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JNC‐ICID AND INWEPF WORKSHOP‘B t P ti R l t d t W t E t P dd‘Best Practice Related to Water‐Ecosystem‐Paddy
Fields in Asia Region’
Mr Mohd Yazid AbdullahINWEPF Malaysia CommitteeINWEPF Malaysia Committee
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
1) I t d ti t INWEPF1) Introduction to INWEPF 2) Food security in Asia Region3) I i ti d f d d ti d i t3) Irrigation and food production and environment.4) Multifunctional roles of paddy fields 5) W ki G 1 ti iti lti l l5) Working Group 1 activities on multiple roles 6) Evaluation and Monetary assessment for
M ltif tiMultifunction 7) Pilot study and preparation of guidelines for
t tmonetary assessment 8) Conclusion
INTRODUCTIONINTRO UCTION1. Asia Monsoon region ‐more than half of the world’s
population resides, p p ,2. Rice have been cultivated over thousand years ‐most
important staple crop; adapted to the climate and has supported large population.
3. The paddy systems have provided not only food but also a broad benefits in the social economic environmental andbroad benefits in the social, economic, environmental and cultural aspects to the region.
4. Perception that large scale paddy planting in Asian p g p y p gcountries are contributing to degradation of the environment through destruction of ecosystem and
h i imethane gas emission. 5. Overlooked the importance of paddy field in providing
many other benefitsmany other benefits. ###
INTRODUCTIONINTRO UCTION INWEPF – International Network for Water and Ecosystem in
Paddy Fields Paddy Fields.
Established in order to address three challenges, which the 3rdWWF (h d b MAFF d FAO) d d WWF (hosted by MAFF and FAO) adopted.
The three challenges are:1. Food security and poverty alleviation2. Sustainable water use3. Partnership3 p
Member Country: Japan, South Korea, China, Malaysia, Cambodia, Sri Langka, Japan, South Korea, China, Malaysia, Cambodia, Sri Langka, Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Philippines, Lao PDR, Bangladesh, Egypt, India and Pakistan
International Authority: International Authority:IWMI, FAO, MR, ICID, PAWEES and Others
INTRODUCTION TO INWEPFINTRO UCTION TO INW PF
INWEPF Working Groups
1. Working Group 1 : Multiple roles of paddy fields, Lead by INWEPF Malaysia
2. Working Group 2 : Balance 0f production and environmental protection . Lead by INWEPF Korea
3. Working Group 3 : Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). Lead by INWEPF Japan
INWEPF MEMBER COUNTRIES: Area of paddy, value of rice production and populationrice production and population
CountryArea of Paddy Rice prod. value Population
ha Mill. USD Mill.1 Japan 2,602,319 22,856 1282 Bangladesh 10,780,000 5,725 1503 C b di 2 414 500 879 153 Cambodia 2,414,500 879 154 China 29,116,000 27,467 1,3705 Egypt 700,000 1,654 776 India 43,660,000 20,620 1,2106 3,660,000 0,6 0 1,2107 Indonesia 11,800,901 11,352 2388 South Korea 1,084,024 3,654 499 Laos 736,020 313 610 Malaysia 676,200 474 2911 Myanmar 7,008,000 3,244 5412 Nepal 1,453,000 614 2913 Pakistan 2,621,400 1,776 18013 Pakistan 2,621,400 1,776 18014 Philippine 4,272,890 2,766 10215 Sri Lanka 915,260 517 2116 Thailand 10,224,966 4,980 6717 Viet Nam 7,329,200 4,356 90
