National Pharmacology Quiz

IPS 2010

Enjoy the Euphoria

Round 1

Picture Round

Rules for this round

oThis round has two parts – i) logos ii) Buildings

oYou have 30 seconds to answer each question.

oEach question has two subdivisions.

oTen points if both subdivisions are answered correctly.

oFive marks if only one subdivision is correctly answered.

oIf a team answers wrongly, it passes to the next team. Time limit to answer the passed question is 5 seconds.

oThe above mentioned scoring pattern will be followed both for direct and passed questions.

Logos

a. Which organization has this logo?

b. What is its motto?

Team A

a. The Uppsala Monitoring Centre

b. Safeguarding patients

Answer

a. Which organization has this logo?

b. Name the type of chart / diagram seen in the center of the logo.

Team B

a. The Cochrane Collaboration

b. Forest Plot

Answer

a. Which pharmaceutical company bears this logo?

b. Why this logo was selected?

Team C

a. Novo Nordisk

b. The logo choice follows an old European chemist's tradition of identifying pharmacies by an animal symbol.

‘Apis bull’ is a sacred animal of ancient Egypt. It was worshipped as the incarnation of Ptah, creator of the universe, city god of Memphis and the patron deity of craftsmen.

Answer

a. Which agency / drug company has launched the campaign ‘Make medicines child size’ ?

b. Which resolution led to this campaign?

Team D

a. World Health Organization

b. Better Medicines for Children

Answer

Buildings

Manikandan 14

a. Identify this building dressed like a carton of aspirin.

b. Why was this done?

Team D

a. Corporate building of Bayer

b. Centenary celebrations of aspirin

Answer

a. Identify the building in which this historical event took place.

b. How is this day celebrated every year?

Team C

a. Massachusetts General Hospital. This hall was named Ether dome after this demonstration.

b. Ether Day (October 16th)

Answer

a. Identify this building located in London.

b. How is this related to pharmacology?

Clue: Look at the peculiar statue in front of the building.

Team B

a. European Medicines Agency

b. Regulatory authority for European Union

Answer

a. Identify the building which released a toxin in 1984 that led to death of thousands of people and permanent disability in many.

b. The picture on the left is a monument erected for the victims. How is this incident known as?

Team A

a. Union Carbide Factory

b. Bhopal Gas Tragedy

Answer

Round 2

Its all Greek and Latin

This round has two parts – 1) Greek Mythology 2) Statistics

Rules for Part 1 (Greek Mythology)

o You have 30 seconds to answer each question.

oEach question has two subdivisions.

oTen points if both subdivisions are answered correctly.

oFive marks if only one subdivision is correctly answered.

oIf a team answers wrongly, it passes to the next team. Time limit to answer the passed question is 5 seconds.

oThe above mentioned scoring pattern will be followed both for direct and passed questions.

Greek Mythology

a. Identify the structure related to Greek mythology.

b. How is this related to drug delivery?

Team B

a. Trojan Horse

b. Monoclonal antibodies that mimic endogenous peptides (peptidomimetic antibodies) can acts as ‘Molecular Trojan Horses’ to ferry drugs across blood brain barrier.

Answer

a. Identify the three Greek gods depicted in the picture.

b. Two drugs are named after them. Name any one drug.

Team C

a. Lachesis: Greek God measuring the length of thread of our lifeClothos: Greek God weaving the thread of life (Something woven out of thread is called clothe after this God)

Atropos: Greek God cutting the thread of life

b. Lachesine (not used now), atropine

Answer

a. Identify the Greek god in the picture.

b. Name the drug group / class which got its name after her.

Team D

a. Aphrodite – Greek God of love (Venus and Cupid are the Roman equivalent)

Eros - Greek God for lust is also depicted in the picture (the winged baby)

b. Aphrodisiac

Answer

a. Name the Greek deity of air and light.

b. Which drug was named after him?

Team A

a. Aether – Greek God for air and light

b. Ether

Answer

Statistics

Rules for Part 2 (Statistics)

oYou have 45 seconds to answer each question.

oA small research scenario will be provided. You have to select the appropriate statistical test for analysis of data.

oTen points for answering correctly the direct questions.

oUpon wrong answers, it passes to the next team. Time limit to answer for passed question is 5 seconds.

oFive points if a passed question is answered correctly.

