Post on 14-Jun-2020
transcript
Page A of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
NATIONAL PLAN
MARINE OIL SPILL RESPONSEHEALTH AND SAFETY
GUIDANCE
GUIDANCE
Reference: NP-GUI-026
i
National Plan Guidance on: Response, Assessment and Termination of Cleaning for Oil Contaminated Foreshores – Reference: NP-GUI-025
CONTENTSList of Acronyms 1
Introduction 2
Aim 2
Scope 2
Audience 2
Structure 2
Review process 2
1 HazardIdentificationandRiskAssessment 3
1.1 MandatoryWorkplaceHealthandSafetyRequirements 4
1.1.1 LegislativeArrangements 4
1.1.2 WorkplaceHealthandSafety 4
1.1.3 Responderwelfare 5
1.2 RiskManagementProcess 6
1.2.1 StepOne:Identifythehazard 7
1.2.2 StepTwo:Assesstherisk 8
1.2.3 StepThree:Applyhazardcontrols 9
1.2.4 StepFour:Acceptorrejectresidualrisk 10
1.2.5 StepFive:Monitorandreview 10
2. ApplicationofRiskManagement 11
2.1 TheSafetyPlan 11
2.2 Incident Management Team (IMT) 12
2.3 In-fieldResponders 12
2.4 StandardOperatingProcedures(SOP) 12
2.5 JobSafetyAnalysis(JSA) 12
2.6 TakeFive 13
2.7 PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)Register 14
2.8 Ongoingwelfarearrangements 14
2.8.1 Amenities 14
2.8.2 Fitnessfortaskofresponders 15
2.8.3 Firstaidrequirements 15
2.8.4 ResponderHealthandSafetyMonitoring 16
2.8.5 Decontamination 16
2.8.6 AirMonitoringandExclusionZones 18
3. PPERequirementsforOilSpillResponders 18
4. References 24
ii
5. Appendices 25
5.1 CaseStudy:ExerciseWestwinddeckcranehydraulicfailure 25
5.2 OilSpillResponderTrainingStandards 26
5.3 HazardRegister 27
5.3.1 HazardRegister:Onshore-General 27
5.3.2 HazardRegister:Vehicles,Vessels,Aircraft,andMovements 29
5.3.3 HazardRegister:HazardsSpecifictoOilSpillResponse 31
5.3.4 HazardRegister:AustralianRegionalHazards 32
5.4 SafetyPlanChecklist 33
5.5 SafetyPlan 34
5.6 SiteSafetyEvaluationForm 36
5.7 SiteSafetyBriefingTemplate 38
5.8 StandardOperatingProcedures 39
5.9 JobSafetyAnalysis 40
5.10SafetyReportForm 44
5.11WindChillChart 45
5.12HazardousComponentsofPetroleumProducts 46
5.13HeatDisorderInformation 47
5.14PermissibleNoiseExposure 48
5.15WorkingatHeights 48
5.16ManualHandling 49
TABLESTable1.1:RiskManagementTools 6
Table1-2:RiskMatrix 8
Table2-1:Airmonitoringcontacts 18
Table3-1:MinimumStandardPPE 19
Table3-2:PPESelectionMatrixbyResponseActivity 20
Table5-1:RelativePotentialHealthConcernforComponentsofPetroleumProducts 46
FIGURES Figure1:TheRiskManagementProcess 7
Figure2:HierarchyofHazardControl 9
Figure3:SafetyPlanCoreDocuments(Recommended) 11
Figure4:TheTakeFiveProcess 13
Page 1 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
LIST OF ACRONYMSALARP AsLowAsReasonablyPracticable
AMOSC AustralianMarineOilSpillCentre
CFA CountryFireAuthority
EPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
FWADC FixedWingAircraftDispersantContract
GRN GlobalResponseNetwork
HUET HelicopterUnderwaterEscapeTraining
HVAC Heating,VentilationandAirConditioning
IAP IncidentActionPlan
ICT InformationandCommunicationsTechnology
IMO InternationalMaritimeOrganisation
IMT Incident Management Team
IPIECA InternationalPetroleumIndustryEnvironmentalConservationAssociation
JHA JobHazardAnalysis
JSA JobSafetyAnalysis
MEPC MarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee
MFB MetropolitanFireBrigade
O&G OilandGas
OSRL OilSpillResponseLtd
OWR OiledWildlifeResponse
PPE PersonalProtectiveEquipment
RA RiskAssessment
RMP RiskManagementProcess
SDS SafetyDataSheet
SMEACS Situation,Mission,Execution,Administration,Communication,Safety
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
TBOSIET TropicalBasicOffshoreSafetyInduction&EmergencyTraining
Page 2 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
INTRODUCTIONAimTheaimofthisdocumentistooutlineastandardised,operationallyfocusedmethodundertheNationalPlanforMaritimeEnvironmentalEmergenciestominimisehealthandsafetyriskstooilspillresponders.
