Post on 07-Apr-2018
transcript
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
1/20
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
2/20
Content
Characteristics of PV inverters
Growing number of PV
Grid Integration of PV
Multifunctional PV inverters
Summary and outlook
Quelle: www.diehlako.de
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
3/20
Characteristics of PV inverters [1]
Grid interface, integrated
rotection and monitorin
Conversion efficiency
device
functional safety
Derating Analysis (thermal,
overload)
Power Quality & Grid interaction Emission & Immunity
MPP Tracking
Stady state & dynamic
Behavior during network
disturbances Behavior during irregular
charcteristics
Evaluation of compatibility
Thermal behavior
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
4/20
Characteristics of PV inverters [2]
conversion of energy with high efficiency
this is the main performance indicator for grid tied inverters.
Maximum Power Point Tracking
Safet and rid interaction behavior durin rid disturbances
Generator Inverter Grid
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
5/20
Behavior during voltage dips
0.5
1
e(pu)
ause y
Grid faults
Switchin of lar e loads e(p.u.)
-1
-0.5Volta
Characterization by
Volta
. . . . . . . .
Time (s)
1u)
Remaining voltagelevel (in %)
p.u.)
0.4
0.6
0.8
MS
voltage(
duration magnitude
(in ms)
Point-on-Wave Rem. voltageMSvalue(
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.40
.
Time (s)
Phasejumps
level
Zeit (s)
R
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
6/20
voltage tolerance diagram
00 VDE 0126 1 1Inverter with high sensitivity (Nr. 4)
%)8090
VDE 0126-1-1Inv. No. 1Inv. No. 2Inv No 3olt
age
ip(%)
tu ota(%
506070 Inv. No. 3Inv. No. 4
Inv. No. 5Inv. No. 6
Inverter with averagesensitivity (Nr. 2)
during
Mamannvo
304050 Inv. No. 6
Inv. No. 7Inv. No. 8Inv. No. 9Ride Throu h
equ redisconnectionaccording tog
elevel
(e
102030
Inv. No. 10Inv. No. 11Inv. No. 12
inverter (Nr. 9)- -
Volt
Duration (ms)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 3000
Inv. No. 13
Duration of voltag dip (ms)
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
7/20
Installed PV-power in PVPS countries
7
)
Grid-connected
Off-grid
5
Power(G
3
stalledP
V
1
2In
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Quelle: IEA PVPS Programme (2008), Report IEA-PVPS T1-17: 2008
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
8/20
Primary energy resources of the future
Forecast of the german advisory council on global change
Annual need of primary energy
others
Solarthermal
ea
PV and Solarthermalpower plants
Nuclear
Coal
Oil
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
9/20
Role of Photovoltaic [1]
Correlation between generation and demand (supplying peak load):
source: www.q-cells.com
close to the load demand in the LV distribution network
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
10/20
Role of Photovoltaic [2]
GW
]
ndload[
30 GWp of installed PVneration
requirements to the grid
management.
G
Day of the week
Renewable Energy Technologies
, . ,
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
11/20
behavior during grid faults and disturbances
tuat on to ay:
Enormous increase of distributed generation capacity in thes r u on ne wor s arge num er on ase o s a c nver ers
Interconnection standards require inverters to shut down or to
,
even during grid faults
Simultaneous lost of a large number of distributed generation in
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
12/20
Integration of PV Inverters
U
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
13/20
Grid connection requirements in Germany
Base: Transmission Code 2007 (TC 2007)
Generators at MV network oa : app y o me um vo age ne wor s
Generators must
Contribute to short circuit current
Provide reactive power during normal operation
Reduce the active power injection when frequency
increases
u cat on:
Quelle: Volker Wachenfeld, SMA
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
14/20
Multifunctional inverters [1]
Grid stability
Power and frequency control
Active power
> Decrease of active power injection versus
increase of frequency
When a grid disturbance occurs
oversupp y o power
To avoid instabilitiesFrequency
Fault Ride Through - capability
> No disconnection during grid faults (e.g.
> Inject mainly active or reactive power to
stabilize the grid voltage during grid fault
Quelle: www.enercon.de
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
15/20
Multifunctional inverters [2]
Grid stability
Coordinated voltage control
110/30 kV
110 kV
30 kV
M2
CVCU
dynamic voltage control
> Integration in various different control
conce ts e. . coordinated , local or remote
DG1
DG4
DG5
DG6
DG1
voltage control)
DG2
DG3
M1M3
Active power
> Goal: grid voltage control (within required
levels)
> Generators must rovide reacitve ower
during normal operation
> Reasonable for larger generatorsRective
power
Renewable Energy Technologies
Power limit diagram of inverter with STATCOM characteristics
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
16/20
Multifunctional inverters [3]
Power Quality
Filtering/Compensation ofHarmonics
> Compensation of unwanted harmonics
> FACTS Functions: D namic Volta e
Restorer, STATCOM etc. www.boddingtonspowercontrols.com
Compensation of voltage
unbalance
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
17/20
Summary [1]
Inverter as interface between generator and
utility are the core component of DER Grid interaction and safety of inverters are
crucial at high penetration of DER.
es s n a ora ory o s a e-o - e-ar
inverters have shown:
Si nificant deficites of inverter behavior when
grid disturbances occur
Renewable Energy Technologies
Quelle: www.diehlako.de
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
18/20
Summary [2]
PV enables good correlation between
generation and load Integration of inverter into the grid
management at high penetration of PV
apa y o supp y curren a so ur ng gr
disturbances
interface devices also during grid
disturbances
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
19/20
Outlook
Increasing penetration of DER also gives
more possibilites to provide grid
Modern power electronic devices enable
active power injection
Fault Ride-Through Dynamic grid support
Active voltage and reactive power control
Use of PV inverter as active filters
Only a stable grid enables an unlimited
expansion of renewable energies
Renewable Energy Technologies
8/6/2019 Multi Functional PV Inverters
20/20
Thank you for your attention!
Christoph MayrRenewable energy technologies
Giefinggasse 2, A-1210 Vienna
E-mail: christoph.mayr@arsenal.ac.atwww.arsenal.ac.at
Renewable Energy Technologies