A group (N = 50) of hypertensive patients were treated with a new antihypertensive for 1 month. Their systolic BP was measured at baseline and weekly thereafter

What statistical test is best to analyze the antihypertensive effect of this new drug?

Team A

Repeated measures ANOVA

Answer

A new anticholinergic was tested for the mydriatic effect in a group of 12 rabbits. It was instilled in the right eye and normal saline in the left (control). The baseline pupil size of both eyes was measured and again at 20 minutes post-instillation of drug.

What statistical test is best to analyze the mydriatic effect of the new anticholinergic?

Team D

Paired t test

Answer

A new antibiotic’s efficacy was compared with standard therapy for lower respiratory tract infection. The treatment was administered for 7 days in both the arms (N = 100 in each group). The number of people cured of the infection was found out in both the groups.

What statistical test is best to analyze the effect of the new antibiotic?

Team C

Chi square test

Answer

A new analgesic, ‘Nopane’ was compared with tramadol in post-operative patients. Group A (N = 70) received nopane while Group B (N = 70) received tramadol. Pain was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) after 4 hours in both groups.

What statistical test will you select to analyse the analgesic effect of nopane?

Team B

Mann Whitney U test

Answer

Skill Keeper

Round 3

Part I

Rules for Round 3 – Part I

oEach question in this round has two subdivisions.

oIn the first subdivision, identify a movie based on the description. Time - 30 seconds. Ten points if answered correctly.

oIf the first subdivision is answered correctly, you automatically proceed to the second. Here a question about a real scenario connected to the movie is to be answered. Time - 30 seconds. Ten points for answering correctly. No negative mark.

oYou have a choice to take the 2nd question even if you have wrongly answered / not answered the first.

oYou get 10 points if the 2nd question is answered correctly. If not answered / answered wrongly, you get minus 5 points.

This movie depicts a world where genetic testing is ubiquitous and instant. This has led to humanity being divided into the valids (those with healthy genes) and the invalids (those at high risk of certain diseases), with invalids being denied jobs and treated as 2nd class citizens.

Name the movie

Team C

Gattaca

Answer

Reality

The US Government recently released a report on ‘Direct to Consumer Genetic Testing’. What is its recommendation?

Answer

Direct to consumer genetic testing is misleading and of little / no use to consumers.

Team C

This movie is about a research which recruited 412 men with disease and faked long term treatment. It was done to find out the overall effect of disease and how blacks reacted to it. The story is told from the view point of nurse Eunice Evers who was well aware of the lack of treatment offered.

Name this movie

Team D

Miss Evers’ Boys

Answer

Reality

Which real incident is connected to this movie?

Answer

The film depicts the true story of Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Team D

This is a sensational excursion into the future (2019), where wealthy individuals have clones of themselves made to provide compatible body parts when they fall ill. The clones, who are kept in perfect health in a facility buried somewhere in the desert, are ignorant of their eventual fate.

Name this movie

Team A

The Island

Answer

RealityBabies have been designed to provide material for transplants, called “saviour siblings”. They are selected as zygotes before implantation because they have to be compatible with a brother/sister who is ill and requires bone marrow or stem cell transplant. Which country permits saviour siblings?

Answer

United Kingdom

Team A

This was a long running (1995 – 2001) television series in which the crew of the eponymous spacecraft are lost in space with nothing but each other and a spaceship full of technology to keep them going. They have a computer simulated hologram (“The Doctor”) that can do everything a real doctor can do: diagnose, examine, treat, and counsel.Name this television series.

Team B

Star Trek - Voyager

Answer

RealityMassachusetts Institute of Technology has developed a computer based product which uses the image of a doctor and can partially understand the patient’s response. It can be used before an office visit to prepare the patient, deliver educational materials, triage care, and preorder appropriate tests. Name this artificial doctor.

Answer

I’m Listening

Team B

TherapeuticsTherapeutics

Round 3 – Part II

Rules for this round

oYou have 45 seconds to answer the question.

oA clinical scenario is provided. Answer the related question.

oTen points for answering direct questions correctly. Wrong answer attracts minus five points. No points deducted for passing the question.

oIf a team answers the passed question correctly, it gets five points. If answered wrongly, five points will be deduced. No points deducted for passing.

oTime limit for answering the passed question is 5 seconds.

