 2006‐07 with
majority of it being in Aizwal district of Mizoram. In subsequent years, this remained almost
constant for the next three years in the range of 26% to 28%. Aizwal and Mamit are the two
districts in which maximum plantations have taken place and they account for 56% of the
total plantation.
Plantation in Non‐Forest Land in ha (2006‐11)
2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total
Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang 0 100 265 0 0 365
West Siang 0 130 265 0 0 395
Assam
Cachar 0 18 8 0 0 26
Nagaon 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chhattisgarh
Korba 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sarguja 0 0 182 96 0 278
Jharkhand
Chatra 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hazaribagh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maharashtra
Chandrapur 0 22 19 9 0 50
Yavatmal 0 20 20 10 0 50
Mizoram
Mamit 51 186 80 350 0 667
Aizwal 300 189 70 375 0 934
Nagaland
Dimapur 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mokukchung 0 0 0 0 0 0
Odisha
Bolangir 20 37 15 0 0 72
Mayurbhanj 209 57 0 0 0 266
Uttarakhand
Pauri 0 0 0 0 0 0
U S Nagar 0 30 0 65 0 95
Total 580 789 924 905 0 3198 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)
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An instance of how states are promoting plantation in non‐forest areas may be seen in
Sarguja (Chhattisgarh). Out of 1530 beneficiaries in the district, 560 were given 130 saplings
each in the year 2008‐09. In the subsequent year, 750 beneficiaries were given 45 saplings
each, 100 beneficiaries were given 20 saplings each and another 120 beneficiaries were
given 25 saplings each. Assistance at the rate of ` 10 (cash) per sapling (after deducting cost of sapling) was also given. In Pauri, no plantation took place on non‐forest land as there are
no Village Forest Committees. In Nagaland, only forest land (which is owned by community)
has been brought under purview of NBM. NBDA ‐ the state’s nodal agency for NBM, only
takes up plantations in such community owned lands.
An area covered under bamboo plantation on non‐forest land in the studied 18 districts in 9
states represents less than 4% contribution to the total target of
88000 ha during X and XI plans. With a view to bring out bamboo from the confines of
forest lands and promote its cultivation as an economic activity, assistance of
` 8000 per hectare is provided to a grower for plantation in non‐forest area. Though there are not very specific records available, through interactions and field visits it has been
found that awareness about bamboo cultivation has grown in the two districts of
Uttarakhand. The farmers in Uttarakhand have planted bamboo seeing it not as a high
return yielding crop but have planted it on an experimental basis and also seeing its
ecological benefits as prevention of soil erosion. Many do not prefer to plant it on their
fertile lands.
There still is scepticism about its adoption in non‐bamboo growing states due to low or no
existence of backward and forward linkages, post‐harvest and marketing infrastructure.
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Moreover, low financial assistance has not been able to encourage individual farmers to
take this up. Bleak interest of agencies responsible for plantation in non‐forest areas, as
departments of Horticulture and Agriculture, has also contributed to low adoption in non
forest areas.
4.7.3. Major Species Planted
NBM recommends thirteen (13) species to be adopted for plantation. It is seen that
bamboo growing states in the North‐East are favourable for growth of variety of bamboo
whereas Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh provide favourable
growth conditions to only one species, i.e. D.strictus, B. tulda, B. pallida, Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii are more common species in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram.
Table: Major Species Planted
States Forestland Non‐forestland
Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3
Arunachal
Pradesh
B. tulda B. pallida, Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii
B. tulda Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii
Assam B. pallid Mellocana
baccifera
(muli)
Dendrocalamus
hamiltonii
B. pallida Mellocana
baccifera (muli)
Chhattisgarh D.
strictus
D.
strictus
Jharkhand D.
strictus
D.
strictus
Mizoram B. tulda B.
bamboos
D. hamiltonii B. tulda B. bamboos D.
hamiltonii
Maharashtra D.
strictus
D.
strictus
Nagaland B. tulda D.
hamiltonii
B. tulda
Odisha Bambusa
vulgaris
Bambusa
nutans
D. strictus Bambusa
vulgaris
D. strictus
Uttarakhand D.
strictus
‐
There is an obvious interest in fast growing species of bamboo and also in the ones that can
be propagated through rhizomes. It has been found that rhizome plantation is a more
preferred method than sapling. Also, rhizome grows fast and yields better culms. It even
needs less care than saplings. It is to be noted that new species introduced (distributed to
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beneficiaries) could not perform better than the indigenous ones. There was no special
treatment given to the newly introduced species without which they could grow in natural
conditions.
4.7.4. Sources of Planting Material
Major source of saplings to the beneficiaries are the forest nurseries. Private nurseries too
are meeting the demands of the forest departments since forest nurseries could not be
developed to meet the growing demand. Tissue cultured saplings were planted in Nagaland
in the year 2010 in various pockets. These saplings were sourced from a private lab in
Assam. BDA in Uttarakhand also purchased saplings on two occasions from Aryave Biotech
Pvt. Ltd., a tissue culture lab. Survival rate of TC saplings has been found to be much better
and also these saplings have shown faster growth rates.
Table: Sources of Planting Material
States Forest Department’s
Nursery
Private
Nursery
Tissue Cultured
Saplings
Arunachal Pradesh Y (yes) Y N (no)
Assam Y Y N
Chhattisgarh Y N N
Jharkhand Y N N
Mizoram Y N N
Maharashtra Y N N
Nagaland N Y Y
Odisha Y N N
Uttarakhand Y N Y
Procurement of sapling from outside agency is common but the quality of material remains
a big issue. Since there are no clear guidelines on certification of material, the mechanism is
far from development. It is found that funds released for quality certification of planting
material are almost nil during the five year’s period. Ambiguity persists about the species
planted not only among the beneficiaries but also among the forest department. Private
nurseries under NBM ‐ centralised and decentralised nurseries (mahila & kisan) ‐ are yet to
be operational to be the source of saplings.
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Figure: Bamboo Nursery 4.7.5. Use of Micro‐Irrigation
There is a provision of micro‐irrigation under the Mission. Assistance of an amount of ` 20,000 towards installation of irrigation systems per hectare is provided, subject to a ceiling
of 4 ha., depending on actual and emerging needs of the areas identified for plantation. The
concept of micro‐irrigation was not implemented in any of the states.
It is seen that even funds for micro‐irrigation have not been allocated in most of the states
in most of the years. During interactions, it was also found that micro‐irrigation was not a
need for most of the states. The fund allocation under this norm may be readjusted to
increase the assistance under quality saplings procurement and fencing needs.
4.7.6. Management of Pest and Diseases
An amount of ` 200 per hectare is provided as one time grant from the NBM for the
purpose of treatment for pest and disease. Pest and disease attack is very uncommon in the
districts of the states studied. This grant may be readjusted under the cost norms.
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4.7.7. Survival Rate
Bamboo is a hardy plant and most of its species survive if the initial protection from
physical damage is provided. It hardly gets affected by any disease. Favourable soil and
optimum irrigation after transplantation are two other factors that govern its growth.
North East is a natural habitat of bamboo and survival rate of saplings is 75% in the
Mizoram. But in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh, survival rate has been 50% on an
average. It is the highest in Mayurbhanj and bamboo grew very well in Bolangir also with a
survival rate of 80%.
Table: Survival Rate (%age)
States Survival rate
Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang 60
West Siang 40
Assam
Cachar 60
Nagaon 70
Chhattisgarh
Korba 60
Sarguja 72
Jharkhand
Chatra 45
Hazaribagh 90
Maharashtra
Chandrapur 55
Yavatmal 50
Mizoram
Mamit 75
Aizwal 75
Nagaland
Dimapur 70
Mokokchung 75
Odisha
Bolangir 80
Mayurbhanj 90
Uttarakhand
Pauri 60
U S Nagar 60
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The reasons for low rate of survival in various states may be summarised as below –
a) Arunachal Pradesh
Small saplings were grazed by goats and cows. Rhizomes planted were destroyed
by animal mithun (Bos frontalis). Since no provision of fencing is available,
saplings could not be protected.
No care was taken after plantation and even clearing of weeds around the sapling
was not done. This was seen in case of plantations done in West Siang.
b) Chhattisgarh
Drought / poor rainfall
c) Jharkhand
Drought / poor rainfall
d) Maharashtra
Wild boar attack
e) Uttarakhand
Porcupine eating up the roots
Wild boar attack
Grazing
No care taken – weeding not done
As seen, most of the factors for low survival rate come under external or physical damage
to the saplings. This can be overcome through preventive measures. Provision of fencing to
avoid damages by animals is one important aspect. Funds allocated to various states under
maintenance of plantation in forest and non‐forest lands are given in table 3.4.2.8 and
3.4.2.9 in chapter 3.
Cost norms under NBM do not specify provisions for protection of plantation. Fencing is
very much essential in Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand where saplings
are highly prone to damage by wild animals. Readjustments in cost norms under various
heads may be done to provide assistance for fencing. Since there is not much scope for
micro‐irrigation system for bamboo, the cost under this may be allocated to more needed
items.
