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M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC 101 COURSE TYPE: CCC
COURSE TITLE: CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CREDIT: 07
THEORY: 05 PRACTICAL: 02
HOURS: 135
THEORY: 90 PRACTICAL: 45
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30 PRACTICAL: 33
OBJECTIVE: To inculcate within the students basic knowledge regarding the origin
of cells and cellular organization, cell behavior, cellular processes and molecular events
taking place within the cellular environment.
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Origin of cell: molecular evolution & cell theory. Chemical bonds and functional
groups in biological system. Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, functions
of cell organelles. Ultra structure of plasmamembrane and transport across the
membrane. Cytoskeleton and cell motility: Microtubules, microfilaments and
intermediate filaments, cilia & flagella.
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Cell division: Cell cycle – steps, molecular events, cell cycle check points. Cdk –
cyclin complexes & their role in cell cycle regulation. Apoptosis, Tumor
suppressor genes and oncogenes (p53 and pRB), & cancer. Cell signalling:
exocrine, endocrine, paracrine and synaptic signalling, receptor mediated
transduction (G-Proteins, DAG, Ca+2, c-AMP).
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rs DNA Replication: General features, Enzymology & Mechanism of Replication.
Rolling circle model and replication at telomeres. DNA Repair: Types of DNA
damage & Mechanism of DNA Repair. Mutation: Types, Molecular basis and
Mutagens. Homologous recombination of genes: Holiday junction – Rec. A and
other recombinases, site specific recombination (cre-loxP, flp-frt).
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rs Transcription: Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes & eukaryotes, RNA
polymerases, post- transcriptional processing of tRNA, rRNA and mRNA.
Translation: Genetic code, Wobble Hypothesis, Translational mechanism in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes, post translational modification and transport of
proteins. Inhibitors of protein synthesis.
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rs Regulation of gene expression: In prokaryotes – positive & negative control, lac,
trp and arb operon, catabolite repression, attenuation. Transcriptional & Post
translational control. Regulation in eukaryotes: Control by promoter, enhancer
and silencers. Cis-trans elements. Environmental & developmental regulation.
DNA methylation & gene expression. Chromatin structure & gene expression.
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1. Squash preparation of onion root tip and to observe all stages of mitosis.
2. To observe meiosis in onion flower buds of onion (smear method).
3. Observation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and cell types
4. Subcellular fractionation.
5. Histochemical study of cells/cell types using specific dyes/reagents.
6. Karyotyping and primary banding pattern
7. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacterial, fungal, plant, human cheek
cells.
8. RNA isolation from yeast cells
9. Quality and quantity checking of DNA and RNA by UV
spectrophotometer
10. Isolation, determination, purification and separation of protein from
yeast cells.
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1. Anthony J.F. Griffiths, (2000), An introduction to Genetic Analysis,
W.H. Freeman
2. Brown. T.A. (2006), Genomes 3, Garland Science Publications
3. Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff. Keith
Roberts, Peter Walter, (2002), Molecular Biology of the Cell, IV
edition, Garland Publishing, New York
4. Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman, (2007). The Cell – A
Molecular Approach, Sinauer Associates, Inc.
5. Lodish etal (2000) – Molecular Cell Biology, Fourth Edition, W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York.
6. Stanley. R. Maloy. John.E. Cronan., David Freifelder (1998), Microbial
Genetics, II edition, Narosa Publishing House, Madras
7. Strickberger (1996), Genetics, Prentice Hall of Inida Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC 102 COURSE TYPE: CCC
COURSE TITLE: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
CREDIT: 07
THEORY: 05 PRACTICAL: 02
HOURS: 135
THEORY: 90 PRACTICAL: 45
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30 PRACTICAL: 33
OBJECTIVE: This course covers the major aspects of microbiology to impart the
students’ knowledge of the microbial world (bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses) and to
make them efficient in handling microbes in lab and utilize commercially important
microbes in industrial processes.