ScopeThisGuidancerelatesspecificallytooil(hydrocarbon)spills.OrganisationsinvolvedinOilSpillResponseIncidentManagementandOperationalResponseTeamsshouldusethisdocumentasaguidetodevelopa responsespecificsafetyplan,ensuring that there isacommonapproach tominimising thehealthandsafetyriskstopersonnelperformingtheirroleasoilspillresponders.HealthandsafetyrelatingtoHazardousandNoxiousSubstancesareexcludedfromthescopeandwillbeaddressedinaseparatedocument.
AudienceOil Spill Response IncidentManagement andOperational ResponseTeams responding throughoutAustralia, including all State and Commonwealth jurisdictions and within the Australian marineenvironment. In theevent thatwhileworkingunder aControlAgency that doesnot alreadyhaveawell-developedHSEsysteminplacetocoveramarineoilspilleventresponsethisguidancemaybeadopted.
StructureThispaperisbrokendownintothreemainsections:
1. Hazardidentificationandriskassessment,2. Applicationofriskmanagement,and3. Personalprotectiveequipmentrequirementsforoilspillresponders.
Sections1and2provideanIncidentManagementTeam(IMT)informationontheprocess,templates,tools,anddatatouseduringaresponse,withsection3providingPPErecommendationsbasedonoilspillresponseactivity.
Review processThisdocumentshouldbereviewedonanannualbasistoensurethatitremainsuptodateandrelevant.
Page 3 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Theprimaryobjectiveofthisdocumentistoensurethehealthandsafetyofallpersonnelinvolvedinamarineoilspillresponse.
ThehazardidentificationandriskassessmenttoolsandproceduresoutlinedbelowprovideguidancetoassisttheIMTandin-fieldresponderstominimisethehealthandsafetyriskstoallpersonnelinvolvedinrespondingtoamarineoilspill.
Theproceduresandtoolsprovidedwillallowfortheidentificationofhazardsandassociatedrisks,andifusedcorrectly,ensurethatcorrectiveorpreventativeactionsaretakentoreducetherisksassociatedwithrespondingtoamarineoilspillto‘AsLowAsReasonablyPracticable’(ALARP).
Theobjectivesofthehazardidentificationandriskassessmentproceduresoutlinedinclude:
1. Ensurecompliancewithrelevantworkplacehealthandsafetylegislation.
I. Outlinethelegislativerequirements,
II. DefineworkplacehealthandsafetyintermsofProcessandPersonalSafety,and
III. Outlinewelfareconsiderationsforresponders
2. OutlinetheRiskManagementProcess,whichincludesto:
I. IdentifytheHazard
II. AssesstheRisk
III. ApplyHazardControls
IV. AcceptorReject
V. MonitorandReview
3. Definetheuseofthetoolsandprocessesproposed.Theseinclude:
I. HierarchyofHazardControl
II. Hazard Register
III. SafetyPlanChecklist
IV. SiteEvaluationForm
V. SiteSafetyBriefingTemplate
VI. StandardOperatingProcedures
VII.JobSafetyAnalysis
VIII.TakeFive
IX. SafetyReportForm
X. PPERegister
Page4of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
1.1 Mandatory Workplace Health and Safety Requirements
1.1.1 Legislative ArrangementsInAustralia,employersandemployeesmustmeetobligationsoutlinedwithintheactsandregulationsrelevant to each state or territory.Safe Work Australia and their jurisdictional counter parts have aresponsibilitytoenforcethelegislationgoverningtheselaws.
Intheeventofamajormarineoilspillresponse,respondersareinvolvedatalllevels:fromtheloading,transportation,anddeliveryofequipmentfromoilspillresponseequipmentstockpilesthroughoutAustralia,to deploymentsandoperations inmultiple locationsandenvironments.The term ‘responder’ includesanyonetakingpartintheresponseinanycapacity,asprofessionalspillresponsepersonnel,governmentemployees,contractors,sub-contractors,labourhireworkers,andvolunteers.Oilspillresponseactivitiesincludethepotentialforexposuretohydrocarbonsandchemicaldispersantduringclean-upoperationsandresponders,aswellastheiremployers,haveadutyofcaretoensurethatallreasonableandpracticalstepsaretakentoprotectthehealthandsafetyofresponsepersonnelandthegeneralpublic.
Arangeoflegalrequirementsmustbemet,including(Commonwealth):
Safetyrelated:• Work Health and Safety Act 2011• Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011
Environment/PetroleumActivityrelated:• Offshore Petroleum Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006,and• Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
Shipsandaircraftrelated:• Australian Maritime Safety Authority Act 1990 and• Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Act 1983• Civil Aviation Act 1988.