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4.8 Improvement of Existing Stock
Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to
existing users, primarily crafts‐persons and artisans. Funds allocated under this component
(3.4.2.10, chapter 3) are being primarily used in soil working and fencing the vulnerable
clumps. A review of the table indicates that Assam and Nagaland have actively taken up the
activities of improving the existing stock. The two states get regular demand of bamboo and
it is essential for them to maintain the supply by protecting their current stock.
Initiatives in Odisha on this aspect are as follows –
a) Soil working to loosen the hard soil to facilitate new shoots
b) Earth mounding to cover exposed rhizomes and protect new shoots
c) Cleaning of clump to help growth of new culms
d) Half‐moon trench for moisture conservation
e) Stone/brushwood fencing to check run off and stabilise mounded soil
In Uttarakhand, rejuvenation of exiting stock consisted of removal of entangled culm from
existing clumps and soiling of the clump.
In Mizoram, enrichment plantations have been taken up.
In Assam, under improvement of existing stock, major activity taken up is restocking.
Restocking mainly comprises of the following operations –
a) In‐felling – This is to optimise the number of bamboo clumps per hectare. Excess of
bamboo clumps are reduced and spacing too is optimised.
b) Soil working – Due to rains, soil around the clumps is washed away. Soil is worked
upon to cover the roots collar areas. This is taken up during winter season.
c) Protection from biotic interference – Barbed wire fencing in sensitive areas is
provided.
d) Thinning of clumps – Culms are reduced to ensure better growth of each culm. This
is done is two patterns – criss‐cross and horse shoe.
In almost all the states, BDAs and field functionaries have for now focused on prime
objectives of NBM, that is, area expansion under bamboo plantation. All the energies have
been on making beneficiaries adopt this programme and bringing maximum area under the
coverage. Thus, not many efforts have been put into maintenance of old stock. The other
reason behind this is less number of individuals engaged in handicraft making and non‐
existence of ready demand for bamboo products.
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4.9 Post Harvesting
An important component under NBM is promotion of handicrafts, their marketing and
export. NBM appeals SBSCs to develop post harvest infrastructure in various districts along
with introducing grading system of round and primary processed bamboo and preservative
methods (both conventional and chemical) according to use.
Achievements across the states are follows –
a) Assam ‐ In Cachar, vacuum pressure plant established under FDA during
2010‐11.
b) Mizoram ‐ Storage and treatment facility.
c) Nagaland ‐ Introduction of vacuum pressure impregnation treatment and concrete
dipped treatment.
Figure: Bamboo Harvest in Dimapur (Nagaland)
NBDA houses various post‐harvest treatment and production facilities that have
been developed utilising funds under NBM as well as other programmes. Various
innovative products like bamboo toys, pens, kitchen items, napkins (from bamboo
pulp) have been developed by the technical team working under NBDA. NBDA has
also supported entrepreneurs to establish manufacturing units within its premises.
It provides funding for machines and does not charge for space and bear other costs
as well for one year.
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NBDA, in the coming years, plans to establish chipping machine in a centralised
village which can produce raw material. The news that the Paper Mill in Tuli (district
Mokukchung) is going to start operation after 20 years of closure has incited interest
in farmers to go for bamboo chip production.
d) Uttarakhand ‐ Common Facility Centre (CFC), Kotdwara (district Pauri), has
treatment facility for 20” long pole. CFC has the support of Development
Commissioner (Handicrafts) and World Food Programme and NBM. CFC has an
impregnation chamber, wood cutting machines and all other infrastructure that is
needed for producing bamboo furniture. Wastage from bamboo is utilised for
making charcoal. CFC takes up turnkey projects (as establishing bamboo houses for
Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam for tourists) and has an annual turnover of ` 1crore. Uttarakhand plans to establish one more CFC in Rishikesh. CFC has master trainers
and till now it has given training to 400 individuals. It has generated regular as well
as seasonal employment for the residents of nearby villages.
e) Chhattisgarh – Bamboo processing centres have been established in Ninbirra
(Korba) and Amgaon (East Sarguja). Out of the estimated ` 45 lakh to start a centre, ` 15 lakh is provided by NBM and ` 30 lakh by district collector’s fund which is yet to be fully operational.
Infrastructure for post harvest management is an essentiality if bamboo cultivation as an
industry has to develop. Nagaland and Uttarakhand have done good jobs, which can be
replicated by other states. In these two states, dedicated agencies with the mandate as
bamboo development – NBDA and UBFB – have been coordinating NBM implementation.
Thus, an obvious interest is seen. The situation in other states is not that promising. The
funds released under this component too have been very low (table 3.4.2.11, chapter 3). It
is necessary that industrial development departments should come forward to initiate
development with respect to infrastructure development for bamboo processing.
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4.10 Initiatives for Handicraft Promotion
In order to provide and increase employment opportunities, various mechanisms to
support individual artisans and groups have been developed state wise. The details are as
follows‐
a) Arunachal Pradesh – Department of Textiles and Handicrafts is the nodal agency
which organises trainings and supports artisans through various schemes. The
Department organises regular fairs at district level where handicrafts are sold.
b) Assam ‐ Training programme was organised at Silchar by Cachar FDA. The results of
the training programme are yet to be seen in future.
c) Chhattisgarh –Bamboo Craft Training Centres in Amgaon, East Sarguja and Nonbirra
Artisan Centre have been set up. Different articles from bamboo are made such as
soopa, basket, chatai, mats, flower pots, mobile stand, sofa, tray, etc. Regular
trainings are provided in these centres, which have helped the artisans to make new
Nagaland ‐ Harbinger of Bamboo Entrepreneurship
Nagaland with an estimated 5% of the national bamboo growing stock offers untapped
opportunity for exploiting the available resource. NBDA has initiated a number of
activities both in the areas of bamboo resource development and bamboo enterprise
development. Establishment of new captive scientifically managed plantations in 18500
hectares area (as on 2009) to augment existing resources, can be seen as an initial step
towards developing 'bamboo industry' in the state. NBDA sees market development as
the driver for bamboo cultivation and thus, lays great stress on promoting bamboo
structural applications for various constructions.
Concurring with the declaration of 2010 as the Year of Entrepreneurs by the State, NBDA
has conducted sector specific and target oriented training and capacity building
programmes. The agency supports enterprising and viable handicraft units with the
minimal machine tools requirements by way of direct assistance as technologyup‐
gradation. NBDA has supported establishment of cluster‐based units for manufacturing
of bamboo mats, charcoal and incense sticks. Micro primary processing units too are
being established that produce input resources as split bamboo for strip, sliver for mats,
flat poles and handicrafts. The processed semi‐finished products are supplied to other
secondary bamboo processing units. These initiatives ensure promotion of rural
enterprise, income and employment generation, supply of cost‐effective and quality raw
material for secondary units and effective linkage of farm and industry.
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articles. Forest Department has fully supported the SHGs in terms of materials as
well as financially.
d) Mizoram – Exposure visit and exhibitions have been organised.
e) Odisha – Artisans are sent for handicraft and design development trainings at CBTC,
Guwahati and KONBAC, Goa. Artisans are also encouraged to participate in District,
State and National level exhibitions/ trade fairs and thus, a regular promotion of
bamboo handicrafts is ensured. FDAs also promote formation of SHGs and Artisans’
Cooperatives with the assistance of revolving fund. CFCs have been established to
provide primary processing machineries.
An exclusive Bamboo Handicraft Retail Outlet has been opened at Handicraft
Bazaar, Bhubaneswar to provide round the year marketing facility. It is to be noted
that bamboo handicrafts have been exempted from taxation to provide a feasible
environment for marketing.
f) Uttarakhand – There is a focus on new design development, so regular workshops
are organised with consultant designer. Trainings are provided on handicraft making
which are high in demand. FDAs have made initiatives for ensuring backward and
forwarded linkages with the cooperatives of artisans. Artisans are trained at CFC,
Kotdwara.
Bamboo handicrafts have a niche but limited market. Unless the marketing mechanisms are
in place, it is tough to derive benefits from this activity. No data is available to show the
number of individuals joining the trainings of handicraft making. The marketing angle
suffers because of the low funds allocation. There should be regular advertisements in
dailies and magazines published on aspects of home decoration and household furniture.
Advantages of bamboo products as eco‐friendly products should be propagated at various
platforms. A continuous and sustained marketing campaign is essential to increase the sale
of bamboo handicrafts and other items of utility. ‘Productising’ bamboo is still a dream in
states like Jharkhand and Maharashtra as no activity pertaining to this is seen in these
states. BTSG, Dehradun does not have an expert on handicraft and marketing and hence, it
has no technical role. Majority of the artisans and individuals upon interaction were of the
view that they have not yet utilised full benefit of the provisions made for them under NBM
and accordingly, they wished that the programme continues for 10‐15 years as that will
help in adequacy of desired stock and with financial support from NBM, they will be able to
sustain.
