RESEARCH FORMATS

CITATION• quoting or paraphrasing of the

ideas coming from someone else• also known as parenthetical

citation

MLAvsAPA

MLA• stands for Modern Language

Association• a style to aid in the formation of papers• provide guidelines for the mechanics of

writing, including aspects of punctuation, quotation, and the documentation of sources

APA• stands for American Psychological

Association• a style to aid in the formation of papers• provide guidelines for the mechanics of

writing, including aspects of punctuation, quotation, and the documentation of sources

SIMILARITIES:• All of the margins with both styles

are 1".• Both have their own unique features.

DIFFERENCES

CITING REFERENCES (TEXT)MLA

• Includes the author's last name and page number of the reference

APA• Includes the author's

last name, the date of publication, and the page number of the reference

CITING REFERENCES(www)MLA

• Author's Last Name Author's First Name Title of Document Title of Complete Work Version or File Number Document date or date of last revision Protocol and address Access path or directories

APA• Author's Last Name

Author's Initial(s) Date of Document Title of Document Title of Complete Work Version or File Number Edition or Revision Number Protocol and address Access path or directories

CITING REFERENCES (QUOTATION)

MLA• Short quotations, fewer

than 4 complete lines, are in the text enclosed by quotation marks.

• Longer quotes are double indented, single spaced, and only use quotation marks used by the author

APA• Short quotations, fewer than

40 words, are in the text enclosed by quotation marks.

• Long quotations of 40 or more words are displayed in a double-spaced block of typewritten lines with no quotation marks.

• It is indented five spaces from the left margin.

FIRST PAGE FORMAT

MLA• Last Name and Page

Number Student's Full Name Professor's Name Department and Course Number The date that the paper is given to the professor

APA• Title

Student's Full Name Institutional Affiliation (If there is no institution, the city and state or the city and country of the author should be used.)

MLA FIRST PAGE

Cruz,1Kristina Marie R. CruzProf. Draizelle C. SexonBSBA 2nd year – 11-0012September 29, 2011

(title)

APA FIRST PAGE

(TITLE)

Kristina Marie R. CruzBSBA 2nd year

Pasig Catholic College

WITH TITLE PAGE?

MLA

•NOAPA

•YES

QUOTATION MARKS

MLA• prefers the writer,

with longer quotes, longer than 4 lines, to have lines that are double indented, single spaces, and only use quotation marks used by the author

APA• in long quotations of 40

or more words, is to be displayed in a double-spaced block of typewritten lines with no quotation marks

• It is indented five spaces from the left margin.

MLA STYLE

MAIN PARTS FOR CITATION OF BOOKS:

•Author• Title

• Facts of publication

A book By a Single Author or Agency

• Author’s last name comes before the given name or initial to facilitate alphabetizing

• Use the name exactly as it appears on the title page of the source’s name.

• If the book is the work of an agency instead of an individual, the name of the agency takes the place of the author’s name.

• The title and the subtitle of the book are underlined.

A book By a Single Author or Agency

• The place of publication, the publisher, and the date of publication are in that order.

• A colon separates the place of publication from the name of the publishing company and a comma separates the publisher’s name from the date.

• If the place of publication might be unfamiliar or unclear to your readers, add an abbreviation identifying the appropriate state or country.

A book By a Single Author or Agency

• Shorten the publisher’s name as long as the shortened form is easily identifiable.

• When you cannot locate one or more pieces of information concerning the facts of publication, use these abbreviations in the appropriate positions:

– No place: n.p.– No publisher: n.p.– No date:n.d.

Tuchman, Barbara W. A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1980.

REFERENCES:

• Dewey, Russ. A Publication Manual Crib Sheet." 1996.

• http://www.wooster.edu/psychology/ap'a-crib.html (10 Oct, 2000).

• Jones, Tod E. "MLA Style and Documentation. 2000.

• Ornos, Petra S. et al. “Communication Skills in the Discipline.”2004.