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National Park ServiceWestern Energy Summit
January 21-23, 2003Phoenix, Arizona
Session 4: Leading by Example: What Can We Do Within Our
Boundaries to Promote Environmental and Energy Conservation Goals?
Leading by ExampleSpeakers
Green Energy Parks ProgramTerry Brennan Coordinator
of the Green Energy Parks Program NPS-WASO, Terry_Brennan@nps.gov
Regional PerspectiveSteve Butterworth Regional
Energy Program Coordinator NPS-PWR, Steve_Butterworth@nps.gov
DOE Perspective, Support &ToolsSara Farrar-Nagy Senior
Project Leader, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, sara_farrar-nagy@nrel.gov
Green Energy Parks
MOU signed April 27, 1999
Green Energy Parks
Overview
A joint program of Department of Interior (DOI)
National Park Service (NPS) Department of Energy (DOE)
Federal Energy Management Program Biofuels Program Clean Cities (alternative fuel vehicles)
Green Energy Parks
Overview
Promotes the use of energy-efficient practices renewable energy
technologies alternative fuels
throughout national park facilities and transportation systems
Green Energy Parks
Goals1. Use energy-efficiency, renewable energy,
alternative fuels and other energy management strategies to save taxpayer dollars, reduce air and noise pollution, and reduce green
house gases
Green Energy Parks
Goals2. Use clean energy technologies and
interpretation to educate park visitors about the ability of clean energy technologies to mitigate the impacts of pollution and climate change on natural and cultural resources
Green Energy Parks
Goals3. Enhance the visitor
experience through pollution reduction and interpretive displays on clean energy practices and technologies
Green Energy Parks
Specific Objectives1. Reduce energy use in
Park Service buildings by 30% (compared to 1985 usage)
Green Energy Parks
Specific Objectives2. Evaluate all remote-site diesel generators
and develop a plan for replacing generators, where feasible, with renewable energy technologies, biofuels or less-polluting alternative fuels
Green Energy Parks
Specific Objectives3. Increase by 50% the
use of alternative fuels in the NPS motor vehicle fleet (over 1998 usage)
Green Energy Parks
Guiding Principles Every NPS site is eligible through a competitive funding
process, to receive technical and financial assistance to support implementation
Most projects implement commercially viable energy-efficiency, renewable energy or alternative fuel technologies that are cost effective (by life-cycle analysis)
Projects can demonstrate new or emerging alternative energy technologies
Projects should have an accompanying education component for the message to reach visitors
Green Energy Parks Partners
Propane Education and Research Council
National Park Foundation
National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)
Army Core of Engineers (fuel cells)
University-National Park Energy Partnership Program (UNPEPP)
Green Energy Parks University-National Park
Energy Partnership National program providing energy
services to the Parks and real-world problem-solving opportunities to university students
Support National Parks to meet energy needs cost-effectively
Green Energy Parks University-National Park
Energy Partnership Developed by James Madison University
(JMU), National Park Service, and DOE
Initial pilot project between JMU and Shenandoah National Park in 1997-98
Now in 6th year at Rochester Institute of Technology
Over 20 partnership projects
Green Energy Parks University-National Park
Energy Partnership Grants
Typically fund student and faculty time (plus equipment)
$10-20k per partnership (2-3 students for a summer)
MOU identifies partnership, work expectations
Projects have included
energy audits
solar power design analysis
fuel cell feasibility studies
PV installation
utility bill analysis
energy data collection
Green Energy Parks University-National Park
Energy Partnership Humboldt State – Redwood NP
Wolf Creek Outdoor School Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Design Project
Students conducted energy audit and solar energy design work
Green Energy Parks University-National Park
Energy PartnershipSouth Dakota State University – Yellowstone NP
Students designed and installed PV system at Lewis Lake Campground
Green Energy Parks Project Opportunities
180 projects with $5 million of combined NPS and DOE funds Facility Projects:
Hardware, Technical Assistance, and Audits Transportation Projects:
Biofuels and Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Vehicles
PMIS Project Identification for Funding Emphasis Area: “Green Energy Parks” Funding Source: “Fee Demo” or “DOE Reimbursable”
Green Energy Parks Publications
Lighting Retrofit Workbook A Practical "How To" Guide for the National Park Service Visitor Centers, by LBNL
http://ateam.lbl.gov/PUBS/doc/NPS_guidebook.pdf
Technology guide under development
Green Energy Parks For more information
www.nps.gov/renew
Park-by-park summary case studies and Green Toolbox
www.nature.nps.gov/sustainability
Includes additional information about energy related projects
www.eren.doe.gov/femp/techassist/greenparks.html
Program overview, opportunities, and additional case studies
Green Energy: DOE Perspective, Support, and Tools
Solar Decathlon
Washington, D.C.
