The Midnight The Midnight JudgesJudges

& &

Judicial Judicial ReviewReview

John Adams

• Wanted to keep parties hold on Judicial branch

• Appointed 42 judged during last day in office

• Appointed William Marbury as judge

• Felt Jefferson could not stop this action

• Jefferson ordered Madison not to deliver papers to the appointees

• Madison agreed • Papers never

delivered

James Madison

Thomas Jefferson

William Marbury• He wanted the

appointment• Sued Madison• Important case

taken to the Supreme Court

• His case stated that Constitution didn’t give Supreme Court the right to decide cases against federal officials.

Chief Justice John Marshall

• Chief Justice John Marshall ruled on

this case

Marbury v. Madison

• This case set an important precedent

• Ruling gave Supreme Court power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional

This is called….

Judicial Review

• The court said part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional and only the Supreme Court could decide a case brought against a federal official

• Jefferson was not happy with ruling

Judicial Review Judicial Review

is one of the most is one of the most

important powers important powers

of the of the

Supreme CourtSupreme Court

The Jefferson Era

Jefferson 1st President to be inaugurated in Washington D. C.

Difficult to get around Washington D. C.

Muddy StreetsUnfinished buildings

Who was Thomas Jefferson?Who was Thomas Jefferson?•Gave country a broader democratic base

•1st Pres. To live in Washington D. C.

•Kicked out a lot of Federalists

•Reduced taxes

•Had trouble with pirates at Barbary Coast – They captured U.S. ships and demanded the United States pay tribute to get them back

•Sent expedition and surprised the Pirates and gained the ships back

•This was first expansion of the powers of the President beyond what was written in the constitution

Skilled Architect

He built some of the buildings on the University of Virginia campus that he founded.

Monticello is the name of Jefferson’s home and plantation, which he built

Developed a plow

• Designed for hillside work – furrows on down hill side• Go deeper than just the 2 or 3 inches• Prevent soil erosion

Developed the polygraph