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History and scope of microbiology. Sterilization methods; physical, chemical
and biological. Nutritional requirement of microorganism. Culture media
preparation; selective, differential and enrichment media. Pure Culture
techniques. Mode of microbial nutrition. Nutritional Classification of bacteria.
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Classification, structure & characteristic features of bacteria. Biology of
Mycoplasmas. Bergey‟s manual. Microbial growth, measurement and factor
affecting growth. Major characteristics used in microbial taxonomy. Current
methods of microbial identification, including ribotyping; Ribosomal RNA
sequencing.
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Structure and characteristic features of Algae and Protozoa. General
microscopic and macroscopic structures and characters of Fungi. Fungal
Classification. Importance of Fungi. Fungi as pathogen to man, animals and
plants. Microbial Metabolism- Glycolytic pathways, tricarboxyic acid cycle,
energy production, Aerobic and Anerobic respiration.
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rs Gene transfer mechanism in microbes: transformation, transduction, and
conjugation. Discovery, classification and structure of viruses. Viral replication
with examples of Retroviruses. Bacteriophages discovery and structure. Lytic
and Lysogenic Cycles.
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20 H
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rs Pathogenic viruses and bacteria to man, animals and plants. Infectious disease
transmission; Tuberculosis. Sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS;
Diseases transmitted by animals (rabies, plague), insects and ticks (Rickettsias,
Lime disease, malaria). Food and water borne diseases.
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1. Introduction to Microbiology Lab, instruments and lab-rules
2. Media Preparation – Nutrient broth and Nutrient Agar, Potato Dextrose
Agar.
3. Isolation of Pure Colonies of Bacteria – Streak, Spread and Pour Plate
Methods, Preparation of Slants and Stab cultures.
4. Measurements of growth and preparation of growth curve.
5. Staining Techniques – Simple and Gram Staining, Spore and Capsule
Staining, Fungal Staining, Acid Fast Staining.
6. Determination of Anti-Microbial Activity by Disc Diffusion method
7. Biochemical characterization of isolated microbes.
8. Bacteriological Analysis of Water – Presumptive, Confirmed and
Completed tests (MPN).
9. Study of effect of temp., pH, salt concentration, on microbial growth.
10. Microbial analysis of food samples, methylene blue reduction test for
milk.
11. Isolation of UV-mutant, isolation of antibiotic resistant strains and
tryptophan mutant. Ames test to screen for chemical carcinogens.
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1. Adams, Martin, R. Moss., Maurice O. (2004) Food Microbiology, Third
edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
2. Balasubramanian, D. and Bryce, C.F.A. Jeyaraman, K. Dharmalingam
K. Green (2004) Concepts in Biotechnology, COSTED-IBN, University
Press, Hyderabad
3. Gerard. J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christian L. Case, (2006),
Microbiology: An introduction, ninth edition, Benjamin Cummings
Publications
4. Pelzer M.J. Jr., Chan. E.C.S. and Kreig N.R. (1993), Microbiology,
McGraw Hill Inc. New York
5. Ronald M. Atlas, Richard Bartha R., (2004), Microbial Ecology –
Fundamentals and applications, Pearson education Limited
6. Salle A.J. (1999), Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, fifth edition
Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Limited, New York.
7. Stanbury P.F. & Whitaker. A. and S.J. Hall (2003), Principles of
Fermentation Technology, Butterworth – Heineman, New Delhi
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC 103 COURSE TYPE: CCC
COURSE TITLE: BIOCHEMISTRY
CREDIT: 07
THEORY: 05 PRACTICAL: 02
HOURS: 135
THEORY: 90 PRACTICAL: 45
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30 PRACTICAL: 34
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this course is to fulfill the basic requirement of
the knowledge regarding biochemical and biomoleculer avenue. The contents of the
course cover the structure and physio-chemical properties of various biomolecules
and their function in the living world.
