Post on 14-Jan-2016
transcript
MINOS/NOA
Deborah HarrisFermilab
NuFact’04Osaka University
July 28, 2004
MINOS/NOvA 2
Outline of Talk
• MINOS– Beamline Progress– Detector Progress– Not covered: Cosmic ray analyses at Far Detector– Accelerator Physics Expectations
• NOA– Overview– Beamline Progress—see above– Detector Progress—see P.Strolin (mostly) – Physics Reach now and in the future
MINOS/NOvA 3
Acknowlegements
• The majority of the slides I will show come from the excellent talks given by – Sacha Kopp, Fermilab User’s Meeting, 6/2004– Mark Messier, Neutrino 2004, 6/2004– Mark Thomson, Neutrino 2004, 6/2004
• Since probably no one here was at all of these talks, I hope at least a few slides will be new for everyone in the audience
MINOS/NOvA 4
Det. 1 735 km Det. 2
•Near detector predicts energy spectrum at far detector (in absence of oscillations)
•Multiply near spectrum by scaling factor to predict far.•
Must believe that beam at two detectors is (1) the same, or (2) difference calculable.
Near Detector: 980 tons
Far Detector: 5400 tons
Two Detector ExperimentIdea dates back to CERN, FNAL mid-1980’s
MINOS/NOvA 5
The NuMI Beam“Neutrinos at the Main
Injector”
•NuMI has 400kW primary proton beam 120 GeV 8.67 sec spill 1.9 sec rep rate 5 Booster batches (2.51013 prot/spill)
p beam
Pion beam
MINOS/NOvA 6
Extracted Proton Beam LineCarrier TunnelAngling down
Pre-TargetFoil Profile Monitor
MINOS/NOvA 7
Progress on Target and Horns• Horns assembled and pulsed• Horn 1 & power supply installed
underground • >>5.4+1kton of shielding installed• “Crosshairs” for alignment checks
in situ
Bea
m’s
eye
vie
w o
f h
orn
in c
hase
MINOS/NOvA 8
Progress on Decay Pipe and Absorber
• 675m long decay pipe pumped down to 1.4Torr on first try!
• Water-cooled Aluminum core installed
• Hadron Monitor Support Installed
• Almost all of 2.2kTons there
MINOS/NOvA 9
p
Bypass Tunnel
Monitors to Study Beam
BeamBeamTestsTests
Expected profiles in Alcove 1Alcove 2Alcove 3
New levels of radiation hardnessRequired for muon monitors!
MINOS/NOvA 10
MINOS Near Detector Installation
1. Down the shaft
2. Across the hall
3. InstalledLess
tha
n 30
out
of
282
plan
es t
o go
!
MINOS/NOvA 11
MINOS Far Detector magnetized Fe-scintillator calorimeter
segmented scint for X, Y tracking
485 planes, 8m diam, 5400 tons
MINOS/NOvA 12
MINOS Schedule• Far Detector completed in 2003• NuMI Tunnel
– Excavation complete in 2002– Outfitting (electrical, air, water, etc) complete in fall 2003
and March 2004 (two phases)
• Primary beamline and target hall installation– Begun in fall 2003– Finish in November 2004
• Near detector installation to finish early fall ‘04
• READY FOR BEAM November, 2004
MINOS/NOvA 13
Oscillated/unoscillated ratio of number of CC events in far detector vs Eobserved
90% and 99% CL allowed oscillation parameter space for the Super-K best fit point.
For m2 = 0.0020 eV2, sin2 2 = 1.0
Measurement of Disappearance in MINOS
Figures from MINOS 5yr plan submitted to Fermilab PAC 2003
MINOS/NOvA 14
MINOS Measurement of m2
Current way of quoting m2 range: Full width at sin2223=1, at 90%CL K2K now has 90%CL range of 1.7< m2 <3.3 x10-3eV2, or a fractional error of 0.66 with a m2 of 2.73x10-3eV2 (NuFact04)
When MINOS has 7x1020 POT, this Should result in a factor Of 4 increase in precision
Can we please start quoting 1 error barslike precision experiments?(plot on left is in “current way”)
Or, Time for a Change of Terminology
90%
CL
MINOS/NOvA 15
Region where sin2 2 can beresolved as <1.0 at 90% CL.
Resolve Non-Maximal Mixing?m
2 (eV
2 )
sin2(2)
SK allowed
(90%C.L.)
MINOS/NOvA 16
Beam e backgrounds
For m2 = 0.0025 eV2, sin2 213= 0.067
Osc. Max forthis m2
Search for e AppearanceO
bser
ved
e C
C
25x1020 POT
With e oscillations
90% CL Exclusion Limits
(5 years, 3kt)
m2 (
eV2 )
sin2(2)Protons on Target (1020)0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
0.150
0.125
0.100
0.075
0.050
0.025
0
JHF (2009+5yrs)
MINOS (m2 = 0.0025 eV2)
sin2 (
213
) D
isco
vera
ble
at 3
CHOOZ (m2 = 0.0025 eV2)
Or 3 Discovery!!
MINOS/NOvA 17
Next Steps in Oscillation Physics
• Once MINOS provides stringent test of oscillation framework
• Once MINOS improves precision on m2 by factor of 4 or more…
• Want to focus on →e transitions
– Seeing it in the first place– Getting the most physics out of what you see
MINOS/NOvA 18
Goals and Beams
• MINOS: pin down m2
• NOA look for e / transitions at m2atm
– First hint of 13 being non-zero?
