MISS Journal Club 2012

Metabolic Surgery & Emerging Technologies

Goal: To review 5 important and clinically relevant papers from 2011, on Metabolic Surgery and

Emerging Technologies

Disclosure

04/21/23 Ann of Surg, 248, 5, Nov 08 3JAMA. 2012 Jan 4;307(1):56-65.

Article #1

Objective

• To study the association between bariatric surgery, weight loss, and cardiovascular events

• F/U data from The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study– an ongoing, non-randomized, prospective, controlled

study

Methods• 25 public surgical departments & 480 primary health

care centers in Sweden• Patient recruitment between 9/1/1987 - 1/31/2001• Median follow-up of 14.7 years (range, 0-20 years).

• Inclusion criteria– Age 37 to 60 years– BMI of 34 or greater in men– BMI of 38 or greater in women.

Methods: cont.

• N=4047 obese individuals – 2 study arms1. Obese pts undergoing Bariatric Surgery (n=2010)2. Obese pts receiving non-operative care (n=2037)

• Surgery pts (n=2010) underwent:– Gastric bypass (13.2%)– Gastric banding (18.7%), or – Vertical banded gastroplasty (68.1%)

• Controls (n=2037):– Received usual care in the Swedish primary health care system

Methods: cont.

• Primary Outcome Measure: – Total mortality (Primary end point of the SOS study)– Previously reported in 2007

• Secondary Outcome Measure: – MI and stroke were predefined secondary end

points– Considered separately and combined

Methods: cont.

• Data collection, via physical examinations and questionnaires, completed at:

– Matching– Baseline– After 0.5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 20 yrs

Findings

Findings

Primary Outcome Measure• Bariatric surgery was associated with a

reduced number of cardiovascular deaths – 28 events / 2010 pts in the surgery group vs. – 49 events / 2037 pts in the control group – Adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.47; 95% CI 0.29-0.76;

p=0.002

Findings

Secondary Outcome Measure• Total # of first time cardiovascular events

(fatal or nonfatal / MI or stroke) was lower in the surgery group than in the control group – 199 events / 2010 surgery patients vs.– 234 events / 2037 control patients – Adjusted HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.83; p=0.001

Findings

Secondary Subgroup Analysis• Post-hoc analysis

– Higher baseline insulin concentration was significantly associated with a more favorable outcome of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular events (P for interaction <0.001)

Discussion

Article #2

Br J Surg 2012;99(1):100-3

Background

• Previously, the accepted definition of remission of type II diabetes was: – being off diabetes medication, with normal

fasting blood glucose level or HbA1c <6%

Background

• 2009 - American Diabetes Association defined remission of type II diabetes as:

“a return to normal measures of glucose metabolism (HbA1c < 6 %, fasting glucose < 5·6 mmol/l) at least 1 year after bariatric surgery without hypoglycaemic medication”

Objective

• To study the proportion of patients achieving complete remission of type II diabetes following bariatric surgery, according to 2009 ADA consensus definitions

Methods• Retrospective review of data collected prospectively

in three bariatric centres on patients undergoing gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding

• 2 centers in the UK and 1 in Norway

Findings• 1006 patients underwent bariatric surgery• 209 had type II diabetes• Median follow-up: 23 months (range 12–75) • HbA1c was reduced after operation in all three

surgical groups (p < 0·001)– Gastric bypass– Sleeve Gastrectomy– Gastric Banding

Findings• 72 of 209 (34·4 %) pts had complete remission

of diabetes, according to the new definition

• Remission rates by procedure were:– 40·6 % (65 of 160) after gastric bypass– 26 % (5 of 19) after sleeve gastrectomy– 7 % (2 of 30) after gastric banding

P < 0·001 between groups

Findings

• Analysis by procedure showed no significant difference between remission rates based on new and previous definitions for either sleeve gastrectomy or gastric banding

Findings• Remission rate for gastric bypass was

significantly lower with the new definition – 40·6% vs. 57·5 %, p=0·003

• Remission rates by procedure were:– 40·6 % (65 of 160) after gastric bypass– 26 % (5 of 19) after sleeve gastrectomy– 7 % (2 of 30) after gastric banding

P < 0·001 between groups

Discussion

04/21/23 Ann of Surg, 248, 5, Nov 08 31

Article #3

Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(10):1499-507

Objective• Significant weight loss following bariatric surgery is

associated with dramatic benefits including reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality

• CV mortality reduction is related to the remarkable consequences on individual co-morbid conditions including diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia

• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current evidence regarding CV disease risk reduction

Methods

Results

Results

Results

Results

Discussion

04/21/23 Ann of Surg, 248, 5, Nov 08 39

Article #4

Objective

• LAGB is considered the safest bariatric procedure

• Variations in outcomes and complications related to port adjustment

• The purpose of this study is to report the safety, feasibility and results of LAGB Plication

Methods

• 26 morbidly obese patients

• Swedish band, pars flaccida technique, 2 anterior gastro-gastric sutures, plication over a 36F bougie

• F/U @ 1 week, 1,3,6,9,12,18,24 months

• Gastrograffin study @ 3 months

Methods

Methods

Results

Results

Discussion

Article #5

World J Surg 2011;35:637-642

Objective• The daVinci Robot has been implemented in several

laparoscopic procedures including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) with reported advantages including ergonomics

• Routine use in bariatric surgery has not been adopted due to increases in costs, operating time, and lack of any clear outcomes benefit

• Objective: Compare intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of 135 consecutive RYGBP operations performed by a single surgeon– 45 laparoscopic RYGB– 90 robotic RYGB

Methods

• Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on N=135 obese individuals

• All operations performed by a single surgeon• Laparoscopic RYGBP (L-RYGBP) cohort, N=35

– underwent standard L-RYGBP with creation of a linear gastrojejunostomy and two layer (vicryl & silk) closure

• Robotic RYGBP (R-RYGBP) cohort, N=90– underwent robotic creation of linear gastrojejunostomy

with two layer (PDS & PDS) closure

Methods: cont.

• Data collected on demographics, operative time, morbidity, mortality, and 1 year weight loss

• Operative time calculated as follows– L-RYGBP: time between pneumoperitoneum and closure

of skin incisions

– R-RYGBP: time recorded in 3 phases1. Laparoscopic phase (pneumoperitoneum to jejunojejunostomy)2. Set up phase (docking of the robot and attaching of the arms)3. Robotic phase (gastrojejunostomy to skin closure)

Findings

Findings

• Statistically younger patient cohort in R-RYGBP group– 38 ± 9 years vs. 43 ± 8 years; p = 0.001

• Shorter mean operative time in R-RYGBP group – 207 ± 31 min vs. 227 ± 31 min; p = 0.0006– R-RYGBP gastrojejunostomy time of 57 ± 16 minutes and

mean robot set-up time of 31 ± 4 minutes– First 45 R-RYGBP cases were shorter (205 ± 31 minutes; p

= 0.0011)

Findings

• No mortalities in either group• Early morbidity of 1 patient in each group

– Leak from excluded stomach in L-RYGBP group– Pulmonary embolism in one patient from R-RYGBP

group

• Late morbidity higher in L-RYGBP group (4 vs. 1; p = 0.04)

Discussion