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Properties of water, the law of mass action, Dissociation of water and its ion
product, Kw, buffer and buffering capacity. pH. Bronsted acids, ionization of
weak acids and bases, Hendersen Hasselbalch equation, Titration curves and
buffering action. Law of thermodynamics, Gibb‟s free energy, Donan‟s
membrane equilibrium.
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Amino acids: structure, properties, classification and functions, naturally
occurring modifications of amino acids in proteins, non-protein amino acids.
Structure of proteins: primary, secondary (alpha helix, beta-plated and random
coils), Ramachandran plots. Tertiary and quaternary structures.
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Carbohydrates: Introduction, classification, Types, optical isomerism,
mutarotation, basic structure and functions of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides,
polysaccharides, proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, peptidoglycans and bacterial cell
walls.
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Lipids: Detailed classification, structure, properties and Biological functions.
Vitamins & Hormones – Classification, structure & physiological functions,
Phytohormones. Heterocyclic compounds – Secondary metabolites in living
system, pigments, and isoprenoids.
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Nucleic acids: structure, properties and functions of DNA and RNA , Secondary
and tertiary level organization , various DNA forms, Conformation, super coiling,
Melting of DNA, Denaturation and Renaturation kinetics.
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1. pH measurements and preparation of buffers.
2. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.
3. Titration of amino acids – Determination of pK and pI values.
4. Estimation of proteins by Lowry and Bradford methods.
5. Estimation of reducing sugars by Benedict‟s titrimetric method.
6. Estimation of total carbohydrates by anthrone method.
7. Determination of saponification number of lipids.
8. Determination of amylase, peroxidase, catalase activity using
spectrophotometer
9. Determination of optimum temperature and pH for amylase activity
(from germinating seeds)
10. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, fatty
acids, phenolics, and volatile oils.
11. Analysis of blood / urine samples for sugars / urea / bile pigments.
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1. Arthur M. Lest, (2002), Introduction to Protein Architecture, The
Structural Biology of Proteins, Oxford University Press
2. Geofrey L. Zubay, William W. Passon, Dennis L. Vance, (1988),
Principles of Biochemistry, IV edition, W. M. C. Brown Publishers,
Australia
3. Gregory A. Petsko, Dagmar Ringe, (2003) Protein structure and function
(Printers in Biology) Siauer Associates
4. Michael Cox., David. L. Nelson, (2004) Lehninger, Principles of
Biochemistry,
5. Murray, R.K. A. Grannor, D.K. Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell V. W. (2000)
Harper’s Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
6. Nicholes C. Price and Lewis Stevens, (2001), Fundamentals of
Enzymology, The cell and molecular Biology of catalytic proteins, Oxford
University Press.
7. Sober, (2002), Handbook of Biochemistry selected Data for Molecular
Biology, II.Edition
8. Stryer.L. (2003) Biochemistry, V. Edition. W.H. Freeman & Co. NY
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC S01 COURSE TYPE: OSC
COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & COMPUTER
APPLICATION: BASICS
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06
HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30
OBJECTIVE:
Understands the concept and place of research in the concerned subject
Gets acquainted with various resources for research
Becomes familiar with various tools of research
Gets conversant with sampling techniques, methods of research and techniques
of analysis of data
Achieves skills in various research writings
Gets acquainted with computer Fundamentals and Office Software Package.
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Concept of Research: Meaning and characteristics of research, Steps in research
process, Types of research - i) Basic, applied and action research ii)
Quantitative and qualitative research, Areas of research in concern discipline
Selection of Problem for Research: Sources of the selection of the problem,
Criteria of the selection of the problem, Drafting a research proposal, Meaning
and types of variables, Meaning and types of hypotheses.