Similarlegislativeinstrumentsexistwithineachjurisdiction.
Inrecognisingtheselegislativemandates,responseoperationsmustbeundertakensafely,consistentwiththerelevantcodesofpractice,compliancecodesandAS/NZstandardsapplicabletoeachstateorterritory.
IntheabsenceofAS/NZstandards,orwheretheoutcomeisthesameorgreater,internationalprocessesorpracticesmaybeapplied.Examplesofthisinclude:
• ThemandatoryuseofSafeWorkStatements,alsoknownasJobSafetyAnalyses(JSAs)andStandardOperatingProcedures(SOPs)foralloperations.
• Activitiesmustberiskassessedbeforeimplementation,withappropriatelycompetentpersonnelundertakingalloperations.
• Vesselsandaircraftmustbecorrectlyregisteredandfitforpurpose.Auditable,safeworksystemsconsistentwiththeirregistrationrequirementsmustbeinplace.Otherancillarycertificationandassurance(suchasforliftingequipment,hydrauliclinesorengines)mustbepartofthisregistration.
1.1.2 Workplace Health and Safety Workplacehealthandsafetyincludestherequirementofemployerstoprovide:• Safeworkpremises,• Safemachineryandmaterials,• Safesystemsofwork,• Information,instruction,trainingandsupervision,• Asuitableworkingenvironment,and• ProvisionofsuitablePPEwherehazardscannotbeotherwisebereducedtoALARP
Page5of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Process Safetyincludesthephysicalandproceduralelementsprovidedtomanagethesafecompletionoftasksduringaspillresponse.Processsafetyelementsinclude:• Specialistequipment• Operating procedures• Safeoperatinglimits(Temperature,exposurelimits)• Oilspillresponsetraining• Management systems
ProcessSafetyistheapplicationofthesephysicalandproceduralbarrierstoreducethelikelihoodofanegativepersonalsafetyoutcome.ForanexampleofProcessSafetyseeAppendix5.1.Organisationsprovidingpersonnelforoilspillresponseoperationsmustensurethatthoseengagedtooperateplantandequipmentarequalifiedand/orcompetenttodoso.
Personal Safety refers to the actions and behaviours of personnel in theworkplace. Protection ofpersonnelfrominjuryorharmrequiresmanagementoftheworkplacetoensuretheabsenceofphysicalharmorthreatofphysicalharm,andfreedomfromhostility,aggression,andharassment.Toolsavailabletoassistwithmanagementofbehavioursinclude:• Safetybriefings• Pre-start meetings• JSA• SafetyReportForms• PPE
Personalsafetyisgovernedbyworkforcebehaviourandoutcomesfromunsafebehaviourscanleadtonegativepersonalsafetyoutcomes,orpotentiallythedamageofassetsand/ortheenvironment.
1.1.3 Responder welfareSafetyofresponsepersonnelandthegeneralpublicisthehighestprioritywithinanyoilspillresponse.Allresponsepersonnelmustunderstandthattheirsafety,thesafetyofotherrespondersandthatofthecommunityisparamount.Consequently,allpersonnelengagedinoilspillresponseactivitiesmustbeinformedoftherisksintheirareaofactivityandhowtoperformtaskssafely.Developmentofadetailedresponse Safety Plan, incorporating the use of theRiskManagement Process and using the toolsprovided,willensure thatan IncidentManagementTeambestmanageworkplacehealthandsafetywithinanoilspillresponse.
ResponderwelfareistheprimaryfocusoftheRiskManagementProcessandatitsconclusionPPEwillonlyberecommendedasafinalcontrolmeasuretominimisepotentialharmtoresponders.RespondersmayfaceawiderangeofweatherconditionsandsituationswithinAustraliaandtheRiskManagementProcessmustaddressthefollowing:
• Environmental:istheareasafeforresponderstoenter,andtousenonintrinsicallysafeequipment?
• Environmental:arerespondersprotectedfromextremesofheatandcold,sun,wind,andrain?
• Acclimatisation:importantforrespondersfromfarnorthernorfarsouthernregionsofAustraliawhenrespondinginunfamiliarextremesoftemperature(Heatorcold).
• Communications:suitableequipmentforremoteregionsisvitaltorespondersafetyinremoteregionsofAustralia.
Controlmeasuresrequiredtoensurethesafetyofallpersonnelduringamarineoilspillresponse,aswellasanyspecialistequipmentorclothing,shouldbeidentifiedduringtheriskassessmentprocesscarriedoutpriortorespondersbeingsentintothefieldofoperations.Continuousmonitoringoftheoperatingenvironment,andtheeffectivenessofriskbarriersandcontrolsarecriticaltoensuringthroughouttheentire operation.
