Post on 15-Apr-2022
transcript
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Mycoplasma spp. has a wide host
spectrum.
People in particular with goats,
cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses
and other animals (cats, dogs, rats)
causes pneumonia and other system
diseases.
Pleura pneumonia contagiosa
Contagious bovine pleura
pneumonia
( Sığır akciğer ağrısı )
Pathogenesis
The causative aerogen comes to the lung by infection.
In the lung, before endobronchial; then it spreads to the
peribronchial and passes from the parenchyma to the
pleura.
Acute vasculitis in the arteries is caused by thrombosis
and consequently necrosis and fibrin exudation in the
lung.
Vasculitis is the result of hypersensitivity, which is
caused by the association of the antibody with
mycoplasma surface antigens.
(Arthus type or mixed hypersensitivity?).
It spreads from where it resides by breaking the body
resistance or by re-infection.
Acute relapses may occur or become chronic.
Clinical Findings
The period of incubation is long (up to 1 month).
Mortality ranges from 10% to 70%.
In addition to general condition deterioration and
fever is initially dry, then painful cough is detected.
With the onset of hepatitis, respiratory and pulse
increases. Percussion is painful.
Immunity continues for 2 years or more after the
disease has been overcome.
Macroscopical Findings
Pneumonia begins first in focal multiple foci in lung
lobes or lobes
Then cover the entire lobe or lobes.
It is complicated by fibrinous pleuritis !!!!!!!!!!
Pleura is covered with a defective yellow colored fibrin
mass of different thickness. Over time, the adhesion
between the leaves of the pleura is shaped.
Although lesions are similar to other fibrinous
pneumonia vascular thrombosis due to yellowish-
colored large necrosis areas develop.
These regions result in carnification during recovery
period and mainly extensive sequester formation.
Microscopical Findings
Typical fibrinous (croupous) pneumonia findings are
encountered.
Thrombosis is severe in veins and necrosis due to it is
wide.
When it is organized during recovery period; especially
in the peribronchial perivascular regions is the criterion
of morphological diagnosis.
Small areas of necrosis are filled with granulation tissue
Differential diagnosis
It is more like pasteurellosis. Initially severe thrombosis
and large necrosis; In the period of recovery
peribronchial perivascular regions are distinguished
from pasteurellosis by formation of secretion with
distinct organization.
Enzootic Pneumonie
Bronchitis, bronchiolitis, broncho-intersititiel
pneumonia events are caused by the synergistic
effects of the enzootic pneumonia events in beef; .
Some are subclinical and subclinical bronchiolitis and
pneumonia
M.dispar, M.bovis, M.ureaplasma types are held
responsible.
Also M. bovigenitalium is sometimes isolated from
such events.
Pathological Findings
There are no known fibrinous pneumonia
findings! Qatarral, purulent, and partly
intersititiel pneumonia are documented.
Sometimes it is defined as atypical interstitiel
pneumonia
These findings:
1 - Cranioventral areas are localized in large
areas. These areas are red colored and
atelectatic.
2 - Catarrhal bronchitis and bronchiolitis are
found in the changes in the document of the
intersititiel pneumonia.
Other Infections with Mycoplasma spp. on
cattle
MastitisThe agent is M.agalactia. Bovis is. (or M.bovis)
The inflammation is localized around the ducts with
intersititial, interlobular regions of the breast.
Neutrophil leukocyte foci in these regions; In the
ductus and glands, the neutrophil leukocytes are rich
in exudate.
Hyperplasie in ductus epithelium in advanced cases.
Edema, lympho-plasmocyter infiltration, fibrosis and
eosinophilic leukocytes are seen in the intersititium.
Genital InfectionIn the cows :
It causes endometritis, salpingitis and localized
peritonitis.
There is infiltration of endometrial edema and lympho-
plasmacyter cells.
In the bulls:
Epididymitis, seminal vesiculitis is also responsible.
M.agalactia var.bovis was obtained from amniotic fluid
from necrosis and purulent placentitis.
Contagious Caprine Pleura-pneumonia
The agent M.mycoides capri, subsp (var.) Mycoides
(PPLO)
Cattle were not susceptible to the disease.
It is characterized by findings of fibrinous pneumonia.
Necrosis and squester are seen in advanced
conditions. Fibrinous pleuritis, end with adhesive
pleuritis.
Also:
In goat kitten; fibrinose pericarditis, meningitis,
intersititiel pneumoni (as in cattle)
In Goats; arthritis, peritonitis, abortus, mastitis (as in
cattle).
SHEEP
It comes from M.ovipneumoniae.
In sheep, together with Pasteurella haemolitica, enzootic
pneumonia is held responsible !!!!!!!!
Such lesions are characterized by chronic catarral bronchitis,
moderately chronic alveolitis, and peribronchial lympho-
plasmasite infiltrations.
Fibrinous pneumonia and pleuritis were: experimentally,
M.mycoides of goat origin, and M.dispar of cattle origin.
The lesions of M.agalactia are as in goats and cattle.