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Figure: Toys made of Bamboo (NBDA, Nagaland)
4.11 Bamboo Retail/Wholesale Markets, Bamboo Bazaar, Retail Showrooms
There is no organised retail system in bamboo handicrafts and products selling. NBM
envisages that retail/wholesale markets will be set up where the primary producers
(farmers) will sell their produce. These markets can be set up and maintained by the
community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. The State Marketing
Boards can also take up this activity. The total cost of one such market has been estimated
at ` 16 lakh. Assistance will be provided to the extent of 25% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 4 lakh for general areas and 33.33% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 5.33 lakh for Hilly/Tribal area.
This has yet to take shape. Farmers are selling their produce in local, nearby markets only.
The production in many districts is not sufficient to enable the establishment of a full‐
fledged market.
Establishment of bamboo bazaar is now taking place in Nagaland (Dimapur) and in Odisha.
NBDA houses a retail shop that is being frequented by tourists and local customers. Villages
of Nagaland suffer from poor roads. Villagers demand for “bamboo roads” so that they can
take their produce as well as handicrafts to nearest city.
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In Raipur (Chhattisgarh), bamboo emporium was established in the year 2010. This store
has made a sale of ` 113000 till June 2011. Products are also sold in Delhi (Dilli Haat) as well as state level fairs and local melas. But this is small duration event.
Figure: Bamboo Retail Emporium in Chhattisgarh
A bamboo bazaar has been established in Nagaon in Assam. The bamboo bazaar is centrally
located in the city area and attracts a large number of visitors. The initiative is yet to take
shape to be fully operational.
Refining Bamboo, Improving Lives
Chhattisgarh forest department sees bamboo processing as a key employment generating
activity in the tribal areas of the state. Supported by NBM, the department has successfully
established bamboo handicrafts making units in tribal belt inhabited by Bansod, Kamar,
Birhor, Pando, Baiga and Pahadi communities. This new avenue that offers decent income
to otherwise unemployed individuals has raised economic status of the families. The
department has also opened various Bamboo Processing Centers to ensure regular
employment. In order to institutionalise bamboo processing activity, artisans groups are
being strengthened through providing trainings and establishing marketing linkages for the
finished products. By 2009, 27 Processing Centres have been established.
Artisans of Chhattisgarh participate in various exhibitions. This has not only served them as
a tool to market their products and capabilities but has also exposed them to various other
techniques and designs. Artisans put up their stalls in Dilli Haat (New Delhi), Kerala Bamboo
Fest, Trade Fair, National Malabar Craft Fare, Chhattisgarh Craft Fare, Cosmo Travel and
Tourism Fare, etc. Artisans have been awarded second prize at National Malabar Craft Fare
2008, for their beautiful and fine creations out of bamboo.
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The initiative could not pick up as a result of low cost norms. The total cost of one such
bazaar has been estimated at ` 27 lakh, which is too low in the current scenario. Depending on proposals received from Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) [DC (H)] and other
organisations, assistance is provided to the extent of 25% of the cost, subject to a maximum
of ` 6.75 lakh for general areas and 33.33% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 9 lakh for Hilly/Tribal area. This too is very low and has not incited interest of any private
entrepreneur. At least 50% assistance is what people look for in case of big investments.
4.12 Major Problems in Handicraft Promotion
To see bamboo handicrafts picking up, there are certain areas according to the states which
are to be taken care of. Below are a few problems that have been expressed by one state or
the other but they seem to be addressed across all the states.
Table: Marketing Problems in Handicrafts
States Major Problems Suggestions
Assam Problem of market facilities and uncertain net income
There should be value addition unit set up for promotion of handicrafts
Nagaland Design inputs missing
Less market accessibility
Unorganised sector with no defined supply chain
Lack of quality control
Lack of implements and tools
More implements and tools to be provided, more R & D facility to be put up
Odisha Availability of cheaper alternatives in the market, such as plastic products
No specific provision for skill up gradation training of artisans. Insufficient provisions for extension activities
Non‐availability of chemicals for treatment of bamboo in nearby markets
Non‐acceptability of the handicrafts and the high cost thereof
Non‐availability of sufficient bazaar facilities
Like farmers & field functionaries, there should be a provision for similar training for artisans as well @ ` 10,000 per artisan for a training of 45 days duration; this amount even includes wage compensation and revolving funds as well for the participants
Uttarakhand VAT is too high
Lack of information about
Bamboo handicraft should be exempted from VAT. More media campaigns and
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States Major Problems Suggestions
handicraft fair/exhibition at national and international level.
Accommodation and transportation of rural artisans is again a problem in participation
Low level of awareness
advertisements.
4.13 Beneficiary Analysis
The Mission aims at reaching out to the least privileged sections of the society including the
small and marginal farmers, SC, ST and OBC communities with benefits of the scheme
through nursery growing, bamboo plantation, handicraft activities, etc. A detailed analysis
of plantation beneficiaries is given below.
4.13.1. Social Category
As the target of the Mission is to make bamboo cultivation another source of generating
livelihoods for the marginal communities, state achievements in this regard have been
promising. As per the details given in the following table, the Mission has been able to
reach to around 60% of SCs and STs in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra whereas the same has
covered a good number of OBCs in Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Since North Eastern states
are tribal states, 100% beneficiaries are STs.
Table: Social Category (%age of total beneficiaries)
States SC ST OBC General
Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang 0 100 0 0
West Siang 0 100 0 0
Assam
Cachar 48 17 13 22
Nagaon 15 20 40 25
Chhattisgarh
Korba 2 70 28 0
Sarguja 2 70 28 0
Jharkhand
Chatra 7 4 11 76
Hazaribagh 16 2 47 35
Maharashtra
Chandrapur 50 0 50 0
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States SC ST OBC General
Yavatmal 90 0 10 0
Mizoram
Mamit 0 100 0 0
Aizwal 0 100 0 0
Nagaland
Dimapur 0 100 0 0
Mokokchung 0 100 0 0
Odisha
Bolangir 22 18 0 60
Mayurbhanj 23 17 0 60
Uttarakhand
Pauri 15 15 0 70
U S Nagar 0 0 30 70
There are different methods in different states to identify beneficiaries. Whereas in
Chhattisgarh, assistance is provided to whosoever is willing to plant, in Arunachal Pradesh
(Aalo sub‐division of West Siang), beneficiaries’ applications are scrutinised by the village
Panchayat and are forwarded to District Horticulture Officer (DHO), which takes care of
plantation on private individual land.
The objective of taking bamboo cultivation to marginal communities has been largely
fulfilled but there still is a need for a mechanism to identify a beneficiary so to ensure that
benefits reach to the needy.
4.13.2. Farmer’s Category
It is seen in Arunachal Pradesh that the benefits have reached to medium and large farmers
only, highest being 70% in East Siang. In Chhattisgarh, majority of the beneficiaries are
marginal farmers. In Uttarakhand, large farmers are the only beneficiaries on non‐forest
lands and Maharashtra too has large percentage of large farmers getting the benefits.
Table: Farmer’s Category (%age of beneficiaries)
States Marginal Farmers(<1.5 ha.)
Small Farmers (1.5 ha‐4 ha.)
Large Farmers (>4 ha.)
Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang 0 30 70
West Siang 0 100 0
Assam
Cachar 45 35 10
Nagaon 45 45 10
Chhattisgarh
Korba 100 0 0
Sarguja 90 10 0
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States Marginal Farmers(<1.5 ha.)
Small Farmers (1.5 ha‐4 ha.)
Large Farmers (>4 ha.)
Jharkhand
Chatra 45 25 30
Hazaribagh 35 40 25
Maharashtra
Chandrapur 0 80 20
Yavatmal 0 0 100
Mizoram
Mamit 70 30 0
Aizwal 70 30 0
Nagaland
Dimapur 65 35 0
Mokokchung 60 40 0
Odisha
Bolangir 50 50 0
Mayurbhanj 60 40 0
Uttarakhand
Pauri 65 35 0
U S Nagar 0 0 100
Due to lack of awareness and limited access to government offices, only limited number of
farmers could take the benefit of NBM. During focused group discussions and interactions
with the farmers, it came out that small and marginal farmers do not want to plant
bamboo; they prefer to work on field/food crops. Short gestation period and immediate
marketability of food crops are the prime reasons for this. On the other hand, large farmers
have land to spare and thus, have gone for bamboo plantations. Some have done it on their
barren lands while others as boundary plantations. However, majority of the farmers were
of the opinion that there is vast scope for bringing additional area as there are ample of
wastelands on which bamboo cultivation can be taken. Owing to time constraint, they were
not able to take full advantage of the programme.
