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Module 9Transport of
Hazardous materials
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Introduction
Clinical and research laboratories often receive and shiphazardous material Biological specimens and microorganisms
Chemicals and reagents
Gas cylinders
Radioactive isotopes
Laboratory waste
Expired chemicals and hazardous waste
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"Dangerous Goods"
for carriageCriteria defined under 9 UN hazard classes
Classify and assign UN number and proper shipping
name
Each has entry in Dangerous Goods List which indicates limitations
packaging
labelling
special provisions
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Hazmat classification ofHazardous material
Hazardousmaterials
CLASS I
Explosives
CLASS II
Gases
CLASS III
Flamablel iquids
CLASS IV
Other flammable
Substance
CLASS V
Oxidizing &
Organic peroxidase
CLASS VI
Toxin & infectious
Substance
CLASS VII
Radioactive
materials
CLASS VIII
Corrosives
CLASS IX
Miscellaneous
dangerous Goods
Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 2.1Flammable
Gas
Division 2.2Non-
flammable
Gas
Division 2.3Toxic
Division 3.1
Flameable liquis
Division 3.2Combustable
liquid
Division 4.1
Flamable solid
Division 4.2
Sp. combustable
\solid
Division 4.3Flameable in
water
Division 5.1
Oxidizers
Division 5.2
Organic
peroxidase
Division 6.1
Toxic substances
Division 6.2
Infectious
substance
Division 1.4
Division 1.5
Division 1.6
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Hazardous material classification
transport symbolsHazardousmaterials
CLASS I
Explosives
CLASS II
Gases
CLASS III
Flamablel iquids
CLASS IV
Other flammable
Substance
CLASS V
Oxidizing &
Organic peroxidase
CLASS VI
Toxin & infectious
Substance
CLASS VII
Radioactive
materials
CLASS VIII
Corrosives
CLASS IX
Miscellaneous
dangerous Goods
Division 1.1
Division 1.2
Division 1.3
Division 2.1Flammable
Gas
Division 2.2Non-
flammable
Gas
Division 2.3Toxic
Division 3.1Flameable liquis
Division 3.2Combustable
liquid
Division 4.1Flamable solid
Division 4.2Sp. combustable
\solid
Division 4.3Flameable in
water
Division 5.1
Oxidizers
Division 5.2Organic
peroxidase
Division 6.1
Toxic substances
Division 1.6
Division 1.2
Division 1.2
Division 1.5
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Individual workers responsibilities
That means
YOU!
Transport of
Biological Materials
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Classification
Packaging
Labelling
Documentation
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International agreements for
transport of dangerous goodsUN Recommendations/ Model Regulations formthe basis for international, regional and nationalregulations
Road ADR
Rail RID
Air ICAO (IATA)
Sea IMDG
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Regulations - Road and Air
transportThe Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use ofTransportable Pressure Equipment Regulations 2004
cross references to ADR (& RID)
The Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use)Regulations 2000
Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport ofDangerous Goods by Air - ICAO
Dangerous Goods Regulations - IATA
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Class 6.2 - Infectious substances
Substances known or reasonably expected to containpathogens
Can cause disease in humans or animals
Certain biological materials meet definition stringent requirements for classification, packaging and labelling
Consider any other hazardous properties
Other biological materials
specific requirements to package safely
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UN numbers andproper shipping names
Exempt human/animal specimen
Genetically modified microorganismUN3245
Clinical waste, Unspecified Bio medical Waste,
regulated medical waste
UN 3291
Infectious substance affecting humans
Genetically modified microorganism
UN 2814A
Infectious substance affecting animals only,
Genetically modified microorganism
UN 2900A
Biological SubstanceUN 3373B
Dry ice, Dangerous goodsUN 1845
Biological materialUN NoCat.