– CP violation in absence of matter effects
– Matter effects in absence of msol2
13
2
sin
sin
)()(
)()(
E
Lm
PP
PPsol
ee
ee
Ree
ee
E
E
PP
PP
2)()(
)()(
GeVE
nG
mE
R
eF
atmR
11
22
2
MINOS/NOvA 19
NOA Collaboration
160 Authors, 34 Institutions, Gary Feldman and John Cooper Co-spokespersons
USUKGreeceBrazilCanada
MINOS/NOvA 20
How will NOA Improve on MINOS?
• Increase Detector Mass by 5 or more• Increase Flux/POT at Oscillation Max by ~2 by
going off axis• Reduce the backgrounds to e appearance
– Lower e at the peak by going off axis– Lower NC contamination by going off axis
• Build detector optimized for e appearance– Segmented X0/3 instead of 1.5X0!
• Low Z instead of High Z – more kton/X0
– Events are big—need fewer channels per transverse dimension
• Go to Higher L, Lower E, more matter effects– 810km, 2GeV peak, instead of 735km, 3.5GeV peak
Goal: factor of 10 past MINOS reach on sin2 213
MINOS/NOvA 21
How the Off Axis Strategy Works
MINOS/NOvA 22
What Can we expect at NOA?
MINOS/NOvA 23
Detector Strategy• Baseline Design
– Particle Board (20cm) w/ Liq. Scintillator (3cm thick) in Extrusions, 750 planes– Segmentation X0/3– 6.9kton active/50.7kton total (14%) – Active Veto Shield Planned
• Totally active Design– Liquid Scintillator (4.9cm thick) in Extrusions, 1845 planes– Segmentation X0/7– 21kton active/25kton total (85%)
• Both Designs– Looped Wavelength Shifting Fiber to Avalance PhotoDiode
Readout (see P. Strolin’s talk)
Scintillatormodules1.3m
20cm
MINOS/NOvA 24
Event Displays from Baseline Detector Design
e CC signal:>3 hits/track>1.5 hits/planeCos(beam)>.8Likelihood Analysis on “event shape”
MINOS/NOvA 25
Totally Active Scintillator Detector Events (2GeV)
One unit is 4.9 cm (horizontal), 4.0 cm (vertical)
+ A -> p + 3± + 0 +
e+A→p + - e-
+ A -> p +-Signal Efficiency32%(18% baseline)
Signal/Background7.7(4.6 baseline)
Signal/sqrt(bg.)26(24.5 basline)
Because of largerEfficiency and betterBackground rejection,Can make ½ the mass
MINOS/NOvA 26
Where should NOA put the detector?
Largest asymmetry for normal vs inverted Mass hierarchy at larger angles
Site that maximizes matter effects is Not optimal for 13 but Mass Hierarchy Determination is unique to NOA
Duty cycle is tiny (10sec/1.8sec)So detector can be at surface of Earth
MINOS/NOvA 27
NOA Near Detector
MINOS/NOvA 28
Measurement Suite NOA will use
MINOS/NOvA 29
NOA Physics Results
Disappearance e Disappearance
– Seeing evidence for sin2213≠0– Mass Hierarchy– CP Violation– What about adding another detector?
• Make more of same detector in same place?• Add another detector farther off axis?
Lesson we’ve seen before: 2 different E or L (or both) are better than twice as much at same E and L!
MINOS/NOvA 30
Disappearance in NOA
MINOS/NOvA 31
NOA’s Reach in sin2213: Depends on ,mass hierarchy!
MINOS/NOvA 32
NOA’s reach in sin2213
• Smaller angle off axis has slightly better reach in sin2213
• How it compares to T2K depends on sign(m2)!
12mrad Off axis
15mradOff axis
MINOS/NOvA 33
Determination of the Mass Hierarchy
• Different ways of getting there:– Compare NOA and
T2K– Compare 15mrad
NOA to 42mrad NOA (matter effects tiny at that energy--0.7GeV )
– Add More protons and stir…
– Add more detector mass and stir…
MINOS/NOvA 34
Search for CP Violation• No matter what, T2K and NOA need proton driver
upgrades to get to CP violation (need the ’s)• Second Oscillation Max strategy: CP violation 3x bigger!
( energy at 42mrad 1/3 of energy at 15mrad)
NOA+T2K + 2 p driver upgrades
NOA+2nd Osc. Max NOA + 1 p driver upgrade
NOA+T2HyperK + 2 p driver upgrades
MINOS/NOvA 35
Technically Driven Schedule
• Need Stage I approval, don’t have it yet…• With Final approval in 2005, Construction starting 2006, data taking
starting with half the detector in 2008• Will pass up reach of MINOS quickly…or make precision
measurement of a signal they (or OPERA or ICARUS) see first!
MINOS/NOvA 36
ConclusionsNuMI Beamline is a long time coming, but is almost here:
ready to commission end of 2004!• MINOS is right around the corner
– Near Detector commissioning as we speak!– Physics running in 2005– Improve m2 measurement over what we have now by factor of
4 or better!• NOA
– 10x sensitivity of MINOS to →e
– Even more precise disappearance measurements– Optimize for physics reach (matter effects!)– Precision P(→e) measurements the goal
• Both experiments benefit greatly from measurements at– MIPP (hadron production on NuMI target)– MINERA (neutrino cross sections & interactions)