4.13.3. Other beneficiaries
Under NBM, State Level Agencies have been entrusted the job of roping in Farmers’
Societies, NGOs, SHGs and similar entities for implementation of the Mission’s programmes
in the state. In forest areas, mainly JFMCs, Village Bamboo Development Committees
(VBDCs), Village Forest Management Committees (VFMCs) have been identified as
beneficiaries. These are registered (under either Societies Act or with Village Panchayats)
groups with members ranging from around 7 to 21 with varied constitutions comprising of
female members, head of local religious body, individuals from forest department,
panchayat head, etc.
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As per the data collected, in Nagaland, 100% beneficiaries are the VBDCs or in some cases,
Churches are the beneficiaries. A typical constitution of VBDC is 4 farmers, 2 youths (aged
between 20 to 30 years), 1 Pastor, 2 women and 2 village council members.
In Uttarakhand also, plantation in forest areas has been taken up fully (100%) by VFMCs. In
East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, 100% forest area has been planted by VFMCs. The
case is similar to that in Pauri district of Uttarakhand. Only one SHG is the beneficiary in
Dimapur. Total number of SHGs and artisans group is very low as compared to
groups/societies – just 0.4% and 2% respectively.
There is a need for coordination between the Department of Industries and/or Department
of Handicrafts and BDA. This would help in bridging the communication gap which has
resulted in low awareness about Bamboo Mission among artisans and other similar
agencies.
4.14 Capacity Building
Stakeholders’ sensitisation, orientation and capacity building is an integral part of the
Mission. Appropriate training was supposed to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption
of scientific measures (farming and post harvest management) for high yield plantations of
bamboo and harvesting of shoots.
Trainings have been imparted to resources persons (field functionaries/trainers) and
beneficiaries at different times. As per the table give below, besides basics of plantation
and nursery raising, trainings have been conducted on value addition, post harvest
management, handicrafts (basket making) and species selection. Resource agency for the
trainings have been private bodies such as Nagaon Paper Mill and Arunachal Plywood
Industries Ltd (APIL) in Arunachal Pradesh, Ganesh Craft Centre in Chhattisgarh, along with
R&D institutes, SAUs, Forest Department and regional BTSGs. Since bamboo has not been
harvested in any of the states, trainings have focused on plantation, planting material
production and pre‐harvest management. The initiatives in this regard taken in
Uttarakhand, Nagaland and Odisha seem to be of better quality as compared to others
states.
Table: Training Programmes Organised
States Major Topics Covered Resource Agency
Arunachal Pradesh Nursery raising, bamboo based industries
Nagaon Paper Mill, tissue culture lab, Amingaon bamboo industries, CBTC, Byrnihat Bamboo Industry, Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK), Chessa and APIL, Namsai
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States Major Topics Covered Resource Agency
Assam Propagation and commercial cultivation of bamboo
FDA
Chhattisgarh Bamboo plantation and making of bamboo products
Ganesh Craft Creation, Nagpur
Jharkhand a) Nursery & plantation techniques b) Value addition of bamboo c) Backward & forward market linkage
CBTC, Assam & Birsa Agril. Univ (BAU)
Mizoram Bamboo nursery and plantation techniques, pests management, handicrafts etc.
Forest Department Industry Department Bamboo Dev. Agency Individual experts
Nagaland Training on bamboo nursery, bamboo plantation, management, Post harvest management
NBDA
Odisha a) Capacity building programme on Bamboo Technology for Forest Officials
b) Priority species, Resource estimation, Plantation Development, Post‐harvest technology & Socio‐economic Livelihood potential of Bamboo
c) Capacity building programme on Bamboo Technology for Forest Officials
a) OFRC, Angul & respective Divisional headquarters
b) KFRI, Peechi, Kerala c) CBTC, Guwahati, Assam
Uttarakhand Propagation techniques, plantation techniques, management of nursery, management of plantation, importance of species. Selection of species, utilization and value addition. Bamboo Handicraft Bamboo Fruit basket development
Uttarakhand Bamboo & Fiber Development Board, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. Uttarakhand Forest Department, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology‐Pantnagar
During interaction with the beneficiaries, it was found that the trainings on plantation have
not been very informative since it consisted of basics lectures only. Farmers have always
been interested in lectures that inform them about raising their incomes. Handicraft
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trainings have been irregular and of short duration. It is to be noted that course content has
been customised according to regional and local needs. BTSGs do not have much role in
formulation of course content. It was found during the visit to FRI, Dehradun (which serves
as BTSG for 7 states) that lack of resource persons on Value Addition and Marketing makes
it impossible for the BTSG to take up these subjects for training. Low staff as a result of low
financial allocation makes organising the trainings a challenge. The cost norm on
participation in trainings (` 1520 per participant within the state and ` 2500 each outside the state of seven days for farmers and ` 8000 per participant for seven days) are no more
viable.
The initiatives lack strategic inputs with regard to capacity building of the stakeholders
involved or were expected to be involved in NBM. The approach adopted shows the initial
1‐2 times interventions with regard to sensitisation and orientation and organising
exposure visits but could not follow them up to a logical end. The approach did not follow
training needs assessment of the stakeholders, designing curriculum & training modules,
conducting training, etc. The individual and group beneficiaries lack technological,
managerial and institutional knowledge and skills with regard to pre‐harvesting and post
harvesting management.
4.15 Technology Transfer and Extension Activities
4.15.1. Extension and Communication
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) material such as manual, flyers that
mention status reports, success stories, etc. on awareness of bamboo species and its utility
was developed in most of the states. The concept of village meetings was followed in
Nagaland to sensitise the rural communities. In addition to other IEC activities, radio talk
was also organised for promotion of bamboo plantation in the state.
The literature developed and published by different state bamboo development agencies
include Banas Ropan Evam Upyogita (Bamboo Plantation and Utility) in Hindi – by FRI,
Dehradun in Uttarakhand; Infomag (monthly magazine by NBDA) in Nagaland and two fliers
in Hindi – one at the time of inauguration of bamboo emporium in Raipur and the other
one on existing schemes for artisans in Chhattisgarh. The handbook on Bamboos of
Arunachal Pradesh, Bamboo Nursery and Commercially Important Bamboo Species of
Arunachal Pradesh was developed in the state under the publications by SFRI, Itanagar.
The Radio Talk initiative of Uttarakhand sets a benchmark which others may follow. In
Nagaland, publications of NBDA supplement NBM in promoting bamboo cultivation.
Regular publications and promotions (print and radio ads) that aid to build ‘bamboo
culture’ needs to be taken up in future in all the states.
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4.15.2. Technology Transfer
The Mission intended for speedy transfer of technology across the states so as to achieve
its goal in a time bound manner. As an outcome of interaction with different stakeholders
in the studied states, 40% of states feel satisfied with the way technology transfer is taking
place whereas 60% are not satisfied. Most of the respondents feel that more thrust should
be given on extension and trainings, that too on a regular basis.
As perceived by the project level officials in Arunachal Pradesh, the genuine private
entrepreneur and NGOs need to be involved as they can enhance community participation
in transfer of technology at the field level in a better way. The officials and other
stakeholders in Assam suggest on integrated package of capacity building along with
intensive follow up and feedback mechanism. They also suggest that transfer of technology
should be in‐built in the programme itself. The stakeholders’ perceptions on speedy
transfer of technology in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Nagaland, Maharashtra focus
on intensive training, exposure and extension activities.
According to the officials in Uttarakhand and Odisha, there is a felt need for first hand
exposure and live demonstration of technologies. There should be more trainings and
seminars. Exposure visits should be organised for the employees working in the
development of bamboo sector in the state. The states also demand for more front line
demonstration, workshops for field functionaries and other capacity building programmes.
4.16 Bamboo Technical Support Group (BTSG)
The major responsibilities of BTSGs under NBM include periodic guidance/inputs to
implementation agencies on policy issues, organisational aspects, appropriate species of
bamboo suited to the region or end user, organising regional workshops on
plantation/handicraft and bamboo marketing/exports, conducting studies on different
aspects of bamboo, assisting the States in capacity building programmes, undertaking
publicity campaigns to promote the Mission objectives, documentation and dissemination
of case studies/success stories and developing network with various stakeholders and
Institutes/Organisations/Agencies, both in India and abroad. It was also expected that with
each BTSG, minimum three (3) experts having experience in bamboo plantation, handicrafts
and marketing will be engaged.
The details in the following table indicate that CBTC has taken initiatives with regard to
certification of bamboo nurseries, developing training and publicity campaign material,
organising international seminar, participation in domestic and international trade fairs,
whereas ICFRE conducted training programmes for the field functionaries and the
beneficiaries.