Page6of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
1.2 Risk Management ProcessTheRiskManagementProcessisapplicabletoalllevelsofoilspillresponse.TheIMTconducthighlevelriskassessment,whileForwardOperatingBase(FOB)personnelandrespondersinthefieldwillapplyasimilarprocesstooperationsatalocallevel.Acomprehensivehazardanalysisandriskassessmentwillidentifyandoutlinetherequirementsofpersonalandprocesssafetynecessaryforimplementationprior to any activity.
Whenahazardhasbeenidentifiedandtheriskdetermined,hazardcontrolmeasuresareconsideredbeforethenre-assessingtherisk.Ifhazardcontrolmeasuresreducetheoriginalrisktoanacceptablelevel(ALARP)thenworkmayproceed.IndividualstepsoftheRiskManagementProcessareshowninFigure1.
RiskManagementToolsareprovided toassist trainedpersonnel to identify,document,assess,andmanageriskastheyprogressthroughtheRiskManagementProcess.Theseinclude:
Table 1.1: Risk Management Tools
Tool Definition Details
HierarchyofHazardControl
Asystemofprioritisingcontrolmeasurestoensurethatthemosteffectivecontrolsareappliedfirst.Usedwithin“ApplyHazardControls”duringtheRiskManagementProcess.
Sect 1.2.3
SafetyPlan Theoverallwrittenplanidentifyingthescopeofactivitiesandlocations,safetypriorities,healthmonitoringactivities,fielddocumentationtobeusedbyresponders,communicationdetails,andotherrelevantsafetyrelatedinformation.
Appendix5.5
SiteSafetyEvaluationForm Formusedtoidentifyanddocumentallpotentialhazardsparticulartoalocation.Usedonarrivalatanyneworunfamiliarresponselocation.
Appendix5.6
SiteSafetyBriefingTemplate
Formusedtoassistasitemanagerorteamleaderdeliverabriefingtopersonnel.ShouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththeSiteSafetyEvaluationFormtodeliveraSMEACSbasedbriefuponarrivalatanyneworunfamiliarresponselocation.
Appendix5.7
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Areferencedocumentoutliningthespecificstepsinvolvedinsafelycompletingaparticularroutineactivityorfortheuseofaspecificitemofequipment.AnSOPcanbeusedasarefresherforpersonnelpreviouslyfamiliarwiththetask,oritcanbeusedinconjunctionwithaJobSafetyAnalysistotrainnewpersonneloncorrectproceduresforconductingaspecificactivityoroperatinganitemofequipmentthatisnewtothem.AnSOPcanbeorformpartofa‘SafeWorkStatement’.
Appendix5.8
JobSafetyAnalysis(JSA) Astandardisedformusedtoassistwithjobhazardidentificationandtheimplementationofriskcontrolmeasures.Conductedwithallpersonnelinvolvedintheactivitypriortocarryingoutaneworunfamiliaractivity,orwhentherearechangestoaStandardOperatingProcedure.AJSAcanbeorformpartofa‘SafeWorkStatement’.
Sect2.5
exampleAppendix5.9
TakeFive Afivestepproceduretodynamicallyassessrisk(dealingwithriskasitpresentsitself).Usedbyin-fieldresponsepersonnelatanytimewhentheappropriateconditionsaremet.
Sect2.6
SafetyReportForm AstandardisedsafetyrelatedfeedbackformusedforthenotificationanddocumentationofIncidents,NearMisses,Hazards,Drills,Initiatives,andObservations.UsedbyfieldpersonneltodocumentandrelaysafetyeventsandinformationbacktotheIMT,andforIMTsafetypersonneltorecordandfollowuponrelevantaspectsofthereport.
Appendix5.10
PPERegister AllowstrackingofthePPEissuedtoindividuals,vessels,and/orstorageandsupplylocations.Itfurtherallowscosttrackingandtheabilitytomonitoravailabilityorusageinspecificareasofaspill.
Sect2.7
Page7of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
TheRiskManagementProcessitselffitsintotheoverallincidentSafetyPlan,whichisintegraltotheoverallIAP.
Figure 1: The Risk Management Process
Risk Management
Process Safety Plan Incident
Ac8on Plan
1. Iden8fy thehazard
2. Assess the risk
3. Applyhazardcontrols
4. Accept orreject
residual risk
5. Monitor &review
1.2.1 Step One: Identify the hazardTheinitialstep intheRiskManagementProcess isto identifyhazards, includinganythingthatcouldcauseharmordamagetopersonnel,property,theenvironment,orreputation.Howeverthefocusofthispaperisparticulartothehealthandsafetyofoilspillresponsepersonnel.