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Tools of Research: Meaning and general information about construction
procedure of (i) Questionnaire, (ii) Interview, (iii) Psychological test, (iv)
observation (v) Rating scale (vi) Attitute scale and (vii) check list, Advantages
and disadvantages of above tools
Sampling : Meaning of population and sample , Importance and characteristics
of sample , Sampling techniques - i) Probability sampling : random sampling,
stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling ii) Non-
probability sampling: incidental sampling, purposive sampling, quata sampling
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Methods of Research: Meaning and conducting procedure of following methods
of research: Historical method, Survey method, Case study, Causal comparative
method, Developmental methods, Experimental methods.
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20 H
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rs Treatment of Data: Level of measurements of data, Steps in treatment of data:
editing, coding, classification, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of results.
Writing Research Report: Sections of report: Preliminary section, Content
section: various chapters, Supplementary section: appendices, references,
abstract, Format and style.
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Computer Fundamentals
Computer System: Features, Basic Applications of Computer, Generations of
computers.
Parts of Computer System: Block Diagram of Computer System; Central
Processing Unit (CPU); Concepts and types of Hardware and Software, Input
Devices - Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner, Bar Code Reader, track ball; Output
Devices - Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker; Computer Memory - primary and
secondary memory, magnetic and optical storage devices.
Operating Systems - MS Windows: Basics of Windows OS; Components of
Windows - icons, taskbar, activating windows, using desktop, title bar, running
applications, exploring computer, managing files and folders, copying and
moving files and folders; Control panel: display properties, adding and
removing software and hardware, setting date and time, screensaver and
appearance; Windows Accessories: Calculator, Notepad, WordPad, Paint Brush,
Command Prompt, Windows Explorer.
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Office Software Package
Word Processing - MS Word : Creating, Saving, Opening, Editing,
Formatting, Page Setup and printing Documents; Using tables, pictures, and
charts in Documents; Using Mail Merge sending a document to a group of people
and creating form, letters and label.
Spreadsheet - MS Excel: Opening a Blank or New Workbook, entering
data/Function/ Formula into worksheet cell, Saving, Editing, Formatting, Page
Setup and printing Workbooks.
Presentation Software - MS Power Point: Creating and enhancing a
presentation, modifying a presentation, working with visual elements, adding
Animations & Transitions and delivering a presentation.
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1. Agrawal, Y. P. (1988). Better sampling : Concepts, Techniques and
Evaluation. New Delhi : sterling Publishers Private Ltd.
2. Best, J. W. (1993). Research in Education (6th
ed.) New Delhi : Prentice-
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Broota, K. D. (1992) Experimental design in Behavioral Research (2nd
ed.)
4. Fundamental Of Research Methodology And Statistics, Y.K. Singh, New
Age
5. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P. and Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research:
An introduction (8th
ed.) Coston : Allyn and Bacon.
6. Garrett, H. E. & Woodworth, R. S. (1969). Statistics in Psychology and
Education. Bombay : Vakils, Fecffer & Simons Pvt. Ltd.
7. Goode, W. J. & Hatt, Paul K. (1952). Methods in Social Research. New
York : McGraw-Hill.
8. Hyman, H. H., et al. (1975). Interviewing in Social Research. Chicago :
University of Chicago Press.
9. International (P) Limited, Publishers.Practical Research Methods, Dr
Catherine Dawson,
10. Kerlinger, F. N. (1983) Foundation of Behavioural Research. (2nd
Indian
Reprint) New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
11. Kothari, C. R. (2007) Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques (3rd
ed.)
12. Microsoft First Look Office 2010, K. Murray, Microsoft Press. New Delhi
: Wiley Eastern Limited.
13. New Delhi: Wishwa Prakashan. Fundamentals Of Computers, Dr. P.
Mohan, Himalaya Publishing House.
14. The Essence of Research Methodology, Jan Jonker & Bartjan Pennink,
Springer.
