Modern Concepts in Earth Science

Igneous RocksFormed in Rift

Igneous RocksFormed Above

Subducting Plate

Course 7 – Igneous Rocks

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Extrusive Igneous Rock

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Intrusive Igneous Rock

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Bowen’s Reaction Series

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Igneous Rock Classification by Composition

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Gabbro Basalt

Mafic Rocks

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AndesiteDiorite

Intermediate Rocks

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Granite Rhyolite

Felsic Rocks

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Peridotite Komatiite

Ultramafic Rocks

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Ternary Diagrams

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Modal Classification of Igneous Rocks

(foid)-bearing Trachyte

(foid)-bearing Latite

(foid)-bearing Andesite/Basalt

(Foid)ites

10

60 60

35 65

10

20 20

60 60

F

A P

Q

Rhyolite Dacite

Trachyte LatiteAndesite/Basalt

Phonolite Tephrite

Quartz-richGranitoid

9090

6060

2020Alkali Fs.Quartz Syenite

QuartzSyenite

QuartzMonzonite

QuartzMonzodiorite

Syenite Monzonite Monzodiorite

(Foid)-bearingSyenite

5

10 35 65(Foid)-bearingMonzonite

(Foid)-bearingMonzodiorite

90

Alkali Fs.Syenite

(Foid)-bearingAlkali Fs. Syenite

10

(Foid)Monzosyenite

(Foid) Syenite

(Foid)Monzodiorite

(Foi

d) G

abbr

o

Qtz. Diorite/Qtz. Gabbro

5

10

Diorite/Gabbro/Anorthosite

(Foid)-bearingDiorite/Gabbro

60

(Foid)olites

Quartzolite

Granite Grano-diorite

Tonalite

Alka

li Feld

spar

Gra

nite

Q

A P

F

60Q = Quartz

A = Alkali Feldspar

F = Feldspathoids

P = Plagioclase

VolcanicPlutonic

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Igneous Textures

Aphanitic texture - basalt Phaneritic texture - granite

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Porphyritic texture - Granite Volcanic Glass - Obsidian

Igneous Textures

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Volcaniclastic Rock - Pyroclastic Flows Pegmatite

Igneous Textures

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Summary of Igneous Rock Texture and Composition

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Continental Large Igneous Provinces

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Geothermal Gradient

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Melting Temperatures (Dry Igneous Rocks)

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Melting Temperatures (Wet Igneous Rocks)

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Decompression melting

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The Role of Water

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Magmatic Differentiation and Assimilation

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The Andesite Line

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Structure of Oceanic Crust and Formation of Ophiolites

pillow basalt

sheeted diabase dike swarms

gabbro

layered gabbro

mantle peridotite, dunite,

lherzolite, or hartzbergite.