A 55-year-old man presented with a cut injury of thigh. He is a known hypertensive with poor drug compliance. On examination the BP was 148/94 mm Hg. The wound was sutured under local anesthesia, after injecting a mixture of lignocaine + adrenaline. Sometime later the patient complained of headache and BP was 160/100 mm Hg.

a.Why the BP increased in this patient?

b.How this could have been avoided?

Team B

Answer

Local anesthetic containing adrenaline should not be used in an uncontrolled hypertensive patient.

Felypressin should be used instead of adrenaline or lignocaine without adrenaline should be used

A 45 year old male presented with complaints of headache, blurred vision and halos around light in the right eye. He also had vomiting. His intraocular pressure was 45 mm Hg. A diagnosis of acute angle closure glaucoma was made and was started on timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops od. There was no improvement even after two days.

Why there was no improvement?

Team A

Acute angle closure glaucoma is an emergency condition. Drugs used in this condition should act immediately.

Beta blockers take time to act, so not preferred as initial choice. Moreover the pathology is not increase in secretion but outflow obstruction. So relieving obstruction should be the first measure.

Answer

A 55 year old patient, diagnosed to have Parkinson’s disease was started on Tab. Selegiline 5 mg bid. Following the evening dose at 8:30 p.m, he was very much excited and could not even sleep that night.

Why do you think this happened?

How can insomnia due to selegiline avoided?

Team D

Selegiline yields amphetamine as its metabolite, which might lead to insomnia.

The evening dose of selegiline should be given before 6 p.m.

Rasagiline does not yield amphetamine as its metabolite and also given once daily.

Answer

A 35 year old male, diagnosed to have Grand mal was started on Tab. Phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg tid by a neurologist. Even after 2 months of good compliance, he had frequent seizures. So he consulted a general physician who increased Phenytoin to 150 mg tid (Brand - Dilantin). After 1 week he experienced nystagmus, diplopia & ataxia. Now he consults you. You order for plasma phenytoin, which was 43.8 mcg/L (Normal 10 – 20 mcg/L)

Explain why he developed the adverse effects?How these could have been avoided?

Team C

When increasing the dose of phenytoin above 300 mg/day, increase it in increments of 25 mg

Reason: Reason:

Above 300 mg/day, phenytoin follows zero order elimination

Answer

Round 4

Biomedical Ethics & JournalsBiomedical Ethics & Journals

Rules for this round

oThis round has two parts–

i) Biomedical Ethics ii) Journals

oYou have 30 seconds to answer the question.

oTen points for correct answer.

oIf a team answers wrongly, it passes to the next team. Time limit for passed question is 5 seconds.

oFive points for answering correctly the passed question.

Biomedical EthicsBiomedical Ethics

Round 4 – Part I

Former President, Bill Clinton apologized for an unethical study conducted in US. This happened 65 years after the study was finished.

Name this unethical study.

Team D

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Answer

After World War II, USA conducted the Doctor’s Trial against the Nazi researchers (who conducted many unethical experiments in war prisoners). This lead to the development of an important document in ethics.

Name this document.

Team A

Nuremberg Code

Answer

This is a corner stone document in human research ethics, developed by the World Medical Association, has undergone six revisions, the latest one in 2008.

Which document is referred here?

Team B

Declaration of Helsinki

Answer

This document states the basic ethical principles and guidelines for research in human subjects. This was created by ‘The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research’ in 1979. It gets its name from the place where it was first drafted.

Which document is referred here?

Team C

Belmont Report

Answer

JournalsJournals

Round 4 – Part II

Lancet retracted a paper 12 years after it was published. This followed a verdict by General Medical Council (GMC). This case was the longest hearing in the history of GMC. It was also the longest medical investigation by Sunday Times since thalidomide tragedy.

What was this controversial article about?

Dr. Andrew Wakefield

Team C

Association of MMR vaccine with autism

Answer

Dr.Ram B.Singh, a private practitioner based in Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Moradabad (U.P) published many articles during 1992 – 2002 in leading journals (BMJ, Lancet). When doubts were raised about the veracity of the data by BMJ, he replied that raw data was eaten by termites. BMJ made it public in 2005.

What research problem was addressed to in these controversial articles?

Team B

Influence of diet on coronary heart disease

Answer

Merck & Elsevier jointly made a phony journal, which raised serious concerns about the use of medical journals as marketing device.

What was the name of this fake journal?