September 19 - October 9, 2002
Overview Department of Energy (DOE) Programs
Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)
Clean Cities Biofuels Biomass High Performance Buildings
Case Studies in the Parks
FEMP’s Mission
FEMP works to reduce the cost and environmental impact of government by: Advancing energy efficiency and water
conservation Promoting the use of distributed and
renewable energy Improving utility management decisions at
Federal sites
Legislative History / Executive Directives
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (1975)
DOE Organization Act (1977)
National Energy Conservation Policy Act (1978)
Federal Energy Management Improvement Act (1988)
Executive Order 12759 (1991)
Energy Policy Act (1992)
Executive Order 12902 (1994)
Executive Order 13123 (1999)
Executive Order 13221 (2001)
Federal Energy Snapshot
$9.6 billion Federal annual energy bill 500,000 facilities with 3
billion square feet of space Buildings: $3.9 billion Energy Intensive Operations:
$0.6 billion Exempt Buildings: $0.4 billion
Vehicles & Equipment: $4.6 billion
Federal Energy Management Goals
Reduce energy consumption Facility energy per square foot to be reduced by 30% in 2005 and
35% in 2010 relative to 1985 Purchase energy efficient products including those that use
minimal stand-by power
Expand use of renewable energy 2.5% of Federal facility electricity consumption by 2005 2,000 solar energy systems by 2000; 20,000 by 2010
Implement best management practices for water conservation in 80% of Federal facilities by 2010
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30% by 2010 compared to 1990
Progress to DatePreliminary FY 2001 data indicates the Federal Government exceeded the FY 2000 goal by 3%
In real dollars, the Government spent $1.4 billion less for energy in its buildings in FY01 compared to FY85
Approximately half of these savings are from energy improvements
23% reduction is based on Btu/sf
Standard Building Energy Reduction Goals
85,000
90,000
95,000
100,000
105,000
110,000
115,000
120,000
125,0 00
130,000
135,000
140,000
145,000
85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09
FISCAL YEAR
Btu
per
Sq
uar
e F
oo
t
10% Goal - 1995 (NECPA)
20% Goal - 2000 (EPACT)
30% Goal - 2005 (EO 12902)
Actual Energy Use
23.0% Reduction, 2001(Preliminary Data)
35% Goal - 2010 (EO 13123)
Tailoring Services to Meet Customer’s Needs
Building Retrofits
New Construction
Partnerships++
EquipmentProcurement
Management, Maintenance,& Operations
Utility & Load
Management
FEMP’s Portfolio of Services
TechnicalAssistance
Financing Outreach Policy
FEMP Technical Assistance
Programs Design Assistance
Renewable Energy Projects Energy and Water Efficiency New Building Design
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Renewable / Green Power Purchasing SAVEnergy Audits O&M, Water Best Management Practices Industrial Facilities, Labs21
Goal: To assist Federal agencies implement projects by overcoming technical obstacles
FEMP offers: Opportunity Assessments & Audits Feasibility Studies Financing Strategies Technical Specifications Proposal Reviews & Support in Negotiation Design Review Acceptance Testing
FEMP Technical Assistance
FEMP - Calls for Projects Annual TA “Call for Projects”
Includes Renewable Energy, Design Assistance, Water Efficiency, Operation & Maintenance, and more
Also separate annual DER “Call for Projects”
FEMP selects and funds projects best meeting predetermined criteria
Watch the FEMP web site for more information:www.eren.doe.gov/femp
Projects can include: Low energy design in buildings Solar water and air heating Photovoltaics Wind Geothermal heat pumps or
geothermal heating and cooling On-site biomass electricity and
thermal generation
FEMP – Renewable Projects
FEMP supports Federal agencies to procure utility power from renewable sources
Contact: Chandra Shah 303-384-
7557
Renewable Power Purchasing
www.eren.doe.gov/greenpower
FEMP SAVEnergy Audits
Audit Types Energy Efficiency Survey
Water Conservation Survey
Park Service Status SAVEnergy Audits conducted at 50 NPS sites during
1995-2002 (35 in Western Parks)
How to apply FEMP Regional Representative or
http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp/techassist/audit.html
FEMP - Training Upcoming courses
Design Strategies for Low-Energy, Sustainable,Secure Buildings
March 26 – 27 San Diego, CAWater Resource Management April 15-16 Denver, CODistributed Generation for Federal FacilitiesMay 12-13 Los Angeles, CAEnergy 2003 Conference August 17-20 Orlando, FL
Schedule and registration online:www.eren.doe.gov/femp/resources/training/femptraining.html