Oil spill respondersaregenerally providedbyboth industryandgovernment and includepersonnelwithwidelyvaryinglevelsofpracticalexperienceandknowledge.Minimumstandardlevelsoftrainingensure that responders are equipped to identify hazards prior to and during a response, using thetoolsandprocessesincludedinthisdocument.TrainingthatmeetsthisminimumneedisdemonstratedinAppendix5.2.Personnel respondingthatcomefrombackgroundswheresuchtraininghasnotbeavailable(e.g.volunteers)musteitherbetrainedpriortoparticipationoroperateunderstrictsupervision.
Page8of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
OilSpillRespondersfacehazardsthatcanbeattributedtoanumberofspecificareas:
• WorkingintheEnvironment• VehiclesandMovements• VesselOperations• Aircraft Operations• DeployingandOperatingEquipment• ContactwithOilandResponseChemicals• Wildlife• ExternalFactors(suchasweatherandsea-state)
AHazardRegister (Example:Appendix 5.3) isa list ofall potential hazards related toa locationordeploymentarea,includingtheuseofspecificequipmentorrelatedtospecifictasks.
Responders must develop a hazard register specific to the operation and the geographic area.
1.2.2 Step Two: Assess the riskAtwodimensionalRiskMatrix(Table2)adaptedfromISO31000:2009providesasystematicapproachtoriskassessment.
RISK = LIKELIHOOD x CONSEQUENCE
• Likelihoodisthefrequencyorprobabilitythataneventwilloccur.• Consequenceswillvarywithrespecttotheindividualspill,company,orlocationandmustnotbe
limitedtothepersonalinjuryriskassociatedonlywithresponders.
AsinTable1-2below,bothfactorscanbeattributedanumericvaluetoprovideaquantitativeanalysisofrisk.
A complete risk assessment will involve listing all potential hazards related to the location, item ofequipment,andactivity,andassessingtheriskbeforeandaftertheapplicationofhazardcontrols.
For each hazard identified in the hazard assessment, responders must assess the level of risk for that hazard.
Table 1-2: Risk Matrix(Adapted from ISO 31000:2009)
RISK MATRIX
E = Extreme Risk. Detailed action plan required to manage risk before progressing CONSEQUENCE
H = High Risk. Needs immediate senior management attention
Peo
ple
Injuries or ailments not requiring medical treatment
Minor injuries or First Aid treatment
Serious injury causing hospitalisation or multiple medical treatment cases
Life threatening injury or multiple serious injuries causing hospitalisation
Death or multiple life threatening injuries M = Medium Risk. Specify management
responsibility L = Low Risk. Manage through routine
procedures Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
LIK
ELI
HO
OD
Probability Historical 1 2 3 4 5
> 1 in 10 Expected to occur in most circumstances
Almost Certain 5 M H H E E
1 in 10 – 100
Will probably occur Likely 4 M M H H E
1 in 100 – 1,000
Might occur at some time in the future
Possible 3 L M M H E
1 in 1000 – 10,000
Could occur but doubtful Unlikely 2 L M M H H
1 in 10,000 – 100,000
May occur but only in exceptional circumstance
Rare 1 L L M M H
Page9of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
1.2.3 Step Three: Apply hazard controlsHazardcontrolsincludeanythingthatreducestheassociatedriskforaparticularhazard.Toprovideasystematicapproachtothisprocess,hazardcontrolmeasuresareappliedusingtheHierarchyofHazardControl.Hierarchy of Hazard Control is awidely accepted system applied tominimise or eliminateexposuretohazardsbyassistingintheprioritisationofhazardcontrolmeasures,helpingtoensurethatthemosteffectivehazardcontrolisapplied.
Figure 2: Hierarchy of Hazard Control (From NIOSH)
AsperFigure2above,inorderofmosteffectivetoleasteffectivemeansofreducingrisk:
1) Elimination:physicallyremovethehazardorchangethelocationorconditionsofthetasktoremovethehazard(Liftaskimmeroutofthewatertoremovedebris,ratherthanoperatewithpersonnelhangingoverthesideofavesseltoremove)
2) Substitution:replacesomethingthatproducesahazardwithanitemthatdoesnot(Weldboomreelstothedeckofavesselratherthanusechains)
3) Engineering controls:Usemachineryorotheritemstoisolatepeoplefromthehazard(Useremotelycontrolledequipment,usemechanicalliftinggearratherthanmanualhandling)
4) Administrative controls:ThesecantaketheformofbothProcessSafety(SOPs)andPersonalSafety(In-fieldsafetybriefings,JSA)tohighlighthazardsandlimitexposure
5) Personal Protective Equipment:Thefinalbarriertorisk,usedonlywhenallotherreasonableandpracticaloptionshavebeenconsidered.SomePPEmayaddtothephysiologicaleffortrequiredtocompleteatask(e.g.theuseofTyvekcoverallsinhot,humidconditions).
