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Weed Control Programs in
Roundup Ready® Maize
Dr Norbert Muelleder
24 March 2010
Monsanto International SA
Global Importance of Maize
Plantings(million ha)
Production(million tons)
Maize (global) 157.0 787
http://www.maiskomitee.de/ (June 2009)
Maize (global)
Wheat (global) 224.0 684
Rice (global) 155.0 441
Grain maize (EU 27) 8.9 61
Silage maize (EU27) 5.1 209
Role of Maize in the EU 27 Crop Rotation
Member StateMaize area
(1.000 ha)
% area
corn after corn
France 3127.6 31%
Romania 2819.6 41%
Germany 1738.9 19%
Italy 1411.7 43%
Hungary 1308.5 14%
Poland 656.7 30%
Analysis of the economic, social and environmental impacts of options for the longterm EU strategy against Diabrotica virgifera (Western Corn Rootworm), a regulated harmful organism ofmaize, to support the drafting of the Commission Impact Assessment. (Final report). European Commission, DG SANCO, Rue de la Loi 200, 1049 Brussels, 04.06.2009
Poland 656.7 30%
Spain 507.4 29%
Bulgaria 380.9 35%
Czech Rep. 281.3 11%
Austria 252.5 21%
Netherlands 249.1 66%
Slovakia 245.1 11%
Belgium 215.0 32%
Greece 200.0 29%
Portugal 162.0 29%
Major Weeds in European Maize Production
(Bi)Annual dicots Annual grasses Perennial dicots Perennial grasses
Amaranthus retroflexus Alopecurus myosuroides Cirsium arvense Agropyron repens
Capsella bursa-pastoris Digitaria sp. Convolvulus arvensis Cynodon dactylon
Chenopodium album Echinochloa crus-galli Cyperus rotundus
Datura stramonium Poa annua Sorghum halepense
Galium aparine Setaria sp.
Lamium sp.
Matricaria sp.
Polygonum sp.
Solanum nigrum
Stellaria media
Veronica sp.
Xanthium sp.
Geranium sp.
Major weed control strategies in European maize production:
• Around 50 maize selective active substances on Annex 1 of EU Directive
91/414. General trend goes to less compounds in the future.
• Between 14 and 33 active substances registered per member state
• Herbicides are usually mixed to control the local weed flora
• 1 or 2 (seldom 3) herbicide applications per maize crop
• Application timings differ widely. There is a tendency towards pre-
emergence applications in Southern Europe and to post emergence
treatements in Northern Europe.
Weed Competition in Maize
6 8 corn leaf stage3
weed sensitive period
RR Maize Weed Control Concept 1
1. residual herbicide
pre-emergence
2. Roundup(max. 1080 g ae)
6
3 6 8 corn leaf stage
1. Apply any registered residual maize herbicide at reduced rate before emergence of
corn
2. Control later emerging weeds with Roundup (max 1080 g ae) by respecting
a) weed height: less than 10 cm
b) corn growth stage: latest at 3 leaf stage
1. tank mix Roundup (max. 1080
g ae) and residual herbicide
2. Roundup (max. 1080 g ae)
only if neccessary
RR Maize Weed Control Concept 2
7
3 6 8 corn leaf stage
2. In case of high weed pressure apply Roundup again
1. Apply a tank mix of Roundup and a compatible residual maize herbicide (at reduced
rate) at 3 leaf stage of corn
� In both cases the application timing is triggered like in concept 1 by weed height (less
than 10 cm) and crop growth stage
RR Maize Weed Control Concept 3
1. Roundup(max. 1080 g ae)
2. Roundup(max. 1080 g ae)
8
3 6 8 corn leaf stage
2. Depending on weed pressure apply Roundup a second time latest at 8 leaf stage
of corn
1. Apply Roundup at 3 leaf stage of corn
� In both cases the application timing is triggered by weed height (less than 10 cm) and
crop growth stage
(the pure Roundup concept is a prerequisite to register Roundup over the top in Roundup Ready maize)
Roundup(max. 1440 g ae)
RR Maize Weed Control Concept 4
9
Especially in warmer climates the late control of perennial weeds like Convolvulus arvensis is
a major concern in maize production
8 corn leaf stage
The Roundup Ready system in maize offers a new solution for this problem
� Start with concept 1 to 3 at max 720 g ae of Roundup at the 1st application
� Apply 1440 g ae of Roundup latest at 8 leaf stage of corn when perennial weeds have
sufficient leaf area for take up of glyphosate
Tested Partner Herbicides for RR corn
Brand name(s) Active ingredient HRAC / Herbicide class Company
Harness, Guardian Acetochlor K3 / Chloroacetamides Monsanto / Dow
Dual Gold s-Metolachlor K3 / Chloroacetamides Syngenta
Spectrum, Frontier Dimethenamid-p K3 / Chloroacetamides BASF
10
Spectrum, Frontier Dimethenamid-p K3 / Chloroacetamides BASF
Successor Pethoxamid K3 / Chloroacetamides Staehler Int.