Team A

Australasian Journal of Bone & Joint Medicine

Answer

o For over 45 years, this journal has provided rigorous and independent evaluations of, and practical advice on, individual treatments and the overall management of disease for doctors, and other healthcare professionals.

o It has always been wholly independent of the pharmaceutical industry, government and regulatory authorities.

o It is also free of advertising and other forms of commercial sponsorship.

Which journal are we referring to?

Team D

Drugs & Therapeutics Bulletin

Answer

Round 5

Cascade

Rules for this round

oYou will be asked a series of five interconnected questions.

oEach successive question will be based on the answer of the previous one.

oIf you answer a question correctly, you get 10 points. No negative marks for wrong answers.

oIf you have wrongly told the answer or would like to know the answer, you lose 5 points.

oYou can pass to next question without answering a previous question.

oYou get 30 seconds to answer each question.

1. How is April 7 of every year celebrated by the medical society?

2. What is the theme of this day for 2011?

3. A new enzyme developed recently posed a major threat to this problem. Name this enzyme.

4. Which drug retains activity against this enzyme?

5. What is the most common adverse effect of this drug?

Team A

1. April 7 of every year celebrated as World Health Day

2. The theme of this day for 2011?

Antimicrobial resistance

3. Name of the new enzyme developed recently posed a major threat to this problem. New Delhi metallo lactamase 1

4. Which drug retains activity against this enzyme? Tigecycline

5. The most common adverse effect of this drug? Nausea

1. A most respected award in science which often presage future recognition by Nobel Prize Committee. Name this award.

2. Napoleone Ferrara received this in 2010 for discovering an important growth factor. Name this factor.

3. Name the drug which inhibits this factor and used in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

4. This drug was modified, a smaller derivative developed which penetrated the cornea well and used for wet macular degeneration. Name this drug.

5. By which route is this drug administered?

Team B

1. This is a most respected award in science which often presage future recognition by Nobel Prize Committee. Lasker Award

2. Napoleone Ferrara received this in 2010 for discovering an important growth factor. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

3. The drug which inhibits this factor and used in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Bevacizumab

4. This drug was modified, a smaller derivative developed which penetrated the cornea well and used for wet macular degeneration. Ranibizumab

5. This drug administered by Intravitreal route

1. Which Nobel laureate & great pharmacologist passed away a few months back (2010)?

2. He discovered a drug which is widely used and is a prototype. Name this drug.

3. Which property precludes this drug for use in ophthalmological disorders?

4. What mechanism is attributed for this effect / action?

5. Drugs with this mechanism of action are used to treat an acute cardiovascular condition which can otherwise be lethal. Name this condition.

Team C

1. Nobel laureate & great pharmacologist passed away a few months back? James Black

2. Discovered Propranolol which is widely used and a prototype for its group.

3. Memberane Stabilising action / Local anaesthetic effect precludes its use in ophthalmological disorders

4. The mechanism attributed for this effect / action? Sodium channel blockade

5. Drugs with this mechanism are used to treat an acute cardiovascular condition which can otherwise be lethal. Arrhythmia

1. Which German scientist was prevented by Hitler from attending the Nobel Prize ceremony to get his prize?

2. Name the drug discovered for which he was awarded Nobel prize.

3. This group of drugs can cause high rate of allergic reactions in patients having a particular disease. Name this disease.

4. Which group of drugs used in this disease causes a charcteristic ‘buffalo hump’ deposit of fat in the upper back?

5. Which drug in this group cause nephrolithiasis?

Team D

1. German scientist prevented by Hitler from attending the Nobel Prize ceremony Gerhard Domagk

2. The drug discovered by him for which he was awarded Nobel prize. Prontosil (sulfonamides)

3. This group of drugs can cause high rate of allergic reactions in patients having AIDS

4. The group of drugs used in this disease causes a characteristic ‘buffalo hump’ deposit of fat in the upper back? Protease inhibitor

5. Indinavir is the drug in this group causes nephrolithiasis.

Round 6

Rapid Fire

Rules for this round

oEach team will be asked a series of ten questions. To be answered within two minutes.

oEach team has to nominate a person to answer. Discussion within team allowed, but to be answered only by the nominee.

oIf a person other than nominee answers, it is considered wrong (even if the answer told is correct).

oCan pass the question if you don’t know the answer. passed questions can be answered if time is left after all the ten questions are taken.

oQuiz master will proceed to the next question only after a response, either an answer or ‘pass’.

oFive points for each correct answer. No negative marks for wrong answers.