Theriskmanagementprocessandsubsequentdecisionsonwhichhazardcontrolsareapplicableandmosteffectiveshouldbeginpriortoanyworkbeingcarriedoutandbeforepersonnelarrivetorespondatanewlocation.
The application of Hierarchy of Hazard Control must be specific to each hazard to reduce the level of risk to As Low As Reasonably Practicable.
Process Safety
Personal Safety
Page10of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
1.2.4 Step Four: Accept or reject residual risk Oncetheriskmitigationhasbeenapplied,adecisionmustbemadeastowhetherthereducedlevelofriskisacceptableornot.Ifahazardpresentsanunacceptablyhighlevelofriskevenafterallreasonableandpracticaleffortshavebeenputinplace,thentheactivitymustnotbecarriedout.Newoptionsorcontrolsshouldbeexploredtoevaluateiftheactivitycanbedone,thatcarryanacceptablelevelofrisk.
Theremaybesomeactivitiesthatregardlessofthecontrolmeasureappliedwillstillcarryahighlevelofrisk.Fortheseactivitiesmanagementwillneedtodecidetorejectoraccepttheresidualrisk.Theseactivitiesmayincludethefollowing:
• Aviationactivities;especiallythoseoffshoreand/orthosethatinvolvesingleengineaircraft.• Marineoperations;especiallythoseinhigh-energyenvironmentsandwithinexperiencedmariners.• Remoteoperations,suchasshorelinesurveysawayfrompopulationcenters,requiringremote
communications(EG–GreatAustralianBight,EastGippsland,NW–Shelf)and/orinextremeweatherenvironments.
After the control for each hazard has been identified, that hazard must be re-assessed to determine whether the residual risk is now at an acceptable level.
1.2.5 Step Five: Monitor and review Safetyisanongoingprocess.Astheoperationschangewithnewormodifiedelementsintroducedtoanexistingactivity,thehazardmaychange.Conditionscanchange,whichmayincreaseordecreaselikelihood,orchangetheconsequences. Thecontrols thathavebeenput inplace tomanage initialhazardsmaybecomelesseffectiveornoteffectiveatall.Giventhedynamicnatureofoilspillresponse,safetyandtheriskmanagementprocessmustincludeongoingmonitoringandreviewtoensurethatrisksareappropriatelymanagedtoALARP.
Therearetwowaysforthistooccur–standardised operations reporting,andby-exception reporting.
Standardised operations reporting is part of the daily operations process. At the end of eachoperationalcycleorworkdayade-briefwillbeheld intheIMT.This isto includefieldreportswhichincludeasummaryofthesafetyandriskmanagementprocess,andinparticularanoverviewofwhathazardswerepresent,andhowtheseweremanaged.
Tactical,teambaseddebriefsshouldfeedintothislargerIMTdebrieftoallowforcontinuousimprovementtotheSafetyPlan.
By-exception reportingareitemsraisedbyrespondersinspecificcircumstancesandrequiretheuseoftheSafetyReportForm(Appendix5.10).
By-exceptionreportingistoinclude:
• Incidentreporting(whenaninjury/deathoccurs)
• Near-miss(whenanactivityoccurredthatcouldhaveresultedininjury/death)
• Hazardreporting(identificationofanewhazardnotpreviouslyconsidered)
• Safetyinitiative(respondersproactivelynotingimprovementsthatcanbemadetopersonnelorprocesssafety–hazardscontrolimprovements)
By-exception reportingmust be collatedandprocessedby the IMTeachday.SafetyReports allowincidentstobecommunicatedtoallpersonnel,highlightingthepotentialforsimilarincidentsacrosstheresponseandpotentiallyreducingthelikelihoodofanotheroccurrence.ThisstepmustbeincludedintheSafetyPlanbytheIMT(Section 2.1).
Page 11 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
2. APPLICATION OF RISK MANAGEMENTTheRiskManagementProcessisincorporatedintoanoverallSafetyPlanfortheresponse.TheSafetyPlanisanintegralpartoftheIncidentActionPlanandkeytoensuringthehealthandsafetyofalloilspillresponsepersonnel.ThekeytoasaferesponseisthoroughapplicationoftheRiskManagementProcessandtranslatingtheoutcomesintodocumentedactionattheoperationalandtacticallevelsasapartoftheoverallSafetyPlan.
