MORPHOLOGYValene Hope Cebuco

Jeffren Pancho Miguel

What is MORPHOLOGY?System of categories and rules involved in

word formation and interpretation.

Two basic goals in studying morphology

• To isolate the component parts of words• To determine the rules by which words are

formed

THE SYNTACTIC CATEGORIESThe Eight Parts of Speech

• Noun• Pronoun• Verb• Adjectives• Adverb• Prepositions• Conjunctions• Articles

MORPHEME

• It is a part of a word that change meanings, make one part of speech into another, and show such grammatical functions as tense and plurality.

Example: buyers

{buy} + {er} + {s}

BOUND AND FREEMorphemes

Bound Morphemes – cannot occur unattached.

Free Morphemes – can stand on its own. (root words and function words)

Ex. glasses glass – free morpheme-es – bound morpheme

FREE MORPHEMESLexical Category (content words)

• Noun• Adverb• Adjectives• Verb

These syntactic categories are also called

OPEN CLASS WORDS.

Grammatical Category (function)

• Pronoun• Conjunction• Preposition• Article

These syntactic categories are also called CLOSED CLASS words

BOUND MORPHEMES

• Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes)

-derivational-inflectional

DERIVATIONALEx. ImpossibleIm- deriv. Possible – root word

INFLECTIONALEight inflectional affixes in English• Plural ( -s, -es)• Possesive (‘s)• Comparative (-er)• Superlative (-est)• Tenses ( -s, -ed)• Participle (-en, -ing)

MORPHOLOGYIdentifying the Morphemes

Word FreeBound

OpenClosed

InflectionalDerivational

Affix(prefix)(suffix)(root)

Insensitivity -in - sense - itive - ity

BoundFreeBoundBound

OpenDerivational

DerivationalDerivational

PrefixRootSuffixSuffix

Disengaged dis- engage -d

BoundFreeBound

OpenDerivational

Inflectional

PrefixRootSuffix

Disengaged (verb)

dis - engaged (verb)

(v) engage -d

Insensitivity (noun)

insensitive (adj) - ity

in - sensitive (adj)

sense - itive

WORD ORIGINS

Etymology – the study of word origins.Lexical gap – nonsense words

RULES ON WORD FORMATION

• Inheritance • Neologisms (Creation de Novo)• Blending• Acronyms– Initialism– Reverse Acronym

• Creation by Shortening•Derivation

- by affixation- Without Affixation

• Compounding• Eponyms

- based on personal names.- based on geographical

names.- names from literature,

myths, and folklore.- based on commercial brand

names.

• Other sources.