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Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
MobilityMobility MiddlewareMiddleware
ChallengesChallengesandand
SolutionsSolutions
Kimmo RaatikainenHelsinki University Computer Science Department
Helsinki Institute for Information Technologykimmo.raatikainen@{cs.helsinki.fi,hiit.fi}
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/Kimmo.Raatikainen/
Mobility Middleware – 9.3.2006 Kimmo Raatikainen 2
• MSc: Numerical analysis– stiff differential equations
• PhD: Capacity planning of computer systems– workload modeling, response time distributions
• Post doc: Simulation theory– precision control in multidimensional simulation
• Professor: Leading the NODES group– telecom software architectures– real-time databases and computing for telecoms– mobile computing and communication
• “Next life” (under construction)– operating system issues in future mobile computing
My CVMy CV
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PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline
• Helsinki University Computer Science Department– NODES Group
• Future Visions• Results from NODES Group
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Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
Professors
Doctor assistants
(University) lecturers
Assistants
Part-time teachers
Research personnel
Administration
Total
13
4
19
9
55
85
15
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UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKIUNIVERSITY OF HELSINKIDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCEDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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SectionsSections at at DeptDept of CSof CS
• Algorithms• Information Systems• Intelligent Systems• Software Engineering• Distributed Systems and Data Communications
– Research in the Networking in Open DistributedEnvironments (NODES) Group
• Bioinformatics
• Helsinki Institute for Information Technolgy – HIIT– Join reseach institute of Helsinki University and Helsinki
University of Technology (TKK)
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NODES GroupNODES Group
• Research challenge:– how and when systems
can be composed of autonomous units
– how the units interact and behave as a system
NODES Research Teams:Wireless Internet, Collaborative and Interoperable Computing, Computing Architectures and Platforms
Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced.Gregory Benford
• 2 professors• 8 university lecturers• c. 20 researchers in projects
• c. 10 M.Sc. students• c. 10 Ph.D. students
• c. 10 Ph.D. students in industry
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NODES Research AreasNODES Research Areas• Wireless Internet
– Efficient and secure always-on connectivity– Internet protocols in wireless environments– Mobility middleware
• Collaborative and Interoperable Computing– Inter-enterprise collaboration– Interoperability middleware– Trust management
• Computing Architectures and Platforms– Resource awareness and constraints– Secure run-time reconfiguration– Linux enhancements: timeliness, high-availability,
compactness
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ResearchResearch HighlightsHighlights
• TCP enhancements: RFCs, I-Ds, and Linux kernel• IP QoS in access networks• Mobile Middleware
– Wireless CORBA: OMG standard– Wireless JAVA RMI: standardization under evaluation– Efficient Agent communication: FIPA standard– SOAP for wireless links: under construction for W3C
• WWRF Service Architecture• Open Distributed Processing (ODP) standards by
ISO/ITU– trading– type repository– interface references and binding
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Jubilee BooksJubilee Books
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCESERIES OF PUBLICATIONS B
REPORT B-2004-3
Wireless Internet:Challenges and Solutions
First Ten Years of Research in Mobile Computingat Helsinki University Computer Science Department
and Challenges for the Next Ones
Kimmo Raatikainen
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKIFINLAND
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKIFINLAND
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCESERIES OF PUBLICATIONS B
REPORT B-2005-1
The First Ten Years ofThe NODES Group
Kimmo Raatikainen, editor
http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/kraatika/
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NODES NODES ResearchResearch ImpactImpact
Research
Internationalstandards
Education ScientificPublications
Open SourceSoftware
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Future VisionsFuture Visions
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Technology DomainsTechnology Domains
NetworkedServices:
Digital Home Domain(and other smart places):
Personal Domain: Ad-hoc Community:
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Other Smart PlacesOther Smart Places
Office:
Private Transportation:
Shopping Center:
Public Transportation:
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…… but do not forget nonbut do not forget non--smart placessmart places
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ObjectiveObjective
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Vision of the Vision of the FutureFuture
Self-Actualisation
Safety BelongingControlPrivacy
Human CapabilityAugmentation
Values
Personalization AmbientAwareness
Adaptation
Ubiquity
Consistency
Capabilities
Computing and Communication Hard- and Firmware
Operating System
Internet Protocol Suite
Mobile MiddlewareUI
Support
Open APIs
App App App
Self-Actualisation
Safety BelongingControlPrivacy
Human CapabilityAugmentation
Values
Self-Actualisation
Safety BelongingControlPrivacy
Human CapabilityAugmentation
Values
Personalization AmbientAwareness
Adaptation
Ubiquity
Consistency
CapabilitiesPersonalization Ambient
AwarenessAdaptation
Ubiquity
Consistency
Capabilities
Computing and Communication Hard- and Firmware
Operating System
Internet Protocol Suite
Mobile MiddlewareUI
Support
Open APIs
App App App
Computing and Communication Hard- and Firmware
Operating System
Internet Protocol Suite
Mobile MiddlewareUI
Support
Open APIs
AppApp AppApp AppApp
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• Future applications and platforms will be context-sensitive, adaptive, and personalized.