Total 137,394,680 113,247 3,694
Food security in Asia Region
1. Food price spikes in 2008 exposed vulnerability in the food supply demand
2. Raising demand resulted from population growth and economic development.
3. Increasing instability of food production associated with climate change
4. The key to address food security is through effective use of limited water and land resources
5. In the Asia Monsoon region, rice is most important staple crop
Food security in Asia Region
To meet future food demand, Fraiture ,2007 suggested;1. Investment to increase food production in rain‐fed p
agriculture.2. Investment in irrigated agriculture
i l l d b di f d d f3. Agricultural trade – by trading food product from water rich and highly productive areas to water short areasshort areas
4. Reducing gross food demand – by influencing diets, reducing post harvest loss, and reducing industrial g p , gand household wastes
Irrigation and food production and ienvironment
1. Asia accounts for more than 7o percent of world irrigated area p gand 2/3 of this area is devoted to staple food of rice and wheat
1. Issues of main and small irrigation schemes:. ssues o a a d s a gat o sc e es:
a) Physical water scarcity or economic scarcity of waterb) Surface irrigation infrastructures has deteriorated due to lack b) Surface irrigation infrastructures has deteriorated due to lack
of maintenance, old and failure to meet changing demand for water by farmers
c) Efforts towards rehabilitation and modernization of surface c) Efforts towards rehabilitation and modernization of surface gravity flow systems not so successful
d) Irrigation reforms in the form of irrigation management f (IMT) i i i i i h transfer (IMT) or participatory irrigation management have
failed to deliver as expectede) Over‐exploitation and depletion of ground water resources
putting in present a risk to the livelihood of farmers f) Climate change and environmental related issues ###
Irrigation and food production and environmentenvironment
1. The need for continuous financial investment ### h h d i i f i i i i i through modernization of existing irrigation ensure their continuity to meet future food demand
2 Irrigation and agriculture management and physical 2. Irrigation and agriculture management and physical infrastructure design need a transformation to increase food production through increasing the p g gproductivity, efficiency and the resilience.
3. The success and sustainability of a small land h ldi f i i i i h i A i i holding nature of rice irrigation schemes in Asia is relying on farmers participation and cooperation in irrigation managementirrigation management.
4. Increasing food production need to be balanced with the environmental protection, and to address pthe issues of water demand and poor farmers
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS
1. The hydrological behavior of paddy fields resembles that of y g p ynatural wetlands, paddy fields are able to provide most, if not all, of the environmental and other benefits provided by wetlands.
2. When planned and managed properly, sustainable paddy farming can provide more benefit than adverse effectsfarming can provide more benefit than adverse effects.
3. Whilst producing rice to secure food supply, paddy fields provide many environmental benefits such as flood p ycontrol, sediment control, groundwater recharge etc.
4. Paddy field is very much part of Asian culture and has, in recent years, been successful sites for eco‐tourism in many parts of Asia.
######
’MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDSMULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS
ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS COVERS THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURES OF THE COUNTRIES
1) Fl d C t l1) Flood Control 2) Water quality improvement 3) Prevention of soil erosion3) Prevention of soil erosion 4) Recharge of groundwater 5) Conservation of biodiversity 6) Climatic mitigation 7) Food Security 8) Social economic improvement8) Social economic improvement9) Cultural, Tourism and Educational Aspect
######
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS
1. INWEPF is of the great interest in promoting1. INWEPF is of the great interest in promoting sustainable rice production and appreciate the multifunctional roles of paddy fields and theirmultifunctional roles of paddy fields and their benefits
2. The mandate to promote, plan and implement the2. The mandate to promote, plan and implement the activities on ‘Multiple roles of paddy fields is under taken by Working Group 1under taken by Working Group 1
3. It is conducted through site visit, case study, desk study, pilot projects, workshop, conferences,study, pilot projects, workshop, conferences, homepage and cooperation among member countries and interaction with national, regionalcountries and interaction with national, regional and international organizations
Working Group 1: ‘Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields’g p p y
LEAD: INWEPF MALAYSIAN COMMITTEE
PARTICIPATING MEMBERS:
BANGLADESH EGYPT INDIA INDONESIA JAPAN KOREABANGLADESH, EGYPT, INDIA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, KOREA, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, THAILAND, PHILIPPINES,SRI LANGKA, FAO AND IWMI
