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Mobile Website DevelopmentMobile Internet Standards
Facilitated by:Michael WakaheJuly 2011
Table of Contents
Introduction to Mobile Web Standards
Structure
Presentation
Client Side Scripting
MIME Types
Standardization Bodies
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Introduction to Mobile Web Standards
Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
Fundamentally, there is one Web.
Its content is standardized markup, styles, scripts,
and multimedia viewable using web browsers.
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Mobile Web Standards
A standards-based approach to Mobile Web
development ensures compliance and usability
across mobile browsers & platforms.
Knowing all the rules & knowing when to ignore the
rules is necessary for success on the Mobile Web.
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Mobile Web Standards
Various standards involved in:
Structure
Presentation
Client Side Scripting
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Structure
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Mobile Web Standards
XML-formatted markup defines the document
structure
Handsets may support WML, XHTML, HTML4, HTML5
in varying degrees
These XML standards have various versions &
derivations
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Mobile Web Standards Previously WML was dominant, now best
results with XHTML MP
Specifically XHTML MP 1.0
Most modern phones support WAP 2.0, which uses XHTML MP as the primary markup language while WAP 1.0 used WML.
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Mobile Web Standards XHTML-MP (Extensible Hypertext Markup
Language - Mobile Profile) is a specialization XHTML designed to incorporate features useful to mobile devices.
XHTML-MP 1.0 was defined by the OMA and is an extension of the original W3C-inspired XHTML Basic 1.0.
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Mobile Web Standards
Over time, OMA has developed XHTML-MP and now has a proposed 1.2 version of its specification.
XHTML-MP comes with a mobile-friendly means of using CSS to separate presentation from the markup, just like on the desktop.
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Mobile Web Standards
XHTML-MP 1.0 sets the base tags for mobile markup.
XHTML-MP 1.1 adds the <script> tag and support for mobile JavaScript.
XHTML-MP 1.2 adds more form tags and text input modes.
Currently many mobile browsers do not support XHTML-MP 1.2.
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Mobile Web Standards
Mobile Web sites targeting only smartphones can use the full feature set of HTML 4 & in the near future, HTML 5.
Using desktop markup also invites transcoders - network appliances designed to optimize the Desktop Web for mobile devices by reformatting markup
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Mobile Web Standards
HTML 5 is the next major release of the foundational
language of the Web.
It is currently a draft recommendation undergoing
active revision at the W3C (
http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/)
HTML 5 will be the next standard for markup and
APIs supported in Web browsers.Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Presentation
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Mobile Web Standards
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) control the
presentation.
Most XHTML-MP mobile browsers support Wireless
CSS, CSS Mobile Profile, and/or CSS 2.
CSS 3 is new, coming along with HTML5Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
The OMA-managed Wireless CSS standard is a subset of CSS and is also part of the WAP 2.0 specification.
Note that Wireless CSS is not backwards compatible with WML.
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Mobile Web Standards
Wireless CSS and CSS Mobile Profile are tightly
related, but independent mobile subsets of
CSS2 used to style XHTML-MP documents.
Wireless CSS is a CSS2 subset standardized by
the Open Mobile Alliance.Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
CSS Mobile Profile is a CSS2 subset—with
some features borrowed from CSS3—that is
standardized by the W3C.
The W3C’s goal is to align CSS Mobile Profile
with Wireless CSS as much as possible.
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Mobile Web Standards
Overall, Wireless CSS is a more restricted subset and
an older standard targeted at Web browsers on
resource-limited mobile devices.
CSS Mobile Profile adds in much more of the CSS2
standard to enable richer web documents but risks
full support on mass market mobile browsers.
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Mobile Web Standards You can add Wireless CSS to your document the same way as
you would for a normal HTML document.
Link to an external global stylesheet using the following line: <link href="external.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
Insert styles at the document head the following example shows:
<style> p {
font-size: small; }
</style>
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Mobile Web Standards Wireless CSS supports a lot CSS attributes, but
not all of them.
More advanced styling techniques won’t likely work across multiple mobile browsers.
The best advice is to keep your CSS as simple as possible.
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Client Side Scripting
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Mobile Web Standards
Client-side scripting mainly through Javascript
ECMAScript-MP or mobile JavaScript targets mobile
phones
WMLScript is a scripting language which
complements WML.Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
Client-side scripting in mobile browsers used to be
the exclusive domain of smartphones, but this is
rapidly changing.
Many mass-market mobile devices beginning to
support mobile JavaScript.
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Mobile Web Standards
As with any client-side mobile technology, testing
JavaScript on actual mobile devices is critical for
effective development
Testing on emulators and in Firefox might not
uncover syntax problems and performance issues
that can occur on the target mobile device.
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Mobile Web Standards
Mobile and desktop JavaScript have virtually
identical syntax.
The mobile version is stringent about ending
lines with semicolons.
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Mobile Web Standards
Mobile JavaScript reduces the supported
character sets and excludes computationally
intensive language elements.
It differs from its desktop counterpart in the
extent of its DOM and event support in the
mobile browser.Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
DOM and event support can vary from one
browser vendor and version to another.
On-device testing is critical for success with
mobile JavaScript.
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Mobile Web Standards
You can use device awareness and content
adaptation techniques that enable conditional
inclusion of scripting to target only mobile
browsers with support for JavaScript.
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MIME Types
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Mobile Web Standards
Mobile MIME types (or content types) identify
the format of Mobile Web content.
Formats are differentiated by web servers and
browser clients in an HTTP transaction using
MIME types
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Mobile Web Standards
Text documents containing mobile markup
Binary files include viewable or playable
content like ringtones, wallpaper and videos,
and binary executable mobile applications
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Standardization Bodies
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Mobile Web Standards
Mobile Industry Groups and Standards Bodies
adherence to Mobile Web industry standards and
best practices is important for flexible and cross-
platform development.
Several Internet and mobile industry bodies govern
Mobile Web standards and recommended best
practicesCopyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
W3C: This body standardizes mobile markup
languages and publishes best practices documents
for Mobile Web development and testing.
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Mobile Web Standards
Open Mobile Alliance (formerly WAP Forum): This
body standardizes mobile markup and style
languages and other mobile technologies designed to
be interoperable across devices, geographies, and
mobile networks.
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Mobile Web Standards
dotMobi (http://mtld.mobi): This body controls
the .mobi top-level domain, the content of which
must be device-adaptive and compatible with mobile
devices.
This body also publishes best practices for Mobile
Web development and nurtures mobile developers,
marketers, and operators with online communities.Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights
Reserved.
Mobile Web Standards
Mobile Marketing Association: This body
centralizes technology recommendations and
best practices for marketing and advertising
on mobile devices.
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Mobile Web Standards
Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP)
(www.omtp.org): This operator-sponsored
mobile industry group standardizing mobile
device access from Web applications.
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The End
Michael Wakahemichael@tawi.mobi+254 (0) 20 239 3052
www.tawi.mobi
Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.