Mind Mapping for Health - #IOBMC2015

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Mind Mapping for Health

IOBMC 2015 12 September 2015

Jose M Guerrero jm@infoseg.com

(c) Infoseg, S.A. 2015 http://bit.ly/1Eimh3k 1

Information Management Problems in Healthcare

IOBMC 2015 - Mind Mapping for Health – JM Guerrero

Information Management Problems in Healthcare

• Information overload

• Limitations of linear text

• Limitations of web pages

• Attention

• Errors

Information overload [1]

• Most of the information we receive is irrelevant to our daily lives [2].

• A newspaper contains more information than the average person was likely to come across in a lifetime in seventeenth-century England [3].

• 90% of all the data in the world has been generated over the last two years (2013) [4]

Limitations of Linear Text

• It is difficult to understand and analyze. • It is difficult to memorize. • It does not provide a sense of perspective. • It does not offer a sense of structure. • It does not show the relation between the parts. • It does not allow to see the “whole picture”. • There is a cognitive dissonance between the

linear representation of information and the mapping of mental processes that the brain performs when treating information [5].

Limitations of Web Pages

• There is a context loss.

• They have some of the same problems as linear text.

• They have an excessive number of items of information.

• They have moving elements sometimes.

• It is difficult to see the “whole picture”.

• It is difficult to have a sense of perspective or structure

When reading linear text, we only use controlled attention

http://promedmail.isid.org/direct.php?id=3316151

With information containing images, we use stimulus-driven + controlled attention

Working memory

• Middle frontal gyrus • Intraparietal sulcus

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/FMRI_scan_during_working_memory_tasks.jpg

“Working memory is a system for temporarily storing and managing the information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension.” MedicineNet.com

Limited to 4 elements of information Cowan 1983 [6]

Attention areas in the brain

Areas responsible for controlled attention

Areas responsible for stimulus-driven attention

Working memory

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brain_-_Lateral_Left.png#

Errors

“premature deaths associated with preventable harm to patients was estimated at more than 400,000 per year” (US only) [7]

A substantial part of them attributable to the excessive use of linear text or the lack of use of more visual techniques.

Mind Mapping as a Solution

Mind Mapping Graphical technique for visualizing hierarchical connections between several items of information. Each item of information is written down and then linked by lines to the other pieces thus creating a network of relationships. They are always organized around a single central idea.

A mind map is a diagram created by mind mapping

Mind mapping has unique properties in the…

• Organization of Complex Information

• Visualization of Complex Information

• Analysis of Complex Information

• Memorization of Complex Information

• Creation of Complex Information

• Exchange of Complex Information

• Archival of Complex Information

Results of the use of mind maps

• 200-300% improvement in memorization [8]

• 15% improvement in memorization [9]

• 20-50% improvement in productivity [10,11]

Gestió d’informació complexa en activitats professionals amb mapes mentals

(C) Infoseg, S.A. 2015 http://bit.ly/1Eimh3k 15

First Application in Medicine – The Urine Wheel (1420) [12]

Epiphanie Medicorum (1506). One of the first uses of mind mapping in medicine

Det Kongelige Bibliotek Danemark http://www.kb.dk/en/index.html

Scientific Bases of Mind Mapping

Oldest primates - 50-60 million years ago [13]

Archicebus achilles (Xijun Ni / Chinese Academy of Sciences)

FOXP2 – The speech gene (70,000 years ago) [14]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/FOXP2_with_codons_01-fr.png

Altamira Paintings (17,000 years ago) [15]

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altamira_bisons.jpg

First written language - Sumerian 5,000 years ago [16]

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumerian_account_of_silver_for_the_govenor.JPG

Evolution in Information Processing in the Brain

The size of our brain has not changed in the last 40,000 years.

There has been no time for language processing in the brain to evolve.

Sperry 1960s – Lateralization of the brain [17]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebral_lobes.png

With linear text we only use one half of the brain

Shepard 1967 Picture Superiority Effect [18]

People remember pictures better than words.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/A_picture_is_worth_a_thousand_words.jpg

Bower 1969 – Memorization of information with hierarchical structure [8]

Recall is 2-3 times better with the hierarchical structure

Image taken from [8]

Main Features of Mind Mapping

Fast image processing in the brain + Collapse / Expand branches + Hierarchical organization + Chunking + Whole-view and detail-view at the same time + Viewable relationship between the parts + multimedia + 1 single compressed file, easy to email or FTP + online collaboration

Mind mapping automation

XML file

Result

Some Applications in Healthcare

Personal Health Record

Management Reporting

Medicine Labels

Drug Interactions

Reading and Analyzing Scientific Articles

Big Data – Visualization

Discharge instructions

References [1] Tofler A, Future Shock, Random House, 1970 [2] Postman N, Amusing Ourselves to Death, Penguin, 2005 [3] Wurman RS. Information Anxiety 2. Hayden/Que, 2000. [4] http://www.sintef.no/en/corporate-news/big-data--for-better-or-worse/ [5] Okada A et al., Knowledge Cartography, Springer, 2008 [6] Cowan N, The magical number 4 in short-term memory: a reconsideration of mental storage capacity.

Behav Brain Sci. 2001 Feb;24(1):87-114; discussion 114-85. [7] James JT, A New, Evidence-based Estimate of Patient Harms Associated with Hospital Care. Journal of Patient Safety, Sept 2013, Vol 9 I 3 p 122–128 [8] Bower GH et al., Hierarchical Retrieval Schemes in Recall of Categorized Word Lists, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8, 323-343 (1969) [9] Farrand P et al.,The efficacy of the ‘mind map’ study technique. Medical Education. 2002 May;36(5):426-31 [10] The compelling business advantages of Mind Mapping software. http://mindmappingsoftwareblog.com/mindmapping-software-compelling-advantages/. [11] http://ezinearticles.com/?Boeing,-Oracle,-EDS,-And-Other-High-Profile-Companies-Have-Drawn-Great-Benefits-from-Mind-Mapping&id=106728

[12] http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/oscillator/the-urine-wheel/ [13] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v498/n7452/full/nature12200.html [14] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6900/full/nature01025.html [15] http://en.museodealtamira.mcu.es/Prehistoria_y_Arte/la_cueva.html [16] http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/573229/Sumerian-language [17] Sperry RW, Conciousness, Personal Identity and the Divided Brain, Neuropsychologia, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 661-673, 1984. [18] Shepard RN, Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures. Journal of Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 156-163, 1967.

Introduction to the Applications of Mind Mapping in Medicine

José M. Guerrero jm@infoseg.com http://www.infoseg.com/imi.shtml https://es.linkedin.com/in/josemguerrero2012 http://www.slideshare.net/jmgf2009/presentations https://twitter.com/InfosegS