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mi.ttu.ee
Sustainable Groundwater Resource Management in Estonian Oil Shale Deposit
Helena LindJüri R. PastarusTallinn University of Technology, Department of Mining
Kalmer Sokman and Erik VäliEstonian Oil Shale Mining Company (Eesti Põlevkivi)
Riho Iskül Kunda Nordic Cement Company
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Content of the presentation
• Sustainability• Is the groundwater resources
management sustainable?• Problems and impacts of oil shale mining• Environmental taxes • Are we sustainable?• Can we be more sustainable?• Conclusion
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Sustainability
• Water quality, resource and environmental diversity remains while groundwater is used
• We predict the impacts in advance and use the best possible technological solutions
• Long term development
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Impacts of the oil shale mining
• The main impact to the environment during mining and after mining:• change of water regime: decreasing &
increasing waterlevel• change of groundwater chemical
components
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Hydrogeological and mining conditions
• Mines next to closed and water filled areas• Oil shale outcrop area
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Dewatering: pumping stations
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Dr.sht.11 Dr.sht.14,15
Dr.sht.13
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Dr.sht.3
Dr.sht.16
Dr.sht.22
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Dr.sht.7
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Dr.sht.2
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Dr.sht.16
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16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Dewatering: pumping rate
Pumping rate at 2006 was 155 million m3
Precipitations 555 mm
Data: Estonian Oil Shale Company
Dewatering at Oil Shale mining Company 2002 - 2006
5663
76 76
61
4852
69
59
4339
5362
53
37
1419 21
17 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Pu
mp
ing
rat
e,
mil
lio
n m
3
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0100.0
Pre
cip
itat
ion
s, c
m
ESTONIA NARVA AIDU VIRU Precipitations, cm
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Dewatering: pumping rate per produced tonnage
Data: Estonian Oil Shale Company
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Oil Shaleproduction,million T
Pumped waterper tonnage ofOilShaleproduction, m3/T
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Pumped mine water
Analyse of 2006: • 50-90% precipitations• Recirculating water – water from
closed mines• Groundwater
Methodology of analyse: Reinsalu, E (2005). Changes in mine dewatering after the closure of exhausted oil shale mines. Oil Shale, 22(3), 261 - 273
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Changes in watertable
• Water level decreases
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Water quality: microcomponents of water in mine
Indicator UnitWater in mine, 2004
Water in mine, 2006
Normatives of mineral water
Normatives of drinking water
Soodla water reservoir
pH 7,1 7,44 6,5-9,5 8
NH4+ mg/l 0,017 0,26 <0,5 0,005
NO2- mg/l 0,015 0,01 <0,5 0,003
NO3- mg/l 11,7 6,41 50 50 0,76
Cl- mg/l 16,4 32,69 200 < 250
SO42- mg/l 342,4 36,1 200 < 250 31,1
Ca2+ mg/l 174,5 124,8 150 - 53
Mg2+ mg/l 51,6 40,9 50 - 5
Total Fe mg/l 0,69 0,48 1 < 0,2 (1,0) 0,27
Oil products mg/l 0,15 0,063 0.05
Total phenols mg/m3 <0,001 <0,003 < 0,0005
Data: Reinsalu, E; Valgma, I; Lind, H; Sokman, K (2006). Technogenic water body closed oil shale mines. Oil Shale, 23(1), 15 - 28.
Estonian Oil Shale Company
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Legislation
• Environmental taxes are increasing every year:
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008*
Year* new draft regulation of environmental taxes
mill
ion
kro
on
s
Water contamination
Drinking water andundergroundmine/open pit waterWaste dumping
Air pollution
Oil Shale(production+losses)
Data: Estonian Oil Shale Company
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Environmental taxes and sustainability
• Increasing environmental taxes has incentive effect:
• use new mining methods and technology,• new environment protective technologies (infiltration
dams)• to pump out less groundwater• to clean the water• To be more effective, decrease losses
-> to decrease usage of nature resources-> to decrease influence on environment
and society (nearby living people)
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Resources management
• To understanding the behaviour of a groundwater system and its interaction with the environment is nessesary to have a sustainable management plan
• Mathematical models supported by field information have a key role in assessing the future behaviour of a system to find effective operating conditions for sustainable development and management groundwater resources.
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Groundwater modelling
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Are we sustainable?
• Watertable recovers within 2 to 5 years after the pumping has stopped,
• The quality of waterfilled underground mine is close to natural groundwater limits within 5 years
Data: Reinsalu, E; Valgma, I; Lind, H; Sokman, K (2006). Technogenic water body closed oil shale mines. Oil Shale, 23(1), 15 - 28.
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Where can we be more efficient, sustainable?
• There can be techncal solutions to avoid water income – infiltration dams, permeable walls
• Clean the water to reach the drinking water quality
• Computational mathematical models can be used to allocate the technical and environmental constraints
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Where can we be more efficient, sustainable?
But,
->There is always question of money, what is more pofitable?
is it cheaper to pump the water and pay the taxes or
use new innovative solutions?
16-09-2007 TUT Mining Department mi.ttu.ee
Conclusion
• Increasing taxes has affect to develop new innovative technologies • to mine the maximum possible resources with
less losses,• in the same time avoiding expansive impact to
the environment
• There can be used technological solutions to be more effective, environmentally friendly, sustainable
mi.ttu.ee
Thank You for attention!