• They need to be run, in a reasonable and securemanner, on variety of execution environments: anywhere, anyhow, anytime, by anyone
• Future systems must support self-awareness, distributability, reconfigurability, proactivity, collaboration, security, trust, privacy, mobility, diverse access technologies, extendability, incremental deployment, resource awareness, …
Vision of the Vision of the FutureFuture
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NODES NODES ResearchResearch ChallengeChallenge CubeCube
Research Themes:Context Sensitivity
Security – Trust – PrivacyMobile Always-On Connectivity
Interoperability
Software
Artifac
ts:
Operat
ingSys
tems
Intern
et Prot
ocols
Middlew
are
Tools and Methods:Formal Methods
Programming ModelsPerformance Analysis
Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
From technology centric to user centric
From what we have now to what we leave behind us
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Six PremisesSix Premises1. Forget end user terminals
– dynamically configured end user systems
2. Stop thinking users in isolation– communities and buddies are important
– users will have several roles and belong to several communities
3. Users want to be involved– user in the driver’s seat
4. Devices are for the users – understanding users
5. People are different– managing mass-scale personalization
6. Trust is the king– systems that compromise the trustworthiness abuse our right of privacy and
will be considered as an insult and a fraud
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Three QuestionsThree Questions
1. Do our current operating systems support reconfigurability?
2. Are our programming models and tools adequate for context aware applications?
3. Do our current middleware solutions support development of such applications?
Answers: No, No, and NoAnswers: No, No, and No
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Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
Six Primary Research ChallengesSix Primary Research Challenges
1. Reconfigurable systems2. Context-awareness
3. Security - Trust - Privacy4. Software Development and Maintenance
5. Programming models6. Wireless communications
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ReconfigurableReconfigurable SystemsSystems
• End-user system instead of end-user device• Research issues:
– detection of devices– environment monitoring– event notification– event filtering– system modeling– configuration management– management of ad-hoc communities– group communication– decision rules for reconfiguration
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ContextContext awarenessawareness
• Almost any information available at the time of interaction can be seen as context information
• Research Issues:– extraction of context information– interpretion of context information– reasoning about the current contextual situation– adaptation of application behaviour– ways to express which pieces of information belong to the context– distributed (RDF/XML) data management
– context modeling
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Security Security -- Trust Trust -- PrivacyPrivacy• Security, trust and privacy must be addressed
– from the very beginning of system design– on all levels: hardware, operating system, protocols, middleware– Trust is not of type On/Off
• Research issues:– protecting system against unauthorized modifications– program validation/verification
• what an uploaded/downloaded piece of software really does– trust modeling– how fragments of information can be efficiently shared in a controlled
manner– key/certificate management– implications of ad-hoc communities
• what can be done without trusted servers– system integrity (Trusted Computing Framework)
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Software Development and Software Development and MaintenanceMaintenance• Software Architectures
– to get the software architecture right:• Not too detailed – Not too summary
– modularity allowing exchanges• any block of software/hardware can be replaced• new “hardware” technologies can be incorporated
– clarify thinking: architecture is a design tool• not to mix apples and oranges
– currently the worst area of ”NIH research”
• Software Processes• Software Life Cycle Management• Service Configuration and Deployment• Targets:
– Increase abstraction level without scarifying performance too much– Increase automation (through modeling)– From craftswork to industry
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Programming ModelsProgramming Models
• Currently Java and client/server dominates• Many useful applications are naturally expressed according to the
client-server paradigm– How to implement servers in proximity networks
• Context expressed as rules– Condition-action programming model: to specify conditions under
which each action is to be launched– Guarded Commands: Old ideas of Dijkstra and Hoare
• Partially available systems – a new approach to fault tolerance– Programming models to compensate/overcome missing functionality
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WirelessWireless CommunicationCommunication
• air link is and will remain narrow and error-prone• optimization on all levels is necessary
– link, network and transport layers– messaging layer– communication languages (presentation layer)– interaction protocols and patterns– One can destroy the performance on each level!