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC A01 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB
COURSE TITLE: CONSTITUTIONALISM & INDIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06 HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30
OBJECTIVE:
Understands the concept of Constitutionalism
Gets acquainted with various Indian Political System
Becomes familiar with various Union Executive
Gets conversant with Legislatures, Legislative Bills
Achieves skills in various writings
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rs Meaning: Constitution, Constitutional government & constitutionalism; Difference
between Constitution & Constitutionalism; Constitutionalism: Basis, Elements,
Features & future. Forms of Government: Democracy & Dictatorship, Unitary &
Federal, Parliamentary & Presidential form. Ideals of the Indian Constitution
incorporated in the Preamble. Special Features of the Indian Constitution.
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15 H
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rs Concept of State and Citizenship, Judicial Review and Fundamental Rights, Directive
Principles of the State Policy, Fundamental Duties, Procedure to Amend the Indian
Constitution, Judiciary: Supreme Court and High Court, Judicial Activism and Public
Interest Litigation and Provisions relating to Emergency.
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20 H
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rs Union Executive- President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers. State Executive-
Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers. Local Bodies & Panchayati Raj.
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20 H
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rs Parliament of India, State Legislatures, Legislative Bills: Ordinary, Money and
Financial, Union State Relations, Principles of the „Separation of Power and the
„Principles of Check & Balance‟. Political Parties and Pressure Groups. Challenges
before Indian Democracy: Terrorism, Regionalism, Communalism, Linguistics and
National Integration.
UN
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15 H
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rs Controller & Accountant General of India, Solicitor General, Advocate General,
Election Commission, Union and State(s) Public Service Commission, Finance
Commission.
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HOBBES, Thomas, The Leviathan, Chapters XIII & XVII [entry]
LOCKE, John, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, Chapter IX [entry]
ROUSSEAU, Jean-Jacques, The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right
MONTESQUIEU, The spirit of the laws,
RAZ, Joseph, “The rule of law and its virtue”, in The authority of law, Oxford University
Press, 1979
Dicey on British constitution
P. Ishwara Bhat Inter-relationship between Fundamental Rights
M P Jain Indian Constitutional Law
H M Seervai Constitutional Law of India
V N Shukla Constitution of India
D DBasu Shorter Constitution of India
B Sivarao Constitutional Assembly Debates
J. V R Krishna Iyer Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
Paras Diwan Human Rights and the Law
P K Tripathi Some Insight into Fundamental Rights
S P Sathe Fundamental Rights and Amendment to the Constitution
P B Gajendragadkar Law, Liberty and Social Justice
David Karrys Politics of Law
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC A02 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB
COURSE TITLE: BIOSTATISTICS AND INSTRUMENTATION
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06
HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30
OBJECTIVE: Statistical analysis has become a major requisite for the authenticity of
research undertaking and also for the verification of research findings. In a similar way
instruments are the backbone of biotechnological research. In this regards, this paper has
been designed to bridge the gap between the theoretical and practical aspects of the
subject.
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IT-1
20
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rs Introduction to biostatistics, concept of variables in biological systems, collection,
classification, tabulation, graphical and diagrammatic representation of numerical
data. Measures of central tendency and dispersion - mean, median, mode, range,
standard deviation, variance.
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rs Correlation and Regression. Testing of Hypotheses: Analysis of Variance &
covariance. Types of errors and level of significance. Tests of significance – F & t
tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA. Probability distributions (viz. Binomial, Poisson and
Normal).
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rs Principles and applications; simple, compound, phase contrast, fluorescent, SEM &
TEM. Centrifugation technique: principle, type of centrifuges, differential & density
gradient centrifugation, sub-cellular fractionation. Chromatography: Principles &
types; paper, thin layer, gas, gel permeation, ion exchange, HPLC, FPLC and affinity
chromatography.
UN
IT-4
20 H
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rs Electromagnetic spectrum, beer lambert‟s law. Photometry, UV/Visible, infrared,
atomic absorption, ESR and NMR spectroscopy. Mass spectroscopy and fluorescent
spectroscopy. Electrophoresis: polyacilamide & Agarose gel electrophoresis. Blotting:
southern, western and northern blotting, immunoblotting, immunoelectrophoresis.