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BTSG’s Initiatives
BTSG States
Covered
Initiatives
Cane and
Bamboo
Technology
Center (CBTC),
Guwahati
Arunachal
Pradesh,
Assam,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Odisha,
Jharkhand
Certification of Bamboo Nurseries developed
under NBM
Training Manual Design & Printing
Centralised Publicity Campaign (news paper
advertisements, magazines, electronic media)
Organising International Level Seminars (15‐17
April, 2008, PUSA, Delhi; also Bamboo Expo)
Exposure and Educational Trip to “Bamboo
Developed Countries”
Participation in Domestic and International Trade
Fairs
Model Bamboo Handicraft units
Model Bamboo Cluster Development
Indian Council
of Forestry
Research and
Education
(ICFRE),
Dehradun
Uttarakhand
Chhattisgarh
Train farmers and field functionaries (employees of
Horticulture and Forest departments); 28 trainings have
been conducted since inception
The field level functionaries and the state officials feel that BTSGs role was limited to
participation in initial trainings only. They also find some contribution in developing
manuals. However, most of the respondents across the states are not satisfied with BTSGs
inputs. However, CBTC feels that the implementing agencies have their own decision in
terms of species selection, plantation, etc. ICFRE should improve their training on aspects of
handicraft and marketing and hire domain experts. The funding for participation is too low
and it does not encourage BTSG to organise seminars or workshops. While having
interacted with BTSG, beneficiaries and field functionaries, it was found that there exists
disconnect between the needs of the field and the deliveries of BTSG.
4.17 Research and Development
NBM envisaged that research and development will concentrate on technology generation
as appropriate to each region/state keeping in view their specific agro‐climatic and socio‐
economic conditions. Emphasis will be on effective documentation/transfer and
dissemination of technologies available in India and abroad. Four institutions were visited
and their research initiatives were enumerated. There is common focus on developing agro‐
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forestry models in all the R & D institutes. Bamboo planted as an agro‐forestry crop is a
much economically viable proposition rather than just its lone plantation.
Research projects under NBM at four R&D centres are enumerated as below –
A. Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
Title of the project: Bamboo Improvement for Rural and Tribal Communities: Integrating
Recent Technologies
Objectives: The objectives of the project were –
(i) to establish two bambusetum – one at an altitude of about 600ft for hill
bamboos and another in Dehradun for Dendrocalamaus strictus,
(ii) to establish bamboo clonal nursery at FRI, Dehradun and,
(iii) to impart training to field functionaries
Outcomes: The key deliverables of the project were as follows ‐
(i) Bamboo species were grown through various vegetative propagation
techniques
(ii) Preparation of clonal material of D.strictus and its distribution
(iii) The clonally multiplied ramets (plants) of D.strictus have been prepared in
the Shatabdi Van Vigyan Kendra, FRI, City Centre, Dehradun. These plants
were taken to six states under FRI's jurisdiction, i.e., Delhi, Haryana,
Chandigarh, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Hundred plants of
D.strictus were distributed to above mentioned states for field planting.
(iv) Various species planted in bambusetum are
Sinarundinaria falcata, Thamnocalamus falconeri, S. anceps,
T. spathiflorus, S. maling, Chinomonobambusa callosa, Phyllostachys
mannnii, Ochlandra travancorica, Pseudosasa japonica, Dendrocalamus
patellaris, Phyllostachys auruea, P. pubescens, Bambusa mulliplex.
The germ plasm of these species were distributed to farmers of U.P.,
Uttarakhand and Punjab
B. State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar
Title of the project: Studies on Crop Diversity, Growth, Productivity and Biomass on
Bamboo based Traditional Home Gardens of Different Agro‐Climatic Zones of Arunachal
Pradesh
Objectives: The key objectives of the project were‐
(i) study of diverse species of bamboo, their productivity and marketing status
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(ii) analyse the importance of various species in terms of their contribution to
bio‐diversity and end‐use
(iii) biomass estimation
Outcomes: As a result of the research, twenty seven (27) new species of bamboo were
recorded for the state.
Apart from the above project, SFRI carries out research on development of agro‐
forestry system with upland rice.
C. Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat
Title: Development of Bamboo‐based agro‐forestry models
Objective: In order to have additional short duration crop from bamboo fields and to utilise
the space, agro‐forestry models were being developed. The project was of three years and
it started in the year 2008. 12 trials were set up in areas of Assam, Nagaland and Arunachal
Pradesh. Various combinations of B. tulda, B. balcooa, B. nutans and D. hamiltonii with
assam lemon, aricanut,orange, kiwi, ginger and vegetables were tried.
Outcomes: The key finding of the project was that French bean, maize and king chilli can
grow very well with B. tulda and farmers can go for this agro‐forestry system. No paper has
been published on this research. Project Completion Report (PCR) is being made.
The problems identified in the research were that agriculture land is not made available;
farmers are not interested to give their lands. Weeds are also a major problem.
Another area of research at RFRI is Clump Management. Under this project, researchers are
working on developing techniques of clump management, which enables good growth of
the culms.
D. Indira Gandhi Agriculture University (IGAU), Raipur
Title: Bamboo based agro‐forestry model at various level in different agro‐climatic zones
Outcomes: Developed agro‐forestry models ‐
(i) Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) + agricultural crops viz; paddy and
soybean in rainy season (Kharif) followed by wheat, linseed and mustard in
winter season (Rabi) with tuber crop of turmeric based agro‐forestry model
is established and being studied and documented in the reports.
(ii) Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa nutans, B.vulgaris &
b. bambos) + pasture crops viz; grasses and range legume (Stylosanthes
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hamata) based silvipasture model is established and being studied and
documented in the reports.
Another research aspect is standardisation of harvesting and sustainable management
practices. In agro‐forestry system; mature, uneven and dead bamboo culms are harvested
in summer before rainy season crop; and while drooping, uneven and dead culms are
suggested to be harvested in October or before winter crop as a part of crop management.
The research focus has been very much keeping in mind the growers’ interest. Developing
economically viable plantation is the need and R & D institutions are taking care of that.
Bamboo Based Wasteland Development and Development of Low Cost Post Harvest
Technologies are two areas that need more research.
The major constraints experienced in implementation of R & D project is that the
contingency amount is very less because agro‐forestry system requires much labour to be
put in for intensive management of woody species and agriculture crop. Timely release of
funds is also needed.
As a feedback from the institutes, budget of the scheme should be exceeded. Salary/ wages
of supporting staff, that is, Research Associate/Research scholars/Technical Assistant etc. of
the scheme should have been linked with UGC pattern (as opted ICAR/CSRI/DBT and they
supplemented the enhanced salary) so that trained staff could stay in the project.
4.18 Administrative and Technical Setup
The administrative and technical structure of NBM ‐ ranging from the National Level Apex
Committee to Panchayat and JFMC (refer figure below) ‐ is an ideal set up to be rested with
the responsibility of implementation of this nature. At all levels, NBM seeks deployment of
experts of Departments of Forests, Agriculture, Horticulture, Rural Development,
Panchayati Raj, Commerce, Science and Technology, Small Scale Industries, etc. in various
capacities. Whereas in Forest Areas, NBM is taken care of by Forest Department; in non‐
Forest areas Department of Horticulture is the nodal agency in most of the states. NBM
seeks to cover the bamboo plantation holistically and vouches for its integration with
existing schemes of employment generation and poverty reduction. It is seen that in non‐
forest areas, District Level Agency (under BDA in each state) comprises of officials from
Agriculture/Horticulture, Forest, Rural Development and other line departments. The
District Horticulture Officer works in close coordination with Forest Development Agency in
each district. In many cases, the sources of planting material for non‐forest areas are the
nurseries of forest departments. Instances of such integration were seen in districts of
Chhattisgarh and Nagaland. It is to be noted that in East Siang district, Panchayats work in
close coordination with DHO in identifying the beneficiaries for (non‐forest areas). The
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application of assistance under NBM is vetted by the Panchayat and then forwarded to
DHO.
The structure suffers a setback for the prime reason of lack of staff. The number of
designated nodal officers for NBM in Uttarakhand is only two. In Arunachal Pradesh, it is
only one. The situation leads to under‐coverage of various aspects of the scheme and
ineffective implementation and thereby monitoring.
The set‐up demands a decent degree of coordination among various agencies. NBM is yet
to establish itself in line departments and those agencies that may serve to develop
bamboo plantation as an industry, key among whom is Small Scale Industries Department.
Though there are few instances wherein Handicrafts Promotion Board (in Uttarakhand) and
Industries Department have pitched in to contribute to NBM, such initiatives are low in
number.
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Indicative Structure of NBM
National Steering Committee on Bamboo To be headed by Secretary, DAC
Secretaries of Line Departments concerned with bamboo to be Members
Experts as Members in the field of production, processing, marketing‐value
added products
Mission Director to be the Member Secretary
National Level Apex Committee To be headed by Minister, Agriculture
Minister, Forests, Textiles, Science & Technology, Commerce, Rural
Development, Panchayati Raj, DONER, Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation
and Small Scale Industries to be Members.
Concerned Ministers of select States to be Members
Member (Environment and Forests), Planning Commission to be Member
Experts as Members in the field of production, processing, marketing‐value
added products
Mission Director
National Bamboo Cell Mission Director for Bamboo Development Support Staff
Bamboo Technical Support Group
State Bamboo Steering Committee Headed by Secretary, Environment & Forest/Agriculture/Horticulture Director, Environment & Forests/Agriculture/Horticulture to be the Member Secretary
Bamboo Development Agency Director, E&F/Agriculture/Horticulture to be the Mission Director
Forest Development Agency Will implement in Forest/Non‐forest areas at the District level
Activity SHG Groups
Federation/District Bamboo Development Agency (BDA)
Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC)
Panchayat
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CHAPTER‐5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Following are the major conclusions and recommendations that may be considered for
taking mid‐course correction.