• Quality-of-Service in wireless and mobile systems• Group communication• Mobility management:
– terminal mobility– (sub)network mobility– personal mobility– session mobility
Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
ConclusionConclusion
It is time to reconsider fundamentals!Evolution is fine but you need to be ready for
a revolution.
In 1972 Dijkstra defined computer science as managing complexity
Now we really need to manage the complexity
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Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
Current and Past ProjectsCurrent and Past Projects
Most of our research has been funded by EC, National Technology Agency (Tekes), and
industry
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Wireless Internet Project FamilyWireless Internet Project Family
Mowgli: 1993-1999
DOLMEN: 1995-1998
Monads 1998-2000
wCORBA1998-2000
IWTCP 1999-2000
IIP Mobile 2001
IIP Wireless 2002
BRAIN2000-2001
MIND2001-2002
Fuego Core 2002-2004
TranSat2001-2003
MONTAGE 1998-2000
Crumpet 2000-2002
VAAWIT2001-2003
PRIME1998-2000
ANWIRE: 2002-2004
IIP Mixture 2003-2004
SESSI2004-2005
Fuego Core 05/7 2005-
Dynamos 2004-
IIP Cross: 2005- S4ALL: 2005-
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MonadsMonads
• 1998-2000• Partners:
– Nokia (NMP,NTC,NRC)– Sonera
• Topics:– agent communication in
wireless environments– adaptability to available
resources– short-term predictions of
available resources
www.cs.helsinki.fi/research/monads/
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MDCP
WirelessNetwork
WirelineNetwork
Mobile Host
IIOPTCP/IP
Agent Platform
IIOPTCP/IP
Gateway Host
MDCP
Agent Platform
AgentPlatform
QoS Prediction
Monads CommunicationServices
Monads Communication Services
Agent Agent Agent Agent AgentAgent
Fixed Network Host
Monads Communication ArchitectureMonads Communication Architecture
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MDCS
MowgliWeb
AgentMowgli
WebProxy
MDCS
MonadsWeb
Agent
ImageCompression
Agent
QoSPrediction
Agent
MonadsMonads ServicesServices
Web Server
Netscape
Mobile Terminal Fixed Network
Wir
eles
sLin
k
Monads Web Agent ArchitectureMonads Web Agent Architecture
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ClientAgentClientAgent
QoSPrediction
Agent
QoSPrediction
Agent
RouteModelerAgent
RouteModelerAgent
QoSModelerAgent
QoSModelerAgent
PerceptionService
PerceptionService
QoSManagement
QoSManagement
LocationService
LocationService
LogLog
A B B C
C D D E
AB
C
DE
FG
B
A C
B D G
A:1C:3
A:1C:1
C:2
C:1A:1
C:1
Waypoint Map
QoS ModelRoute Model
GPS
Monads Monads QoSQoS Prediction ArchitecturePrediction Architecture
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FuegoFuego Program 2004Program 2004
•c. 15 researchers in 2 (3) groups:•Mobile Computing Group
•Prof. Kimmo Raatikainen•Other senior researchers:
•Dr. Ken Rimey•Dr. Pekka Nikander•Dr. Andrei Gurtov
Charter:to address the research challenges enabling future Internet –
novel concepts, applications and key enablers
Focus areas:• Mobile Middleware• Host Identity Protocol• Personal Distributed
Information
Current projectsFuego Core, InfraHIP, Dynamos
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Main Main ArchievementsArchievements
• Mobile Middleware– Efficient SOAP/XML messaging
• Strong W3C involvement
– asynchronous events and SIP interworking
– XML-based file syncronization
– prototype implementation for Linux and port to S-60
• Personal Distributed Information Store– update-anywhere replicated XML database concept
– prototype for Linux and port to Symbian
• Host Identity Protocol– Linux kernel (2.6) implementation
– IETF contributions
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BEEPBEEPHTTP 1.1HTTP 1.1
Wireless SOAPWireless SOAP
Presence ClientPresence Client
Sync.File systemSync.File system
BEEPBEEPHTTP 1.1HTTP 1.1
JettyJetty Wireless SOAP/SOAPWireless SOAP/SOAP