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IT-5
15
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rs Nature and type of radiations, preparation of labelled biological samples. Deletion and
measurement of radioactivity, GM counter, scintillation counter, autoradiography,
flow cytometry. Safety measurement in handing radioisotopes. RIA & ELISA.
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1. A Biologists guide to Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry,
B.D.williams (Edward Arnold).
2. Arora P.N. & Malkhan P.K. 1997: Biostatistics, Himalaya publication
3. Glover T. and Mitchell K. 2002: Introduction to biostatistics, McGraw Hill NY
4. Mahajan , S. K. : Introductory statistics for Biology
5. Rosner Bernard 1999: Fundamentals of Biostatistics Duxbury Press.
6. Upadyay A., Upadyay K. and Nath N. 2009: Biophysical chemistry: Principles
and techniques. Himalaya publishing.
7. Wilson K. and Walker J. 2004: Principles and Techniques of Practical
Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC A03 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB
COURSE TITLE: BIOPHYSICS
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06
HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the paper is to acquaint students with the
principles of biophysics and instrumentation based on biophysics as a result of which
the student are expected to have basic knowledge about the functioning of analytical
instruments and to deal with possible instrumentation errors and malfunctioning
during working.
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15
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Historical background up to Bhor model. Significance of second and third
postulates of Bohr‟s model. Atomic spectaera is signature of the element. Bhor –
Sommerfeld model. Vector atom model. Quantum numbers, Selection rules.
Pauli‟s exclullsion principle. Emission spectra with respect to Na atoms to
understand selection rules.
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IT-2
20
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Electromagnetic wave and spectrum. Applications of electromagnetic spectrum
for spectroscopy. Rotational vibrational Spectroscopy – IR spectroscopy.
Principle construction and Application of IR spectrometer. Electron
spectroscopy. UV – visible spectroscopy. Principle, construction and working of
colorimeter, Spectrophotometer, Flurometer.
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IT-3
15 H
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rs Nucleus, Properties. Nuclear forces. Nuclear models (liquid drop and shell
model). Half life – physical and biological. Handling and standardization of alpha
and beata emitting isotopes. Radioimmunoassay. Radiopharmaceuticals and its
uptakes. Production of radionuclide. GM counter, Scintillation counter.
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IT-4
20 H
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Enthalpy, Entropy, Free energy, Gibb‟s free energy (G). Helmholtz free energy
(A). Chemical potential. Redox potential. Structure and bioenergetics of
mitochondria and chloroplast. Thermometric properties and types of
thermometers (clinical, thermocouple, bimetallic, platinum resistance,
thermometers).
UN
IT-5
15 H
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rs Organization of plasma membrane. Mass transport. Diffusion – basics, Passive
and active transport. Membrane potential, Nernst equation. Passive electrical
properties of cell. Active electrical properties, Electrical model (equivalent) of
cell membrane. Types of biopotentials. Biopotential measurement instrument.
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1. Arthur Beiser : Perspectives of modern physics – (Mc Graw Hill)
2. Patel S.B. : Nuclear Physics an introduction – (New Age International)
3. White H.E. : Introduction to atomic spectra – (Mc Graw Hill)
4. Khandelwal P.P. : Text Book of optics and atomic physics – (Himalaya
Publishing House)
5. Ladish, Berk, Matsudara, Kaiser, Krieger, Zipursky, Darnel: Molecular
cell biology – (W.H. Freeman and Co.)
6. Cotrell: Biophysics –(Eastern Economy Edition)
7. Narayana P. : Clinical Biophysics – Principles and Techniques –
(Bhalani Pub. Mumbai.)
8. Pattabhi and Gautham : Biophysics – (Narosa Publishing House)
9. Nakara, Choudhari : Instrumentation measurements and analysis – (Tata
MC. Graw Hill)
10. R.S. Khandpur: Handbook of analytical instruments – (Tata Mc. Graw
Hill).
