NAPOLEON FORGES AN EMPIREChapter 23

section 3

Key Terms• Napoleon Bonaparte• Coup d’etat• Plebiscite• Lycee• Concordant • Napoleonic Code• Battle of Trafalgar

Hero of the Hour

• Napoleon a brilliant military leader

• Forced British troops out of Toulon

• Won a victory against Austria

• 1795 faced royalist mob in Paris

• Used artillery to disperse them

Hero of the Hour

• Directory place Napoleon in charge of French troops

• Troops not slowed down by supply train

• Took what they needed from the countryside

• Won battles against the Italians and Austrians

• Secured France’s borders

Hero of the Hour

• Napoleon turned his attention to Egypt

• 1798 Napoleon defeats Egypt’s Ottoman defenders

• Admiral Horatio Nelson- trapped and destroyed most French ships in the Battle of the Nile

Hero of the Hour

• Napoleon covered up his defeat

• Napoleon sailed home• Left army in Egypt under another officer

• Exaggerated France's successes

Coup d’Etat

• National hero decided to seize political power

• Directory had grown weak

• Armed supporters of Napoleon surrounded the Directory

• Voted Napoleon first Consul

Coup d’Etat

• Coup d’ etat- a forced transfer of power

• A group of three consuls would replace the Directory

• Structure of the Republic still in place

• Napoleon had become dictator

Napoleon Rules France

• Why would France want a dictator, after overthrowing a king?

• French craved order and stability the Napoleon promised

• Napoleon pledged to uphold some of the revolutions reforms

Napoleon Rules France

• Plebiscite-a vote of the people to approve a new constitution

• 1804- did they want to declare France an empire

• Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon I

• Pope Pious VII came from Rome to crown him

Napoleon Crowns as Emperor

• As Pope was going to place the crown on Napoleon's head

• He grabbed it and put it on his own head

• Told the world no one gave Napoleon authority but himself

Restoring Order at Home

• Set up efficient tax collection

• Established a national banking system

• Dismissed corrupt government officials

• Lycees-government run public schools

• Open to all• Appointment to public

office on merit not family connections

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• Wanted to rule Europe and extend power to Americas

• Civil war in Haiti was a French defeat

• Napoleon sold the Louisiana territories to America to concentrate on Europe

Loss of American Territories

• Louisiana territory sold for 15 million

• Napoleon needed the money to finance European operations

• The sale assured forever the power of the United States

• Gave England a rival that will humble her pride

Conquering Europe

• Quest to conquer Europe

• France became a dominant power in Europe

• Napoleonic Wars lasted till 1815

• Great Britain was France’s worst enemy

Conquering Europe

• Napoleon annexed the Austrian Netherlands and parts of Italy

• Napoleon met his challenges with boldness

• Other armies could not predict his next move

Conquering Europe

• Organized coalitions against France

• Napoleon knew he had to defeat Great Britain

• 1805 England again defeats France in Battle of Trafalgar

• On Land Napoleon was more successful

Battle of Trafalgar

• 1805 off the coast of Spain

• Split the French fleet• Captured many ships• Destruction of French fleet• Gave Britain naval

supremacy for 100 years• Force Napoleon to give

up invading Britain

French Empire

• Took control of Europe through treaties and alliances

• Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman Empire not controlled

• Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas

French Empire

• His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily

• His sisters and stepsons held important positions

Reform of Church State Relations

• Many citizens despised the anti religious nature of the Revolution

• Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope

• Concordat-French citizens were Roman Catholic

Reform of Church Relations

• Recognized the influence of the Catholic Church

• Did not return control over national affairs

Economic Reforms

• Established the Bank of France

• Regulate the economy• Set up efficient tax collection system

• Ensured government would not face hardships

Legal and Educational Reforms

• Created Napoleonic Code-laws uniform across the land

• Eliminated many injustices

• Promoted order and authority over rights

• Freedom of the press was restricted by censors

Legal and Educational Reforms

• Code only applied to male citizens

• Denied rights of women and allowed husbands to have authority over them

• Strong state depended on strong leaders in government and the military

Napoleon’s Legacy

• Napoleon’s action spread nationalism

• Nationalism-a sense of identity and unity as a people

• French people developed a new loyalty to France as a whole

• Nationalism spread to the conquered peoples