Click, Chac,…. Terbuthylazine C1 / PS II Inhibitor several
Clio Topramezone F2 / Inh. of 4-HPPD BASF
Merlin / Emerode Isoxaflutol F2 / Inh. of 4-HPPD Bayer
Banvel Dicamba O / Benzoic acid Syngenta
Stomp SC Pendimethalin K1 / Dinitroaniline BASF
UK
DK
PL
UA
RUS
NL
IRL
D
S
EU 27 RR Maize Field Trial Activities (stripes)
11
HF RO
CZ
CH
BG
A
ES
I
GR
SK
P
Weed control in RR Maize in Northern Europecomparison of pre-emergence versus full post program (5 trials, CZ 2009)
control
t /ha
% control
t /ha
Weed control in RR Maize in Southern Europecomparison of pre-emergence and post program (3 trials, Spain 2009)
control
t /ha
% control
t /ha
Agropyron repens
Alopecurus myosuroides
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Chenopodium album
Cirsium arvense
Convolvulus arvensis
Amaranthus palmeri
Amaranthus rudis
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Ambrosia trifida
Conyza bonariensis
Conyza canadensis
Digitaria insularis
Glyphosate ResistantWeed Biotypes
Major Weeds in European Maize Production
Polygonum sp.
Setaria sp.
Solanum nigrum
Stellaria media
Veronica sp.
Xanthium sp.
Amaranthus retroflexus
Sorghum halepense
Cynodon dactylon
Cyperus rotundus
Datura stramonium
Digitaria ssp.
Echinochloa crus-galli
Galium aparine
Geranium sp.
Lamium sp.
Matricaria sp.
Poa annua
Echinochloa colona
Eleusine indica
Euphorbia heterophylla
Kochia scoparia
Lolium multiflorum
Lolium rigidum
Parthenium hysterophorus
Plantago lanceolata
Urochloa panicoides
Sorghum halepense
Risks for the Sustainability of Integrated WeedManagement
Risk Level
Management Option LOW MODERATE HIGH
Herbicide use in cropping system> 2 modes of
action2 modes of
action1 mode of
action
Weed control in cropping systemCultural,
mechanical and chemical
Cultural and chemical
Chemical only
15
Same mode of action per season Once More than once Many times
Cropping system Full rotation Limited rotation No rotation
Resistance status to mode of action Unknown Limited Common
Weed infestation Low Moderate High
Control in last 3 years Good Declining Poor
Proper usage (rate / timing) Yes Unsure No
Sustainability of Integrated Weed Management in current European Maize Production ( ) compared to RR system ( )
Risk Level
Management Option LOW MODERATE HIGH
Herbicide use in cropping system> 2 modes of
action2 modes of
action1 mode of
action
Weed control in cropping systemCultural,
mechanical and chemical
Cultural and chemical
Chemical only
16
Same mode of action per season Once More than once Many times
Cropping system Full rotation Limited rotation No rotation
Resistance status to mode of action Unknown Limited Common
Weed infestation Low Moderate High
Control in last 3 years Good Declining Poor
Proper usage (rate / timing) Yes Unsure No
Summary
• Maize production is of increasing importance for food and feed supply from a worldwide and a European perspective.
• A major threat to maize productivity is weed competition for water, nutrients and light in early growth stages. – Best possible weed control is necessary to protect the yield potential of the
crop irrespective of the production system.
• The Roundup Ready maize system offers 4 additional weed control strategies to the maize production in Europe.strategies to the maize production in Europe.
• Roundup Ready maize is a flexible tool for consistent and selective weed control in Europe that protects the yield potential of the crop.
• Roundup Ready maize will increase in a cost effective way the sustainability of integrated weed management in European farming by adding a mode of action for weed control
• The combination of Roundup Ready maize with other traits (insect protection, drought tolerance,..) will address further challenges in European agriculture.
NK 603 launch in Europe – June 2008 - NMin case you are curious: this is just a white whole