Outreach & Communications
FEMP Web Site: www.eren.doe.gov/femp
FEMP Focus Newsletter SAVE with Solar Newsletter You Have the Power Campaign Annual Energy Awards
Program
FEMP Regional Representatives
Denver RODenver RODenver RODenver RO
CENTRALCENTRAL
Seattle Seattle
RORO
Seattle Seattle
RORO
WESTERNWESTERN
Philadelphia Philadelphia
RORO
Philadelphia Philadelphia
RORO
MID-ATLANTIC
MID-ATLANTIC
Boston ROBoston ROBoston ROBoston RO
NORTHEASTNORTHEAST
SOUTHEASTSOUTHEAST
Atlanta Atlanta
RORO
Atlanta Atlanta
RORO
Chicago ROChicago ROChicago ROChicago RO
MIDWESTMIDWEST
FEMP Regional Office Contacts
Seattle Cheri Sayer (206) 553-7838
Denver Randy Jones (303) 275-4814
Chicago Melinda Latimer (312) 886-8561
Philadelphia Claudia Marchione (215) 656-6967
Atlanta Lisa Hollingsworth (404) 562-0569
Boston Paul King (617) 565-9712
Clean Cities
Photo credit: David Parsons, NREL
Clean Cities Program Supports public-private partnerships that deploy
alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and build supporting infrastructure
AFV Fuels:CNG, LNG, E85, LPG, Biodiesel, Electricity
9th National Clean Cities Conference & ExpoMay 19-23, 2003 Palm Springs, CA
Alternative Fuels Data Centerwww.afdc.gov
Clean Cities Coalitions Locally based government and industry
partnerships coordinated by DOE to expand the use of alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels
National Park Partnerships Rocky Mountain National Park with Weld and Larimer
counties (W/L/RMNP), designated May 1996 Greater Yellowstone-Teton Clean Cities National Park
Coalition, designated September 2002 Lake Tahoe Clean Cities Coalition, planning stage
Biofuels DOE research to cost-effectively produce
biofuels from diverse feedstocks Regional Biomass Energy Program
Increase production and use of bioenergy resources
Opportunities for biodiesel education/workshopsContact: Shaine Tyson at 303-275-4616
Biennial Bioenergy ConferenceFall 2004
For additional Informationwww.ott.doe.gov/biofuels
Biodiesel & Ethanol Examples Biodiesel Vehicles
Forest Service – Wyoming55 vehicles run on B20 year-round
Yellowstone National ParkTruck-in-the-Park pickup - B100 without additives
Pictured Rocks National LakeshoreB20 (soy-diesel) blended into diesel fuel tanks.
Also soy-based lubricants, hydraulic fluid, two-cycle oil, and crankcase oil.
E-85 fueling stations Mammoth Cave National Park NPS National Capital Region
Biomass Power BioPower: renewable electricity
from plant material DOE research to produce
small, modular biopower systems (5 kW to 5 MW)
Current FEMP Project: Forest Service/Yavapai-Apache Nation – Feasibility of 2-10 MW woodchip biomass electricity generating plant
Photo credit: Dr. Paul Torcellini, NREL
High Performance Buildings
High Performance Buildings Goal: To substantially improve the performance
of commercial buildings by changing how these buildings are designed, built, and operated
Strategies: Technical Evaluation and Research Building Performance Communication/Project Documentation
Start participation with application Additional information and resources online
www.highperformancebuildings.gov
High Performance Buildings Criteria for participation
Committed to 70% energy cost savings when compared to 10CFR434 (lighting and HVAC loads)
Employ near 100% daylighting with automated lighting control that respond to daylight levels
Design envelope based on simulation results and design HVAC based on specific load conditions
Pre-design stage (buildings with plans are too far along to make substantial effective energy choices)
Building available for monitoring and evaluation for at least 1 year during occupancy
Plan to incorporate energy features that are of current research interest
Case Studies
DOE Supported Projects
with the National Park Service in Western Regions
Sustainable BuildingZion National Park Visitor Center Passive down-draft evaporative
cooling towers
Daylighting
Engineered shading
Natural ventilation
Automatic windows
Trombe walls
Direct gain heating
Thermal Mass
7 kW Photovoltaics
Outdoor exhibits (smaller bldg)
Estimated 70% savings in purchased energy compared to conventional building design. Using a whole building design process resulted in a project that also cost less to build.
Solar Water Heating
Chickasaw NRA (Oklahoma) incorporated solar energy in three new comfort stations. (1) 1000, (2) 500 gal storage
(1) 484, (2) 194 sf collectors
$3500/yr savings
37,000 kWh/yr total equivalent solar heat
These systems reduce operating and maintenance costs and increase reliability. A simple 9-year payback period makes the project cost effective for this site.