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Category A: an infectious substance which iscarried in a form that, when exposure to it occurs,is capable of causing permanent disability, life-
threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthyhumans or animalsAssign to UN 2814 or UN 2900
Category B: an infectious substance which does
not meet the criteria for inclusion in Category AAssign to UN 3373
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Following not subject to
regulationsMicro-organisms that are not human or animalpathogens
GMMs that can be handled at CL 1 and are not vectors(and plasmids, naked DNA etc)
Samples from non- human and non-animal sources,that are either unlikely to contain pathogens or may doso at natural level
Exempted materials
Blood, tissues or organs collected for bloodtransfusion, preparation of blood products or fortransplant (all in humans)
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Following not subject to
regulationsDried blood spots
Faecal occult blood screening tests
Not controlled if material not derived from humans oranimals and
possibility, but low probability, contains pathogens, and concentration at natural levels
Examples include foodstuffs, water and environmentalsamples
Send as non-dangerous goods - do not confuse withsending as Exempt specimens
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Refrigerated/cooled materials
Typically use either wet or dry ice
Both may affect packaging
Dry ice on Dangerous Goods List
UN 1845 CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLID Minimal requirements for road transport
Various requirements for air transport
Avoid using liquid nitrogen
contact appropriate authority for advice
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Key point
Category A infectious substances must not be
transported by untrained personnel
Transported in appropriate vehicle with driver trained
and certifiedMust not be carried by passengers as/or in checked
baggage, carry-on baggage or on their person
Must always be transported as separate packages inthe hold and must always be declared
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PackagingAll use triple layer system
For some must use UN type-approved packaging
No limits on quantities per package for road transport
Quantity limits on packages for air transportProcedure and type specified in applicable PackingInstruction
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Triple layer system
Leakproof primary receptacle
wrapped in sufficient absorbent material to absorb theentire contents
Leakproof secondary receptacleOuter packaging (rigid)
Enclose paperwork between secondary and outer
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Triple Packaging
Primary receptacle (labeled,primary water tight, leakproof receptacle containingthe specimen)
Secondary receptacle(durable, water tight, leakproof receptacle containingprimary receptacle)
Outer shipping package(rigid, bearing forms,
permits, etc.)
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Triple Packaging
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Packaging Instruction
UN 2814 or UN 2900 (Category A)
Packing Instruction 620/602 (UN type-approved)
UN 3373 (Category B)
Packing Instruction 650/650
UN 3245 (non-infectious GMMs)
Packing Instruction 904/913
UN 1845 (dry ice)
Packing Instruction ---/904
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Refrigerated/cooled
Ensure packaging maintains integrity when ice meltsor dissipates
Must permit release of gas - ALWAYS place dry iceoutside secondary
Use cold packs or similar for wet ice
If Category A must ensure use UN
type-approved packaging properly
Various options
Eg combination packs, overpacks, thermal control units etc
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Labels
Delivery address
Senders details
Emergency contact details
name and telephone number
And as appropriate
UN number and proper shipping name
Hazard warning label
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Category A
Mark with UN number and proper shipping
name
UN 2814 Or UN 2900
And following hazard warning label
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Category B
Mark with propershipping name
BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE,CATEGORY B
And following mark
Note no biohazard
sign or Class number
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GMM (non-infectious)
Mark with UN number and
proper shipping nameUN 3245 GENETICALLY MODIFIED
MICRO-ORGANSIMS
And following hazard
warning label
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Exempt specimens
Mark as appropriate with words
EXEMPT HUMAN SPECIMEN
or
EXEMPT ANIMAL SPECIMEN
No UN number or hazard warning label is
required
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Dry ice transport by air
Mark with UN number, proper
shipping name and net
weight (Kg) of dry ice
UN 1845 DRY ICE ##Kg
And following hazard warning
label
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Packages containing liquids
Must display the following Package
Orientation label on two opposite sides
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Paperwork/documentation
- within packageBetween secondary and outer
Must include Senders details
Delivery details Emergency contact details
Description of the goods
UN number and proper shipping name
And for UN 2814 or UN 2900
Add technical name after proper shipping nameItemised list of contents
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Sending dangerous goods bycourier
Must meet classification, packaging andlabelling requirements
Give full description of goods to courier in
advanceSome couriers will not carry dangerousgoods or impose additional requirements
It is illegal to conceal dangerous goods in
any packaging not showing appropriatelabels
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Sending dangerous goods by post
Must meet both legislative and Post Officerequirements
Various prohibitions and restrictions
Category A prohibited in domestic mail Dry ice prohibited
Maximum amount of infectious substances restrictedto 50g or 50ml
Only certain persons can send by post
Can not send dangerous goods in internationalservice (Exempt specimens allowed)
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Security
Must take measures to minimise theft or misuse
Hand packages over only to properly identified persons
or companies
Packages must always be secure not accessible to general public
Additional considerations for packages containing
Category A materials - high consequence dangerous
goods
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Acknowledgement
The University of Edinburgh Health and
Safety Department
(http://www.safety.ed.ac.uk)Asia-Pacific Biosafety Training Network
(http://apbtn.com)