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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 22

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 33

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 44

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 55

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 66

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 77

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 88

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 99

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1010

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1111

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1313

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1414

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1515

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1616

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1717

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1818

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 1919

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2020

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2121

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2222

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2323

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2424

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2525

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2626

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2727

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2828

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 2929

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3030

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3131

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3232

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3333

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3434

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3535

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3636

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3737

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3838

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 3939

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4040

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4141

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4242

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4343

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4444

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4545

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4646

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4747

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4848

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 4949

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5151

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5252

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5353

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5454

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5555

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5656

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5757

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5858

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 5959

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6060

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6262

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6363

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6464

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6565

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6666

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6767

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6868

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 6969

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7070

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7171

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7272

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7373

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7474

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7575

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7676

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7777

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7878

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 7979

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8080

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8181

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8282

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8383

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8484

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8585

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8686

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8787

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8888

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 8989

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9090

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9191

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9292

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9393

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9494

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9595

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9696

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9797

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 9898

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 100100

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 101101

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 102102

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 103103

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 104104

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 105105

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 106106

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 107107

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 108108

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 109109

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 111111

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 112112

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 113113

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 114114

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 115115

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 116116

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 117117

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 118118

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 119119

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 120120

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 121121

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 122122

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 123123

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 124124

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 125125

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 126126

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 127127

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 128128

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 129129

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 130130

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 131131

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 132132

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 133133

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 134134

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 135135

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 136136

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 137137

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 138138

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 139139

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 140140

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 141141

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 142142

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 143143

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 144144

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 145145

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 146146

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 147147

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 149149

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 150150

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 151151

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 152152

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 153153

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 154154

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 155155

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 156156

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 157157

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 158158

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 160160

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 161161

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 162162

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 163163

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 164164

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 165165

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 166166

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 167167

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 168168

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 169169

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 170170

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 171171

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 172172

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 173173

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 174174

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 175175

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 176176

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 177177

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 178178

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 179179

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 180180

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 181181

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 182182

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 183183

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 184184

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 185185

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 186186

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 187187

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 188188

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 189189

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 190190

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 191191

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 192192

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 193193

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 194194

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 195195

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 196196

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 198198

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 199199

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 200200

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 201201

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 202202

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 203203

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 204204

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 205205

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 206206

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 207207

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 209209

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 210210

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 211211

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 212212

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 213213

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 214214

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 215215

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 216216

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 217217

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 218218

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 219219

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 220220

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 221221

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 222222

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 223223

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 224224

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 225225

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 226226

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 227227

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 228228

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 229229

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 230230

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 231231

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 232232

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 233233

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 234234

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 235235

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 236236

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 237237

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 238238

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 239239

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 240240

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 241241

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 242242

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 243243

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 244244

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 245245

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 247247

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 248248

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 249249

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 250250

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 251251

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 252252

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 253253

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 254254

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 255255

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 256256

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 258258

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 259259

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 260260

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 261261

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 262262

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 263263

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 264264

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 265265

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 266266

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 267267

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 268268

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 269269

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 270270

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 271271

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 272272

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 273273

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 274274

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 275275

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 276276

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 277277

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 278278

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 279279

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 280280

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 281281

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 282282

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 283283

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 284284

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 285285

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 286286

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 287287

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 288288

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 289289

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 290290

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 291291

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 292292

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 293293

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 294294

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 296296

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 297297

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 298298

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 299299

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 300300

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 301301

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 302302

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 303303

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 304304

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 305305

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 307307

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 308308

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 309309

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 310310

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 311311

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 312312

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 313313

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 314314

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 315315

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 316316

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 317317

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 318318

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 319319

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 320320

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 321321

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 322322

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 323323

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 324324

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 325325

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 326326

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 327327

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 328328

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 329329

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 330330

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 331331

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 332332

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 333333

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 334334

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 335335

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 336336

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 337337

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 338338

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 339339

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 340340

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 341341

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 342342

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 343343

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 345345

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 346346

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 347347

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 348348

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 349349

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 350350

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 351351

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 352352

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 353353

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 354354

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 356356

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 357357

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 358358

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 359359

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 360360

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 361361

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 362362

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 363363

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 364364

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 365365

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 366366

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 367367

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 368368

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 369369

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 370370

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 371371

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 372372

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 373373

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 374374

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 375375

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 376376

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 377377

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 378378

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 379379

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 380380

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 381381

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 382382

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 383383

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 384384

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 385385

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 386386

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 387387

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 388388

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 389389

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 390390

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 391391

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 392392

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 394394

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 395395

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 396396

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 397397

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 398398

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 399399

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 400400

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 401401

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 402402

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 403403

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 405405

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 406406

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 407407

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 408408

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 409409

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 410410

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 411411

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 412412

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 413413

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 414414

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 415415

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 416416

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 417417

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 418418

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 419419

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 420420

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 421421

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 422422

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 423423

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 424424

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 425425

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 426426

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 427427

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 428428

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 429429

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 430430

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 431431

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 432432

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 433433

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 434434

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 435435

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 436436

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 437437

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 438438

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 439439

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 440440

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 441441

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 443443

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 444444

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 445445

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 446446

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 447447

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 448448

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 449449

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 450450

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 451451

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 452452

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 454454

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 455455

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 456456

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 457457

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 458458

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 459459

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 460460

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 461461

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 462462

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 463463

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 464464

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 465465

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 466466

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 467467

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 468468

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 469469

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 470470

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 471471

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 472472

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 473473

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 474474

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 475475

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 476476

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 477477

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 478478

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 479479

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 480480

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 481481

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 482482

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 483483

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 484484

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 485485

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 486486

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 487487

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 488488

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 489489

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 490490

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 492492

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 493493

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 494494

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 495495

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 496496

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 497497

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 498498

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 499499

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 500500

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 501501

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 503503

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 504504

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 505505

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 506506

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 507507

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 508508

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 509509

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 510510

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 511511

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 512512

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 513513

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 514514

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 515515

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 516516

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 517517

INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 518518

TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 519519

ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 520520

EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 521521

SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 522522

PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 523523

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 524524

ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 525525

FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 526526

SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 527527

FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 528528

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 529529

DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 530530

FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 531531

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 532532

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 533533

LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 534534

FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 535535

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 536536

PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 537537

EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 538538

GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 539539

Thank YouThank You

WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 541541

STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 542542

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 543543

SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 544544

SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 545545

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 546546

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 547547

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 548548

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 549549

DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 550550

PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 552552

Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 553553

External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 554554

Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 555555

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 556556

SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 557557

THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 558558

SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 559559

POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 560560

Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 561561

GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 562562

Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 563563

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You