11. Upadhyay, Upadhyay and Nath: Biophysical Chemistry –– (Himalaya
Pub. House, Delhi)
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC A04 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB
COURSE TITLE: BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06
HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30
OBJECTIVE: Bioanalytical technique, basically the sub-discpline of analytical
biochemistry deals with the quantitative measurements of biomolecules, organics,
inorganics, pollutants etc. concerning the life forms or the research being carried out.
It basically relies upon instruments based on the principles of physics. In this respect
this course deals with seeding basic understanding regarding major bioanalytical
techniques which can be made use of during the course of biotechnological
experimentation.
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22 H
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rs Concepts of spectroscopy, Laws of photometry. Beer-Lambert‟s law, Principles
and applications of colorimetry. Visible and UV spectroscopy, ORD, CD, X-ray
diffraction, X-ray absorption and NMR. MASS Spectroscopy.
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15 H
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Principles and applications of paper, thin layer, ion exchange, affinity, gel
permeation, adsorption & partition chromatography. HPLC and FPLC, LC-MS
and GC-MS
UN
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16 H
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rs Principle of centrifugation, concepts of RCF, different types of instruments and
rotors, preparative, differential and density gradient centrifugation, analytical
ultra-centrifugation, determination of molecular weights and other applications,
sub-cellular fractionation.
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22
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Principles of electrophoretic separation. Types of electrophoresis: paper,
cellulose, acetate/nitrate and gel., Pulse field gel electrophoresis. PAGE (SDS &
Naive). 2-D gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, electroblotting.
UN
IT-5
15 H
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rs Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, freeze fracture techniques,
specific staining of biological materials. Viscosity of macromolecules,
relationship with conformational changes.
SU
GG
ES
TE
D
RE
AD
ING
S
1. Friefelder. D. (1982) Physical Biochemistry, Application to
Biochemistry and
2. Griffiths, O. M. (1983). Techniques of Preparative, Zonal and
Continuous Flow Ultracentrifugation.
3. Molecular Biology, 2 nd ed. W.H. Freemen and Company, San
Fransisco.
4. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach,
Oxford University Press, NewYork
5. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles
and Techniques Practical Biochemistry, 3 rd ed., Edward Arnold
Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA).
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC A05 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB
COURSE TITLE: METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06
HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA:30
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this paper is to provide the students basic knowledge
about advanced molecular methods used in molecular biology.
UN
IT-1
18
Hou
rs DNA sequencing: Introduction & significance, Sanger‟s method of sequencing,
merits and demerits. Maxam & Gilbert method, merits & demerits. Automated
DNA sequencing, Pyro-sequencing, Sequencer, output of sequence information,
arranging the DNA sequence, shot gun and clone-contig method, role of marker
sequences, drafting sequence information and submission to DNA data bank.
UN
IT-2
18
Hou
rs
Probe Designing: introduction to nucleic acid probes, steps in probe designing,
probe designing software, probe labeling. Primer and primer designing: basic
concepts and steps. Chemical synthesis of DNA. Applications.
UN
IT-3
18
Ho
urs
DNA Fingerprinting: Introduction, Methods, RFLP, VNTRs, Role of PCR in
DNA fingerprinting, application of DNA fingerprinting. DNA-microarray,
Protein sequencing approaches, protein microarray and its applications
UN
IT-4
18
Hou
rs Protein engineering: Rational Methods of protein engineering, Methods and
approaches: directed Evolution and gene shuffling, random mutagenesis and
selection of engineered proteins, site specific mutagenesis: synthesis of complete
gene. Engineering by gene fusion. Applications of engineered proteins, Artificial
synthesis of short peptides and their uses.