RiskManagement
Process
IncidentActionPlan
SafetyPlan
2.1 The Safety PlanSafetyofallpersonnelisparamountinanyresponse.IntegraltotheIAP,theIMTmustbegindevelopmentoftheSafetyPlanattheoutsetofaresponse.Alevelofdetailappropriatetothesizeoftheresponseandcontinuousinteraction/feedbackonsafetyrelatedissuesbetweentheIMTandin-fieldpersonnelwillensurethecontinuedeffectivenessoftheSafetyPlan.ThegeneralobjectivesoftheSafetyPlaninclude:• Todevelopasafeworkingenvironmentandculturewithintheresponse.• Zerosafetyincidentsduringtheresponse.• Assignmentofrolesandresponsibilitiesfortheimplementationofsafetyprocessandproceduresat
alllocations.• Identifycurrentandpotentialsafetyissues.• Establishandensurethatsafeworkpracticesandproceduresarefollowed.• Establishnearmiss/incidentreportingandmitigationprocess.• Ensurethatonlyadequatelytrainedandcompetentpersonnelparticipateinresponseoperations.• EstablishaclearPPEpolicywhichensuresthatappropriatePPE,specifictoeachtask,iscorrectly
applied,maintained,anddisposedof.• EstablishedlinesofcommunicationbetweenIMT,FOB,andin-fieldoperations.• ContinuousintegrationofthesafetymessageswithintheIAPandcommunicatedthrough
inductionsandwritten/verbalbriefingstooperationalpersonnel.Safety personnel representation will be required within the IMT, at each FOB established, and atpotentiallymultiplelocationsinthefieldofoperations.UsedinconjunctionwiththegeneralobjectivesofasafetyplanandtheSafetyPlanCoreDocumentation,theSafetyPlanChecklist(Appendix5.4)willassistinestablishingacomprehensiveSafetyPlan(TemplateexampleincludedinAppendix5.5).
Figure 3: Safety Plan Core Documents (Recommended)
Safety Plan core documents
Operationalteamsafetybriefing/instructions
Incident Reports
Log of actions
Riskassessment
Hazard Register
Scope of activities
Fromrisk management process
Page 12 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
2.2 Incident Management Team (IMT)AsaresponsedevelopsandtheIMTisformed,theRiskManagementProcessistobeinitiatedasacriticalcomponentoftheIAPandaninitialstepinthecreationoftheSafetyPlan.AwelldesignedIAPwillnotonlyincludetheaim,objectives,tacticsandresourcesrequiredforthespill,butalsotheriskstothehealthandsafetyofresponders,andtheactionstominimisethoserisks.ThiselementoftheIAPistheResponseSafetyPlan.AMedicalPlanshouldalsobeincludedtakingintoaccountanyadditionalworkplacehealthandsafetyissues.
The IMTbegins theRiskManagementProcess before responders are assigned tasks or sent to alocation.Workplace hazards and hazards specific to the region of response can be identified, andsuitable hazard controls assessed as appropriate, and made available/implemented (Equipment,documentation,andPPE).TheFiveStepRiskManagementProcessdiscussedpreviously formsanintegralpartoftheprocessofdeveloping,implementing,reviewingandrevisingaresponseSafetyPlan.
2.3 In-fieldRespondersResponders in thefieldhavea responsibility for theirownsafetyand thesafetyof their coworkers.Theyareresponsibleforcontinuingtheriskmanagementprocessandusingthetoolsprovidedattheappropriatetime.SiteSafetyRepresentatives,SiteManagers,orteamleaders,asdesignatedbytheIMTpriortodeployment,must:• ConductaSiteSafetyEvaluation(Appendix 5.6)uponarrivalateachnewsite,• ConductaSiteSafetyBriefing(Appendix 5.7)forallpersonnelpriortobeginninganyworkonsite,• Revieworconductindividualactivityevaluationswiththepersonnelinvolvedpriortobeginning
assignedtasks: – StandardOperatingProcedures(SOP)[Refer to Section 2.4] – JobSafetyAnalysis(JSA)[Refer to Section 2.5]Allpersonnelinvolvedintheresponsearealsorequiredto:• ApplyTakeFive[Refer to 2.6] • Communicateissues,report‘by-exceptionissues’oradditionalsafetyrequirementsbacktothe
(IMT)throughtheSiteManagerorSiteSafetyRepresentative.
2.4 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)ASOPisastepbystepsetofinstructionsdesignedtoensurethatroutinetasksarecarriedoutefficiently,safely,andinauniformmanner.Theyareusedbyresponderstoconsistentlyoperateequipment,orundertakemanualprocesses.
Thesemayincludematerialsuchasthemanufacturersoperatingmanualforaspecificitemofequipment,orpurposewrittendocumentsforcompletionofataskaccordingtobusinessorindustryrequirements.