MISSION STATEMENTS:1. THE WG 1 SUPPORTS WORKS TO PROMOTE THE MULTIPLE
ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS. 2. THE TEAM SUPPORTS WORK TO IMPLEMENT CASE
STUDIES AND DISSEMINATE INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE FOR MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS IN PADDY FIELDS IN ORDER TO DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING OF PADDY FARMING IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYPADDY FARMING IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
###
Working Group 1: ‘Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields’ g p p y
MANDATE OF WG 1
1. PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO COMPILE, PUBLISH, UPDATE AND/ORTRANSLATE DOCUMENTS ON MULTIPLE ROLES
2 DEVELOP GUIDELINES METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO2. DEVELOP GUIDELINES, METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES TOASSESS, EVALUATE OBTAIN AND DELIVER THE MULTIPLEBENEFITS
3 IDENTIFY RESEARCH PRIORITY AND PROMOTE THE EXECUTION3. IDENTIFY RESEARCH PRIORITY AND PROMOTE THE EXECUTIONOF THIS RESEARCH AT A MODEL SITE
4. EVALUATE THE VALUE OF WATER QUALITY, CONSERVATION OFBIODIVERSITY AND TOURISM RESOURCES AT A MODEL SITEBIODIVERSITY AND TOURISM RESOURCES AT A MODEL SITE
5. SHARE INFORMATION ABOUT VISION, OBJECTS ANDMETHODOLOGIES OF MONETARY OR QUANTITATIVEASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE ROLESASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE ROLES
6. PROMOTE COLLABORATION AMONG INWEPF MEMBERCOUNTRIES
7. FACILITATE MEMBER COUNTRIES TO EVALUATE7. FACILITATE MEMBER COUNTRIES TO EVALUATEMULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES BASED ON EXPERIENCE OF OTHERS
###
Working Group 1: ‘Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields’Working Group 1: ‘Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields’
MULTIPLE ROLESMULTIPLE ROLES:
MEMBER COUNTRY TASKS
INWEPF through its Working Group 1 has embarked in initiating pilot studies in member countries on multifunctional roles of ppaddy fields. Tasks were distributed among member countries.
1) Flood Control – Malaysia Thailand1) Flood Control Malaysia, Thailand2) Water quality improvement – Thailand, Egypt3) Prevention of soil erosion – Malaysia4) Recharge of groundwater Sri Lanka India Bangladesh4) Recharge of groundwater – Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh5) Conservation of biodiversity – Philippines 6) Climatic mitigation - India7) F d S it E t I d i7) Food Security – Egypt, Indonesia
Working Group 1: ‘Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields’
Strategic Planning 2009‐2012
g p p y
1. Proposed within 2010‐2011 a model site – Field Survey
Strategic Planning 2009 2012
of water purification function of Paddy Field –Thailand
2. Dissemination of the information through HomePageHomePage
INWEPF Malaysia website : http://www.mancid.org.my/INWEPF/index.php
To Link Web Site with INWEPF countries To Link Web Site with INWEPF countries Members – URL ###
Working Group 1: ‘Multiple Roles of Paddy Fields’
St t i Pl i 2009 2012
g p p y
3 To coordinate with INWEPF Korea of sharing country
Strategic Planning 2009‐2012
3. To coordinate with INWEPF Korea of sharing country(Publish version) report to be published in Web INWEPF Malaysia.y
4. Completion August 2011 member countries working tasks – Case Study, Draft Guideline, Reports
5. Preparation input for WWF 2012 ‐ 1st INWEPF WWF Task Force Meeting
6 INWEPF Malaysia host next 8th Steering Meeting and 6. INWEPF Malaysia host next 8th Steering Meeting and Organizing Symposium in November 2011
INWEPF WG 1: Three (3) Year Rolling Plan 2009‐2012
Field Survey Terraces Farming and INWEPF Working Group 1 Meeting (1‐4 August 2010) Ifugao PhilippineGroup 1 Meeting , (1‐4 August 2010) Ifugao, Philippine
7th INWEPF STEERING MEETING & PAWEES_SYMPOSIUM7 _Jeju Island, Republic of Korea
1st Task Force INWEPF World Water ForumWorking Group1st Task Force INWEPF World Water Forum Working Group Meeting and Field Vist , (2‐4 March 2011) Penang, Malaysia
FIELD SURVEY AT LAEM PHAK BIO‐STUDY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, INWEPF WORKING GROUP 1 MEETING AND 2ND TASK FORCE MEETING, THAILAND
MANCID AND INWEPF JOINT SYMPOSIUM, FAO NATIONAL WORKSHOP && THE 8TH INWEPF STEERING MEETING, PENANG, MALAYSIA 2011‘Sustainable Agriculture Water Use and Multifunction of Paddy Fields’
MANCID AND INWEPF JOINT SYMPOSIUM, FAO NATIONAL WORKSHOPMANCID AND INWEPF JOINT SYMPOSIUM, FAO NATIONAL WORKSHOP & THE 8TH INWEPF STEERING MEETING, PENANG, MALAYSIA 2011
Field Visit TO Paddy Museum, Kedah State, Malaysia AND MUDA IRRIGATION SCHEME November 2011
EVALUATION AND MONETARY ASSESSMENT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDSMULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLES OF PADDY FIELDS
1. INWEPF promotes the Evaluation and Monetary assessment of various roles and functions of paddy field and steps towards the enhancement those
l values 2. The best way to quantify intangible values is to
equate them to dollars and cents. Through such equate them to dollars and cents. Through such assessment, it would be easier for parties to appreciate the values