5.1 Planting Material
5.1.1 Peoples’ Involvement
The major focus has been laid on Centralised Nurseries promoted by BDAs to meet the
demand of planting material. This has marginalised the involvement of local people (Mahila
and Kisan) in raising nurseries. The approach on the one hand, narrows the scope for
developing local skills and entrepreneurship and on the other, reduces the chances of
improving livelihood opportunities of the target communities. Therefore, it is
recommended that more number of local people should be involved in raising nurseries by
equipping them with technical know‐how and improving their entrepreneurial skills,
modifying cost norms and developing effective quality control mechanism.
5.1.2 Tissue Culture (TC)
TC saplings have been found superior in terms of growth but because of the higher prices of
the same, there is inadequate demand for these saplings. Even the awareness level of the
superiority of these saplings is less. Therefore it is recommended that:
a) The training programmes should focus on the superiority of TC saplings.
b) Existing TC units should be adapted for raising bamboo saplings under NBM funding.
c) One TC unit set up in Guwahati (Assam) must be operationalised as early as
possible.
5.2 Bamboo Plantation and Management
5.2.1 Plantation
BDAs in all the states have done excellent work with regard to bamboo plantation on forest
lands through JFMCs and other village level institutions. However, the plantation on private
lands has been marginalised in most of the states. Therefore, it is recommended that:
Demonstrations on different agro‐forestry models, superiority of plantations raised with
tissue cultured saplings, micro‐irrigation applications and dissemination of success stories
could be the ways of inciting interest of private land owners to bamboo cultivation. It is also
recommended that each state should have a ‘model plantation’ of 10‐12 ha that is raised
and tended under standardised modern package of practices for bamboo cultivation
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including micro‐irrigation and fertigation systems. A ‘model nursery’ also may be
established on similar lines.
5.2.2 Survival Rate
No major pest attack/diseases have been observed in plantation areas across the studied
states. The survival rate has been better in north‐eastern states as compared to the others.
Survival norm of 90% is too high given that no assistance for fencing is provided under
NBM. It is recommended that 75% may be taken as threshold survival percentage for the
funds to be released for maintenance in the second year.
5.3 Post Harvest Management
Post Harvest Management (PHM) is a wide subject involving treatment, processing, grading,
storage and marketing. Towards these activities, NBM has funded some treatment plants
and CFCs in states like Assam, Nagaland and Chhattisgarh. CFCs are showing encouraging
results and it is recommended that more such units be established under the Mission.
5.4 Handicrafts Promotion
NBM has made efforts at improving the quality of bamboo handicrafts and other produce in
states like Chhattisgarh and Assam. Bamboo handicrafts have a global market but the
design and quality must be of international level. Design and workmanship need to be
improved significantly to be acceptable globally. Effort is required to be made for attaining
those levels through improved training and institutional collaboration.
5.5 Marketing
The project emphasises on promotion of market for bamboo and bamboo products through
various interventions such as establishing bamboo bazaars, bamboo outlets, establishing
linkages by participating in national and international trade fairs, etc.
An initial beginning has been made in some of the states such as Uttarakhand, Assam,
Chhattisgarh, Nagaland and Mizoram. Outlets set up under the Mission are not working at
their optimum level. It is recommended to consider running of bamboo bazaars/bamboo
outlets on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode.
5.6 Capacity Building
The project has been able to initiate process of capacity building of stakeholders, especially
to sensitise and orient them on various aspects of the programme. The project should
develop a follow up mechanism to ensure percolation of information, knowledge and skills.
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5.7 Technology Transfer
One of the major responsibilities of Research and Development institutions was to develop
knowledge on various aspects of bamboo cultivation, creating agro‐forestry and other
models involving farming community and transfer the technologies to the end users.
It is recommended that the results of R & D initiative under the Mission may be taken to
farmers and other growers to optimise their benefits. NBM may review the plans pertaining
to technology transfer to strategise more practical approach.
5.8 Financial Norms
Financial norms set six years ago have become less relevant because of significant increase
in wage level and rise in the cost of other inputs like polythene bags, manures and
fertilisers, transportation, etc.
NBM may think of revising the rates for effective implementation of the planned strategies.
5.9 Bamboo Technology Support Groups (BTSGs)
Three BTSGs have been established under the Mission. The key roles of a BTSG are –
a) Guidance on policy, organisational and technical matters to the concerned state
b) Recommendation on species to be adopted
c) Assistance in capacity building programmes
d) Undertake publicity campaigns
e) Documentation and dissemination of success stories
f) Network with various stakeholders and institutes/organisations/agencies, both in
India and abroad.
A total amount of ` 5.85 crore has been released to BTSGs during the period 2006‐2011 (Table 3.4.2.22). BTSGs have, from time to time, been resourceful to
implementing agencies with their technical and support services. But for various reasons,
the deliveries from them have not been regular.
NBM needs to develop mechanism for better coordination amongst them. Capacities of
BTSGs should be upgraded and improved by enabling them to employ competent
consultants. BTSGs should be monitored more frequently and closely. Also, there should be
coordination and synergy among the three BTSGs for optimum results.
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 85
5.10 Research and Development
R & D projects funded by NBM match the priorities set by the Mission. However, R & D
activities should also address to problems related to promotion of bamboo cultivation in
the area including economic and social issues.
5.11 Convergence with other Programmes
A number of watershed development programmes are being implemented to enhance
productivity of rain‐fed areas through National Rain‐fed Areas Development Authority,
NABARD, etc. The programme involves large scale plantation activities including Bamboo.
There is a need to establish linkages of NBM programme with watershed development
programmes across the country.
5.12 Model Creation through Cluster Approach
NBM programme emphasises on cluster approach but the same needs to be taken up
significantly during the XI Five Year Plan and onwards.
The concept of identification of potential clusters (compact unit), plantation of bamboo on
large scale, application of scientific inputs, promotion and strengthening of farmer
groups/institutions may lead to collective production, processing and marketing of bamboo
and its by‐products. The models thus created may be taken up for up‐scaling of the
programme across the county.