"The great thing about using solar heated showers ... is the user demand very closely follows the amount of available sunlight." —Mark Golnar, NPS Mechanical Engineer
Renewable Energy atPinnacles National Monument
PV-hybrid system provided an elegant solution for electricity in sensitive area 9.6 kW PV with 20 kW propane
genset LCC analysis: system costs
$83k less than 2 replacement propane gensets over 20-years
New GMP Project: move facilities above flood plain Sizing off-grid hybrid system
New efficient building design
“The PV system … costs a fraction of what we used to pay each month to operate and maintain the diesel generators it replaces." —Gary Candelaria, Superintendent
Renewable Energy atNatural Bridges National Monument
PV-Hybrid System Rehabilitation Study Assessed load requirements + system needs
Original 100 kW solar array now under 50 kW 60 kW diesel back-up generator New batteries, charge controller and inverter
Produced performance specifications suitable for bids
Renewable Energy atYosemite National Park
El Portal Maintenance Facility 47kW PV grid-connected system Supplies 10% of electric demand during peak hours PowerLight system adds R-20 insulation to the roof Meets air quality goals for
point source pollution reduction (offsetting PG&E pollution from electricity generation)
Renewable Energy atWhiskeytown National Recreation Area
Visitor Center PV grid-connected systems Fixed panels and passive tracker
Renewable Energy atKalaupapa National Historic Park
Implementing a PV-hybrid system for water pumping to eliminate diesel generator operation
Study for long-term sustainable energy resources
Renewable Energy atMt. Rainier National Park
White River Facility 15.5kW PV-hybrid system with propane genset
serves 59 kWh/day load 207 modules on 90 linear feet of new garage roof Replaces a generator-only system with the solar
providing 85% of the electricity needs
Reduces generator run-time from 3500 to 150 hours per season (dramatic reduction in noise)
Renewable Energy atMojave National Preserve
Hole-in-the-Wall Fire Station 10.88-kW PV-hybrid system with propane genset
serves 50 kWh/day load Serves 50 kWh/day load of fire station dormitory (up
to 16 firefighters) and garage Flexible, amorphous-silicon
roofing laminates, applied to a new metal roof
Renewable Energy atJoshua Tree National Park
Oasis Visitor Center Feasibility study, result: 40kW PV grid-tied system Off-set electricity conventional generation with shade
Several other showcase PV-hybrid systems with knowledgeable supporting staff
Renewable Energy at Channel Islands National Park
Water Heating and Light Tube
Water pumping (with storage)
Wind Hybrid Electricity System at San Miguel
Island
Renewable Energy at Point Reyes National Seashore
PV at Education Center
SDHW at Education Center
PV at Pacific Coast Learning Center
Renewable Energy atGlen Canyon National Recreation Area
115 kW hybrid system serving Dangling Rope Marina. This project offsets barging 65,000
gallons/year of diesel fuel across Lake Powell. Important lessons learned with hybrid system.
Renewable Energy atYellowstone National Park
The system provides 14,000 kWh/year with reduced noise and air
pollution
7 kW system serving Lamar Buffalo Ranch
Renewable Energy atLake Mead National Recreation Area
1.2 kW system serving Shivwits Fire Camp
Provides power for seasonal ranger operations
Installed as part of a field training workshop
Fuel Cell atYellowstone National Park
Powers Kiosks at West Entrance 4.5-kW, propane-fueled Being evaluated for effectiveness at high
elevation and in a severe climate Successful collaboration:
Yellowstone National Park Fall River Rural Electric
Cooperative H Power Corporation Propane Education &
Research Council
Biofuels – Marine Project
The Pacific Ranger has operated on 100% biodiesel for two years. This renewable organic- based fuel is manufactured from used vegetable cooking oils. This project will reduce the demand on petroleum resources, decrease exhaust emissions and demonstrate the viable application of alternative fuels applications in marine service.
The Pacific Ranger at Channel Islands National Park. Note the “bulbous bow” hull modification which reduces friction & wake resistance on the displacement hull as it travels through the water.
Biofuels - Truck Project
The biodiesel fuel is produced locally in Idaho and Montana. It is made from rapeseed (canola) ethyl ester: rapeseed oil is extracted and combined with ethanol (potato waste). A "bear attraction test" dispelled the notion that the french fry smell of biodiesel would attract bears.
Truck-in-the-Park Program
Unmodified 3/4 ton diesel truck
130,000 miles on 100% biodiesel Engine teardown at 100,000
miles indicated little wear and no carbon buildup.
Benefits Reduced toxicity, emissions,
smoke, odors
Increased safety, biodegradability
Performance 16.3 mpg (1 mpg less than diesel)
$2-$3.50 per gallon if commercial-scale production available
In closing …
National Park Service
Regional Perspective
What Can We Do Within Our Boundaries to Promote Environmental and Energy
Conservation Goals?