3. During WWF 5, INWEPF published a preliminary monetary assessment of 3 functions for its member countriescountries.
4. The three functions are flood prevention, ground water recharge and inhibiting soil erosion.water recharge and inhibiting soil erosion.
5. The values are as shown in the table. ###
Monetary value of Flood Prevention, Ground water recharge and soil erosion inhibiting of paddy fields in INWEPF Member Countriesg p y
CountryArea of Paddy
Annual Monetary Value Rice production
valueFlood
preventionGroundwater recharge
Soil erosion inhibiting
Total valueprevention recharge inhibitingha Mill. USD Mill. USD Mill. USD Mill. USD Mill. USD
Japan 2,602,319 27,157 586 327 28,070 22,856Bangladesh 10,780,000 199 8 38 246 5,725Cambodia 2 414 500 46 5 17 68 879Cambodia 2,414,500 46 5 17 68 879China 29,116,000 812 3,111 45 3,969 27,467Egypt 700,000 24 0.3 0 24 1,654India 43,660,000 1,293 1,867 147 3,306 20,620Indonesia 11,800,901 294 382 266 942 11,352Korea 1,084,024 1,038 145 27 1,210 3,654Laos 736,020 15 3 5 23 313Malaysia 676,200 106 24 33 162 474yMyanmar 7,008,000 49 41 50 140 3,244Nepal 1,453,000 34 12 8 53 614Pakistan 2,621,400 53 1,494 0 1,547 1,776Philippine 4,272,890 171 1,440 127 1,738 2,766, , , , ,Sri Lanka 915,260 68 20 4 92 517Thailand 10,224,966 1,240 65 164 1,469 4,980Viet Nam 7,329,200 147 490 47 684 4,356Total /Total / Average
137,394,680 32,746 9,693 1,305 43,744 113,247
MALAYSIAN PILOT STUDY: FLOOD AND SEDIMENT CONTROL IN LOW‐LAND PADDY FIELDSCONTROL IN LOW LAND PADDY FIELDS
1. This study investigates the potentials of flood and sediment control in a specific study site in Malaysia.
2. The study was financed by MOA, Malaysia as an effort to dd fl d d di t d iti bl i address flood and sediment deposition problem in a major irrigation scheme, MUDA.
3. Through computer modeling, the behavior and response 3. Through computer modeling, the behavior and response of flood water within paddy fiels located in floodplains were captured.
4. It is scientifically proven that paddy fields help to preserve natural floodplain terrain to atternuate flood. Ph sical structures of padd fields greatl increase the 5. Physical structures of paddy fields greatly increase the capacity for flow retention and sediment deposition.
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MALAYSIAN PILOT STUDY: FLOOD AND SEDIMENT CONTROL IN LOW‐LAND PADDY FIELDSCONTROL IN LOW LAND PADDY FIELDS
1. Cost replacement method was used to equate the p qflood control and sediment control value of paddy field to equivalent flood prevention and p y q priver desilting projects.
2. Next a national projection was provided. p j p3. It was found that the values of flood and
sediment control were conservatively estimated yto be 440 mil USD and 12 mil USD respectively.