***
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 86
Annexure‐1
Sample Size covered under the Study
States Individual Plantation Group Plantation Artisan Group Type of Groups
Total Sample Total Sample Members (FGD) Total Sample
Arunachal Pradesh
East Siang 259 26 3 1 17 ‐ ‐ Village Forest Management Committee West Siang 368 38 3 1 30 ‐ ‐
Assam
Cachar ‐ ‐ 1 1 35 ‐ ‐ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC) Nagaon ‐ ‐ 1 1 46 ‐ ‐
Chattisgarh
Korba ‐ ‐ 18 2 41 3 1 Self‐help Groups (SHGs)
Sarguja 1537 159 ‐ ‐ ‐ 1 1
Jharkhand
Chatra ‐ ‐ 9 2 23 ‐ ‐ Gram Van Prabandhan Evam Sarankshan Samiti Hazaribagh ‐ ‐ 6 2 31 ‐ ‐
Maharashtra
Chandrapur 67 7 7 1 26 ‐ ‐ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC) Yavatmal 33 3 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Mizoram
Mamit ‐ ‐ 9 1 32 1 1 Bamboo Development Committees Aizwal ‐ ‐ 7 1 27 1 1
Nagaland
Dimapur ‐ ‐ 13 2 43 3 1 Village Bamboo Development Committees Mokokchung ‐ ‐ 7 1 19 2 1
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 87
States Individual Plantation Group Plantation Artisan Group Type of Groups
Total Sample Total Sample Members (FGD) Total Sample
Odisha
Bolangir 25 5 2 1 4 1 1 Self‐help Groups (SHGs)
Mayurbhanj 183 6 6 1 16 3 1
Uttarakhand
Pauri 47 5 45 5 37 ‐ ‐ Van Panchayats
U S Nagar 214 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 88
Annexure‐2
List of Beneficiaries/Groups contacted during the Study
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
Arunachal Pradesh
Name of Beneficiary
1 Aging Moyong East Siang Village ‐ Sibo, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh
2 Ojing East Siang Village ‐ Mirsam, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh
3 Tamlen East Siang Village ‐ Lingka, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh
4 Tapir East Siang Village ‐ Sika tode, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh
5 Mitin Osik East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)
Village‐ Tiagra, Dist‐ Pasighat
6 Smt Olek Mize East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)
Village‐ Mirluk, Dist‐ Pasighat
7 Kaling Ruklo East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)
Village‐ Kelek, Dist‐ Pasighat
8 Osan Moyong East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)
Village‐ Mirluk, Dist‐ Pasighat
9 Odu Taling East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)
Village‐ Mongku Dist‐ Pasighat
10 James Moyong East Siang Village‐ Boying, Dist‐ Pasighat
11 Tahen Padu East Siang Village‐Rotte, Dist‐Pasighat
12 R' Koyu East Siang Village‐ Koyu, Dist‐Pasighat
13 Takang Mize East Siang Village‐ Pareng, Dist‐ Pasighat
14 Tatal Tapir East Siang Village‐ Riga, Dist‐ Pasighat
15 Tajir Tamin East Siang Village‐ Sitang, Dist‐Pasighat
16 Taro Tamut East Siang Village‐ Lilleng, Dist‐Pasighat
17 Tasar Tamut East Siang Village‐ Paneng, Dist‐ Pasighat
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 89
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
18 Tatar Siram East Siang Village‐ Sime, Dist‐ Pasighat
19 Tamiran Taki East Siang Village‐ Mobit, Dist‐ Pasighat
20 Nari Tamuk East Siang Village‐ Mobit, Dist‐ Pasighat
21 Joni Tayeng East Siang Village‐ Darne, Dist‐ Pasighat
22 Olik Megu East Siang Village‐Morguli, Dist‐ Pasighat
23 Smti Osu Tayeng East Siang Village‐ Ayeng, Dist‐ Pasighat
24 Tamol Tadeng East Siang Village‐ Boleng, Dist‐ Pasighat
25 Takar Tatak East Siang Village‐ Dosing, Dist‐ Pasighat
26 Tapum Mize East Siang Village‐ Rengo, Dist‐ Pasighat
27 Kiri Karbi West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kombo Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo
28 Dakum Doji West Siang Aalo Village‐ Doji Jelly, Dist ‐ West Siang Aalo
29 Imar Lollen West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kombo Jirdin Dist ‐ West Siang Aalo
30 Ipe Jini West Siang Aalo Village‐ Jini, Dist‐ West Siang Aalo
31 Rell ingo West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo
32 Dagyom Ango West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo
33 Jumli Ango West Siang Village‐ Biru, Dist West Siang Aalo
34 Mali Ango West Siang Village‐ Biru, Dist West Siang Aalo
35 Marto Naso West Siang Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo
36 Mijum Ango West Siang Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo
37 Gumjum Lollen West Siang Village‐ Paya, Dist West Siang Aalo
38 Marto Naso West Siang Village‐ Tadin, Dist West Siang Aalo
39 Smti Duda Lollen, ASM West Siang Village‐ Kombo‐ Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 90
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
40 Smti Nayamar Lollen, ASM West Siang Village‐ Kombo‐ Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo
41 Sri Yomrak Sora West Siang Village‐ Taba Sora, Dist West Siang Aalo
42 Deki Sora West Siang Village‐ Taba Sora, Dist West Siang Aalo
43 Jumdo Ete West Siang Village‐ Kuju Pomse, Dist West Siang Aalo
44 Hengo Nyoraki West Siang Village‐ Nyorak, Dist West Siang Aalo
45 Paksen Nayorak West Siang Village‐ Nyorak, Dist West Siang Aalo
46 Marpe Doji West Siang Village‐ Darka, Dist West Siang Aalo
47 Smti Tori Riram West Siang Village‐Eshi‐Chiku, Dist West Siang Aalo
48 Smti Jumrik Riba West Siang Village‐ Daring, Dist West Siang Aalo
49 Smti Lilo Bam West Siang Village‐ Bam, Dist West Siang Aalo
50 Pekkar Basar West Siang Village‐Gori, Dist West Siang Aalo
51 Smti Chi Dirchi West Siang Village‐ Lchi, Dist West Siang Aalo
52 Tanom Yangi West Siang Village‐Sirum, Dist West Siang Aalo
53 Kotin Pangu West Siang Village‐ Sampeng, Dist West Siang Aalo
54 Tapak Taga West Siang Village‐ Bingung, Dist West Siang Aalo
55 Tanbag Talom West Siang Village‐ Jomlo, Dist West Siang Aalo
56 Tagin Mize West Siang Village‐ Jomlo Bari, Dist West Siang Aalo
57 Moken Nomuk West Siang Village‐ Nomuk, Dist West Siang Aalo
58 Tomsap Tato West Siang Village‐ Kaek, Dist West Siang Aalo
59 Kenjom Kamki West Siang Village‐ Dego Kamki, Dist West Siang Aalo
60 Pudek Lombi West Siang Village‐ Tirbin, Dist West Siang Aalo
61 Tumge Gadi West Siang Village‐ Doke, Dist West Siang Aalo
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 91
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
62 Smti Yayum Lombi West Siang Village‐ Kardo, Dist West Siang Aalo
63 Rikmo Taipodia West Siang Village‐ Lika, Dist West Siang Aalo
64 Marmik Riba West Siang Village‐ Pale, Dist West Siang Aalo
Assam
Name of Group
1 Cachar Joint Forest Management Committee
Cachar Forest Division
2 Nagaon Joint Forest Management Committee
Nagoan Forest Division
Chhattisgarh
Name of Beneficiary
1 Karn Singh Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
2 Shiv Mangal Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
3 Beera Ram Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
4 Ram Lakhan Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
5 Dilshyam Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
6 Kanshilal Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
7 Mukutdhari Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
8 Nandlal Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
9 Shivmangal Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
10 Bandhan Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 92
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
11 Ram Lagan Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
12 Nanda Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
13 Santosh Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
14 Chander Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
15 Bandhani Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
16 Smt Saloni Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja
17 Smt Shanti Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
18 Smt Guni Bai Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
19 Smt Runia Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
20 Babu Ram Sarguja Village ‐ Daridih, Dist – Sarguja
21 Vijay Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja
22 Avadh Kumar Sarguja Village ‐ Khairbar, Dist – Sarguja
23 Ram Bahir Sarguja Village ‐ Bhakura, Dist – Sarguja
24 Sadhan Sarguja Village ‐ Sasauli, Dist – Sarguja
25 Vikaram Singh Sarguja Village ‐ Jori, Dist – Sarguja
26 Manvari Sarguja Village ‐ Gahila, Dist – Sarguja
27 Rajju Ram Sarguja Village ‐ Maanpur, Dist – Sarguja
28 Sabit Lal Sarguja Village ‐ Maanpur, Dist – Sarguja
29 Muneshwar Sarguja Village ‐ Tendga, Dist – Sarguja
30 Ram Ratan Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
31 Sauna Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 93
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
32 Ram Sakal Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
33 Haravan Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
34 Nandkeshwar Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
35 Biguwa Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
36 Beena Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
37 Judavan Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
38 Baas Dev Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja
39 Sandeep Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
40 Ram Ratan Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
41 Jhari Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
42 Ram Kali Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
43 Ramvriksh Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja
44 Saroj Sarguja Village ‐ Ghorghadi, Dist – Sarguja
45 Rukmani Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Silfili, Dist – Sarguja
46 Shanti Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Silfili, Dist – Sarguja
47 Munni Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Kamri, Dist – Sarguja
48 Kalavati Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Kamri, Dist – Sarguja
49 Ratiya Sarguja Village ‐ Sevari, Dist – Sarguja
50 Sanichara Sarguja Village ‐ Sevari, Dist – Sarguja
51 Masi Das Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
52 Kariman Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 94
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
53 Godram Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
54 Sushma Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
55 Nemhati Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
56 Phoolmati Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja
57 Mahesh Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
58 Sundari Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
59 Shiv Mangal Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
60 Buthani Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
61 Ashok Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
62 Gulab Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
63 Puran Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja
64 Mandev Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja
65 Chandrika Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja
66 Bodhan Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja
67 Jitendra Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja
68 Jhitku Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja
69 Sarojni Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja
70 Mariyam Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja
71 Manimenen Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja
72 Thunki Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja
73 Hirmaniya Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 95
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
74 Malti Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
75 Dashri Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
76 Ramvriksh Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
77 Chunuwa Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
78 Savina Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
79 Muneshwari Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
80 Badhan Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
81 Sugiya Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
82 Parmila Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
83 Anita Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
84 Chameli Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