Apache AxisApache Axis
Presence ServicePresence Service
IPIP
Distributed ServersMobile Clients
JettyJetty
Ubiquitous and Pervasive software
TCP
Mobile ServicesMobile ServicesMobile ApplicationsMobile Applications
Filter Service
Filter ServiceEvent Service
Event BusServletsServlets
Sync. FileSystem
Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
FuegoFuego Core SystemCore System
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BEEPBEEPHTTP 1.1HTTP 1.1
Wireless SOAPWireless SOAP
Presence ClientPresence Client
Sync.File systemSync.File system
BEEPBEEPHTTP 1.1HTTP 1.1
JettyJetty Wireless SOAP/SOAPWireless SOAP/SOAP
Apache AxisApache Axis
Presence ServicePresence Service
IPIP
Distributed ServersMobile Clients
JettyJetty
Ubiquitous and Pervasive software
TCP
Mobile ServicesMobile ServicesMobile ApplicationsMobile Applications
Filter Service
Filter ServiceEvent Service
Event BusServletsServlets
Sync. FileSystem
Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
FuegoFuego Core SystemCore System
End-to-end authentication of hostsEncryption of network traffic using IPsec
Mobility and multihoming supportResilient sockets
End-to-end authentication of hostsEncryption of network traffic using IPsec
Mobility and multihoming supportResilient sockets
Reliable messagingMultiplexing multiple connections on TCP
Prioritization of connections
Reliable messagingMultiplexing multiple connections on TCP
Prioritization of connections
Efficient sync/async messagingEfficient XML serialization
Persistent connections across mobility
Efficient sync/async messagingEfficient XML serialization
Persistent connections across mobility
Expressive async. communicationContent-based routing using filtersEvent buffering / mobility support
Support for context-aware operation
Expressive async. communicationContent-based routing using filtersEvent buffering / mobility support
Support for context-aware operation
Automatic reconciliation of XML documents Optimized storage of XML
Ad-hoc file sharingIntegrates with existing file systems (NFS)
Automatic reconciliation of XML documents Optimized storage of XML
Ad-hoc file sharingIntegrates with existing file systems (NFS)
Presence service based on eventsControl of presence attribute visibilityPresence service based on events
Control of presence attribute visibility
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FuegoFuego Solution StackSolution Stack
• Host Identity Protocol– End-to-end authentication of hosts– Encryption of network traffic using
IPsec– Mobility and multihoming support– Resilient sockets
• BEEP– Reliable messaging– Multiplexing multiple connections on
TCP– Prioritization of connections
• Wireless SOAP– Efficient sync/async messaging– Efficient XML serialization– Persistent connections across
mobility
• Event Service– Expressive async. communication– Content-based routing using filters– Event buffering / mobility support– Support for context-aware operation
• Syncronized File Systems– Automatic reconciliation of XML
documents – Optimized storage of XML– Ad-hoc file sharing– Integrates with existing file systems
(NFS)
• Presence Client– Presence service based on events– Control of presence attribute visibility
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FuegoFuego Core 2005/7Core 2005/7
local ExE
InternetProtocol
Suite*
local ExE
InternetProtocol
Suite*
mwarecommun
mwarecommun
Distributed Execution Environment
Event SystemXML/RDF Data Access
middleware communication
IP connectivity*
*: external enabler
Security Services *
Discovery
*
Discovery
*
Security Servives *
•Mobile distributed events
•XML messaging
•XML/RDF data access
•Software configuration
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Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
FinalFinal MessageMessage
Mobility Middleware – Naples, Italy © Kimmo Raatikainen 9.3.2006
LINUXwas invented
here
LINUXwas invented
here