UN
IT-5
18 H
ou
rs Chromatin – Heterochromatin, euchromatin. Histone and non-histone proteins,
general properties of histone, packing density, nucleosomes, size, variable
linkers, solenoid structure, packaging of DNA, satellite DNA. Genes –
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, pseudogenes, split genes, super gene family,
transposons, Cvalue paradox. Reassociation kinetics.
SU
GG
ES
TE
D
RE
AD
ING
S
1. Cell and Molecular Biology (1996) Gerald Karp.
2. Christoph W. Sensen , Essentials Of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Wiley-
VCH.
3. David Bowtell and Joseph Sambrook, DNA Microarrays, CSHL Press
4. Gene IX: Lewine Benjamin.
5. Microbial Genetics: David Fridflelder.
6. Molecular Biology of the Gene (1987) Watson J. D., Hopking N., Robast
J. and Steiz, J.
7. Molecular cell Biology (1999) Lodish, H., Baltimore, D., Berk, A,
Zipursky SL, Paul M and Darnell J.
8. The Biochemistry of the nucleic acid (1996) Adams et al
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY I SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: BTC A06 COURSE TYPE: ECC/CB
COURSE TITLE: MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY
CREDIT: 06
THEORY: 06
HOURS: 90
THEORY: 90
MARKS: 100
THEORY: 70 CCA: 30
OBJECTIVE: Microbes are the most diverse of all living creatures and play a very
significant role in our daily life. Microbes display a wide variety of biological activities
which can be used for the benefit of human and the environment. In this respect the
present paper aims to highlight few such activities and the technical options to exploit
them.
UN
IT-1
1o
Hou
rs Bacteriotoxins: Classification, structure and mode of action of bacterial toxins,
enterotoxins, endotoxins, exotoxins.
UN
IT-2
20
Ho
urs
Antibiotics: Detailed classification, Structure, Mode of action of penicillins,
cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, vancomycins, rifampin,
linezolid. Narrow and broad spectrum antibiotics, side effects, antibiotic
resistance mechanisms.
UN
IT-3
20
Ho
urs
Application of microbes in bioremediation of pollutions: Bioremediation of
hydrocarbons and xenobiotic compounds, In situ and ex-situ bioremediation.
PGPB, phosphate solubilising bacteria.
UN
IT-4
20 H
ou
rs Microbes as biocontrol agents microbial insecticides (Baculoviruses,
entomopathogenic fungi, Bacillus thurinigiensis Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus
popilae, Microbe derived inhibitors. Production of proteins and enzymes in
bacteria yeast and fungus, recombinant and synthetic vaccines.
UN
IT-5
20 H
ou
rs Biological nitrogen fixation and biofertilizers : classification of nitrogen fixing
bacteria, mechanism of nitrogen fixation. Biofertilizers: bacterial and fungal,
method of preparation, packaging and marketing,
storage and viability.
SU
GG
ES
TE
D
RE
AD
ING
S
1. Geofrey L. Zubay, William W. Passon, Dennis L. Vance, (1988),
Principles of Biochemistry, IV edition, W. M. C. Brown Publishers,
Australia
2. Griffiths, O. M. (1983). Techniques of Preparative, Zonal and
Continuous Flow Ultracentrifugation.
3. Michael Cox., David. L. Nelson, (2004) Lehninger, Principles of
Biochemistry,
4. Murray, R.K. A. Grannor, D.K. Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell V. W.
(2000) Harper’s Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
5. Slater, R.J. (1990). Radioisotopes in Biology-A Practical Approach,
Oxford University Press, NewYor
6. Sober, (2002), Handbook of Biochemistry selected Data for Molecular
Biology, II.Edition
7. Stryer.L. (2003) Biochemistry, V. Edition. W.H. Freeman & Co. NY
8. William, B.L. and Wilson, K. (1986). A Biologist Guide to Principles
and Techniques Practical Biochemistry, 3 rd ed., Edward Arnold
Publisher, Baltimore, Maryland (USA).