85 Amni Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja
86 Sumri Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja
87 Malo Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja
88 Rameshri Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja
89 Abhay Sarguja Village ‐ Korandha, Dist – Sarguja
90 Ram Pati Sarguja Village ‐ Devsara, Dist – Sarguja
91 Krishna Ram Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja
92 Nilam Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja
93 Shri Kumar Sarguja Village‐ Podi, Dist – Sarguja
94 Krishna Ram Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 96
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
95 Kalavati Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja
96 Roop Saay Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
97 Chandan Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
98 Jeevan Prasad Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
99 Milan Singh Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
100 Harihar Saay Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
101 Sanjhu Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
102 Jogi Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja
103 Belkenhin Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
104 Dipadihin Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
105 Karamheen Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
106 Pichi Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
107 Dhaneshwar Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
108 Punni Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
109 Sukhan Ram Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
110 Kumar Saay Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
111 Vijay Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja
112 Avadh Narayan Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
113 Devanti Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
114 Mangal Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
115 Phool Kuwar Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
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Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
116 Ram Saay Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
117 Ram Charitra Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
118 Shankar Ram Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
119 Krishna Ram Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
120 Kedar Ram Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja
121 Kali Ram Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
122 Ram Chander Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
123 Phoolmet Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
124 Ganpat Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
125 Puran Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
126 Raj Kumar Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
127 Seeta Ram Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
128 Nanbai Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
129 Mankuwar Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja
130 Karmi Bai Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
131 Balobai Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
132 Ronhi Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
133 Subhasho Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
134 Chirango Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
135 Ramlallu Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
136 Dirpal Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
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Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
137 Baldev Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja
138 Mahajan Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja
139 Shyam Dev Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja
140 Sukhwaro Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja
141 Shantosh Mishra Sarguja Village‐ Chilma, Dist – Sarguja
142 Phoolo Sarguja Village‐ Chilma, Dist – Sarguja
143 Shighun Sarguja Village‐ Narsinghpur, Dist – Sarguja
144 Ram Baran Sarguja Village‐ Narsinghpur, Dist – Sarguja
145 Narendera Kumar Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja
146 Shobran Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja
147 Shyam Singh Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja
148 Somar Saay Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja
149 Vrindavati Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja
150 Shanti Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja
151 Radhe Shyam Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja
152 Sunita Singh Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja
153 Maan Kuwar Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja
154 Sarihano Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja
155 Bharosa Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja
156 Mohan Sarguja Village‐ Amhiyapara, Dist – Sarguja
157 Shiv Prasad Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja
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Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
158 Dil Bahal Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja
159 Juliyas Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja
Name of Group
1 Shiv SHG Sarguja Village‐ Amgaon , Block‐ Lundra , Dist.‐ Sarguja
2 Nanbiwa Artisan Centre ( Adarsh SHG)
Korba Village‐ Nanbira, Block‐ Kartala, Dist.‐ Korba
Jharkhand
Name of Group
1 Gram van prabandhan and Sanrakhan Samiti
Chatra Village‐ Chaur, Block‐ Chatra, Distt‐ Chatra
2 Gram van prabandhan and Sanrakhan Samiti
Chatra Village‐ Jabra, Block‐ Hantarganj, Distt‐ Chatra
3 Saliaya forest proetction committee
Hazaribagh Village‐ Chutiyaro, Block‐ Hazaribagh, Dist Hazaribagh
4 Barkatha Hazaribagh Village‐ Saalaiya, Block‐ Hazaribagh, Dist‐ Hazaribagh
Maharashtra
Name of Beneficiary
1 Parshuram Babegi Neemgade
Chandrapur Village‐ Pazdarchak Dist‐ Chandrapur, Block‐ Mul, Uttaranchal
2 Prashant Babusaheb Wasode
Chandrapur Village‐ Ballarpur, Dist‐ Chandrapur, Block ‐ Ballarpur, Uttaranchal
3 Mrs.Mandotai Nanagi Dawaande
Chandrapur Village‐ Chandrapur,Block ‐ Chandrapur, Dist‐ Chandrapur
4 Sudhir Shantilar Katriya Chandrapur Village‐ Warra, Block ‐ Warra, Distt‐ Chandrapur
5 Mrs. Salu Siddharth Sarrge
Chandrapur Village‐ Sandhya Nagar, Block‐ Chandrapur, Dist‐ Chandrapur
6 Hemant Vidyadhar Bhave Chandrapur Village‐ Katvali, Block‐ Ballarpur,Distt‐ Chandrapur
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 100
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
7 Dharamsay Laxman Rao Porate
Chandrapur Village‐ Chandrakheda, Block‐ Bhadrawati Dist‐ Chandrapur
8 Yashoda Haridas Pawar Yeotmal Village‐ Kharola, Block‐ Yeotmal, Dist‐ Yeotmal
9 Ajay Abdul Ali Somani Yeotmal Village‐ Patoli, Block‐ Kalam, Distt‐ Yeotmal
10 Manik Ram Chandra Wake
Yeotmal Village‐ Kalamb, Block‐ Kalamb, District‐ Yeotmal
Name of Group
1 Central Chanda Forests Chandrapur Village‐ Ballansa, Block‐ Ballansa, Distt‐ Chandrapur
Mizoram
Name of Group
1 Mamit Village Development Committee
Mamit Forest Division
2 Aizwal Village Development Committee
Aizwal Forest Division
Nagaland
Name of Group
1 Vihokhu SHG Dimapur Village‐ Vihokhu, Distt‐ Dimapur
2 VBDC Dimapur Village‐ Pushito, Distt‐ Dimapur
3 Lishit Sung Yong Bamboo Plantation Society
Mokukchung Village‐ Lishit Sung Yong
Odisha
Name of Beneficiary
1 Sambaru Chinda Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir
2 Tikena Majhi Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir
3 Gouda Majhi Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir
4 Babaji Mishra Bolangir Village Sirabahal, Deygaon, Bolangir
5 Janardan Goud Bolangir Village Shivtola, Deygaon, Bolangir
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 101
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
6 Ranjeet Kumat Mahanta Mayurbhanj Village Asnabani, Block Samakuntha, Mayurbhanj
7 Abhash Kumar Mayurbhanj Village Asnabani, Block Samakuntha, Mayurbhanj
8 Ban Bihari Madhual Mayurbhanj Village, Krishna Chandrapur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj
9 Pradeep Madhual Mayurbhanj Village, Krishna Chandrapur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj
10 Bikram Mahanta Mayurbhanj Village Chhachinapada, Betanati, Mayurbhanj
11 Murari Mishra Mayurbhanj Village Chhachinapada, Betanati, Mayurbhanj
Name of Group
1 Bolangir Joint Forest Management Comitttee
Bolangir Forest Division
2 Mayurbhanj Joint Forest Management Committee
Mayurbhanj Forest Division
3 Basupati Self‐help Group Bolangir Village Shivtola, Deygaon, Bolangir
4 Gobardhan Sole Bamboo Development Group
Mayurbhanj Village Gobardhan Sole, Baripada, Mayurbhanj
Uttarakhand
Name of Beneficiary
1 Ram Prakash Udham Singh Nagar Village Hardaspur, Gadarpur, US Nagar
2 Bhola Nath Udham Singh Nagar Village Kundan Nagar, Gadarpur, US Nagar
3 Satish Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Bari Rai, Gadarpur, US Nagar
4 Kishan Chand Udham Singh Nagar Village Bari Rai, Gadarpur, US Nagar
5 Akhilesh Mishra Udham Singh Nagar Village Bukshora Gadarpur, US Nagar
6 Omiyo Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Bhra Nagar, Gadarpur, US Nagar
7 Pratap Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Nazimabad, Rudrapur, US Nagar
8 Sanjay Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Pipliya, Rudrapur, US Nagar
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 102
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
9 Dastar Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Shahdara, Rudrapur, US Nagar
10 Jitendra Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Shahdara, Rudrapur, US Nagar
11 Jaideep Udham Singh Nagar Village Bandia, Rudrapur, US Nagar
12 Kulwinder Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Bandia, Rudrapur, US Nagar
13 Sachin Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Devalia, Rudrapur, US Nagar
14 Arun Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Devalia, Rudrapur, US Nagar
15 Ravindra Nath Udham Singh Nagar Village Pulsungi, Rudrapur, US Nagar
16 Balbir Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Khambhari, Bajpur, US Nagar
17 Pratap Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Shivpuri, Bajpur, US Nagar
18 Tejpal Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Badripur, Bajpur, US Nagar
19 Sewa Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Gobra, Bajpur, US Nagar
20 Dalbir Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Bhauwa nagala, Bajpur, US Nagar
21 Raguvendra Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Bhauwa nagala, Bajpur, US Nagar
22 Dharm Prakash Udham Singh Nagar Village Deohari, Bajpur, US Nagar
23 Ram Yash Udham Singh Nagar Village ‐ Buksora, Block ‐ Gadarpur , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar , Uttaranchal
24 Ashish Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village ‐ Gangapur, Block ‐ Rudrapur , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar, Uttaranchal
25 Paramjit Udham Singh Nagar Village ‐ Sudesh , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar , Uttaranchal
26 Vinod Bahukhandi Pauri Garwal Village Mawasa, Bhrugukhal, Pauri Garhwal
27 Subodh Thapa Pauri Garwal Village Mawasa, Bhrugukhal, Pauri Garhwal
Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 103
Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address
28 Dinesh Singh Pauri Garwal Village Ghunna, Pabo range, Pauri Garhwal
29 Arjun Singh Pauri Garwal Village Ghunna, Pabo range, Pauri Garhwal
30 Govind Singh Pauri Garwal Village Mirthana, Borikhal Pauri garhwal
Name of Group
1 Chatur Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Chatur Pauri Range, Pauri Garhwal
2 Idamalla Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Idamlla Satpaul Range, Pauri Garhwal
3 Ratkot Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Ratkot Birokhal Range, Pauri Garhwal
4 Thapali Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Thapali Naugaon Range, Pauri Garhwal
5 Nakurchi Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Nakurchi Gohari Range, Pauri Garhwal