4. This is almost as significant as the rice 4 gproduction value of about 472 mil USD annually.
5. The study thus successfully proved the worth of 5 y y pmulti‐functionality of paddy fields. ###
Methodology & Sequence of Work
Data Collection
Sedimentation AnalysesHydraulic Analyses
Field Test for Retention Capacity
Field test for water sediment content MICRO SCALE
1D Hydraulic Fl d l i M d lli
Sediment Transport M d lliMACRO SCALE
Sediment Control CapacityFlood Control Capacity
Floodplain Modelling ModellingMACRO SCALE
Sediment Control CapacityFlood Control Capacity
Establish Guideline for Flood and Soil Control
STUDY AREASTUDY AREAWilayah III Pendang, Kedah
STUDY AREASTUDY AREAWilayah III Pendang, Kedah
Banjir Ogos 2008
Flood ControlFlood Control START
FVFC
•DETERMINING FUNCTION VOLUME, FVFC
Effective Paddy Field Area A
FVRC
Function Volume for Retention Capacity,
FVRC
Submerged Paddy Field Area A
FVTS
Function Volume for Temporary Storage,
FVTS
Area, Aeff
Average Storage Depth, d
Area, Aflood
Average Submergence Depth, d
•DETERMINING UNIT COST, UCFC
Unit Depreciation Cost, UCD
Unit Maintenance Cost, UCM
•COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE MVFC
COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE, MVFC
END
Sediment ControlSediment Control START
APPROACH
LOWLAND PADDY:SEDIMENTATION
APPROACH APPROACH
HIGHLAND PADDY:EROSION CONTROL
APPROACH
Sedimentation Rate during Annual Flood
FVSC
•DETERMINING FUNCTION VOLUME,
FVSC
Erosion Rate per area for Paddy Fields
FVSC
•DETERMINING FUNCTION VOLUME,
FVSC
Aeff
during Annual Flood, Aeff
Average Sedimentation Depth,
d
for Paddy Fields (assumed abandoned) using Universal Soil Loss Equation, A
•DETERMINING UNIT COST, UCSC
•DETERMINING UNIT COST, UCSC
Unit Cost of Removing Sediment from River,
UCRS
Unit Cost of Removing Eroded Soil from
Land, UCRS
•COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE, MVSC
•COMPUTE MONETARY VALUE, MVSC
END END
Guideline for monetary assessment of flood and di t t l i dd fi ld
1 INWEPF i i th f ili th fi di f
sediment control in paddy fields
1. INWEPF is in the process of compiling the findings from case studies such as above from member countries i t G id liinto Guidelines
2. Through early finding of these case studies, it was f d th t diff t l d d dd l tifound that different landscape and paddy planting practices, some environmental services may differ f t t t i t ifrom country to country or region to region.
3. After a series of technical discussions and review, a ifi d t d d t l f t tunified standard protocol for monetary assessment
will be produced.4 G idelines the flood and sediment control f nctions4. Guidelines the flood and sediment control functions
had been finalized while others are in progress. ###
Contents of the proposed monetary assessment guidelines for Each Function
1. Concept of Function2 Valuation Procedure and Flow Chart2. Valuation Procedure and Flow Chart3. Monetary Assessment4. Case Study
CONCLUSION1 Padd field and rice prod ction is er important for food sec rit1. Paddy field and rice production is very important for food security,
poverty alleviation and environment of Asian Region
2. There is a need to balance in increase of agricultural productivity with the environmental protection as the increase in productivity most of the time give effects to environment, water demand and poor farmers.
3 Paddy field and irrigation system provide various benefit socially3. Paddy field and irrigation system provide various benefit, socially, economically, environmentally and culturally through its multifunctional roles and uses.multifunctional roles and uses.
4. Evaluation and conducting monetary assessment is required to quantify the value of the functions to consider during overall project evaluation.
5. INWEPF has taken the task to promote efforts for sustainability and multi functionality of paddy system Providing guidelines forand multi‐functionality of paddy system. Providing guidelines for monetary assessment for flood control and sediment in paddy fields is one of such efforts. ###
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