NewpersonnelunfamiliarwiththeSOP,operationofaparticularitemofequipment,thetaskathand,orinanunfamiliarlocation,mustcompleteaJSApriortobeginningatask.AlloilspillresponseequipmentshouldhaveanaccompanyingSOPtoassistwithsafeoperations.
2.5 Job Safety Analysis (JSA)AJSA(Example: Appendix 5.9)isatoolthatrespondersaretousetoconsiderthemostappropriatemethodforsafecompletionoftasksin-field.Respondersconductasurveyofallthepotentialhazardsassociated with the task (Job HazardAnalysis), and then conduct an onsite risk assessment. ThecompletedJSAincludesthecontrolsintroducedtominimisetheidentifiedrisks.
JHA + RA = JSA[Job Hazard Analysis + Risk Assessment = Job Safety Analysis]
Page 13 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
ConductingaJSAdoesnotoffercompleteprotectiontopersonnelbutitisdesignedtoraiseawarenessofthehazardsinvolvedincompletinganon-routinetask,ortohighlighthazardstopersonnelreturningtoanunfamiliaractivity.AJSAmustbecompletedforanyactivitynotcoveredbyStandardOperatingProcedures.TheJSAprocessmustbedocumented,andconsistsofthefollowingessentialsteps:
1)Documentthestepsortasksinvolvedintheactivity2)Documentrolesandresponsibilities3) Identifythehazards4)Documentthecontrolmeasures5) Identifywhoisresponsibleforimplementationofthecontrolmeasures6)Monitorandreview
TheJSA isawritten recordof theprocess required tosafelycompleteagiven task,and itmustbecompleted,agreedto,andsignedbyallpersonnelinvolvedintheactivity.
2.6 Take FiveRespondersinthefieldhaveahighpotentialtoencounterhazardsnotconsideredorapparentpriortobeginninganactivityortask.Thecontinuousprocessofidentifyinghazards,assessingrisk,andtakingstepstocontrol,eliminateorreduceriskwhilecarryingoutadefinedtaskisidentifiedasDynamicRiskAssessment.
AcommonlyadoptedDynamicRiskAssessmentprocedureistheTakeFive(Figure 5),whichcanbeconductedatanytime,duringanyoperation,andbecalledbyanymemberofateamwhen:
• Anewhazardpresentsitself• Clarificationisrequiredonanystepinaprocess• Newinformationneedstoberelayedtotheentireteam,or• Ateamleaderwantstoregrouporrefocustheeffortsofateamtosafelycompletethetask
TheTakeFiveprocessstepssummariseDynamicRiskAssessmentandallowworktoproceedsafely.TakeFivesarenotdocumentedbutareanimportantprocessthatsupportsthecontinueddevelopmentofSOPsandJSAs.IfaTakeFiveidentifiesasignificanthazardnotpreviouslyconsidered,orfollowstheidentificationofahazardduetoanearmissorobservation,aSafetyReportForm(Appendix 5.10) shouldbecompleted.
Figure 4: The Take Five Process
Page14of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
2.7 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) RegisterAregisterofPPEissuedinthefieldmustbemaintainedbysafetypersonnelordesignatedpersonnelwithintheIMTorin-field.Itshoulddocument:
• Nameofpersonissued• DetailsofPPEissued(Item/brand/model/application)• Dateofissue• Dateandreasonforreplacement
Anexchangesystemwhichrequiresresponderstohand inusedPPEbeforenewstocksare issuedshouldbeimplementedtoreduceandcontrolwaste.DuecaremustbetakentoensurethatoiledPPEisdisposedofindesignatedfacilities,withwastesegregationthatavoidssecondaryoilcontamination.
2.8 Ongoing welfare arrangements WithintheSafetyPlanthefollowingadditionalitemsspecificallyrelatedtothehealthandsafetyoffieldrespondersneedtobeconsideredbytheIMT.
2.8.1 AmenitiesProvisionofthefollowingamenitiesandfacilitiesiscriticalforthebasichealthandsafetyofrespondersandarrangementsmustbeputinplacebytheIMTtoensuretheyareavailable.
TheIMTistousethislistasanaidememoirwhenestablishingamenities,particularlyataremotefacility.
Drinkingwater–volumesappropriateforworkingconditions.Facilitiesforwaste/usedbottlesortheprovisionofreusablebottlesandappropriatewashingandrefillingfacilities.
Medicalsupportavailable.
Musterpoints,evacuationproceduresinplaceforemergencies.
Accessandegressfromresponselocationincludingdistancesandtransportconsidered.
Toilets–sufficientfornumbersofpeoplelikelytobeusingthefacilitiesduringshortrest/lunchbreaks.Closeenoughtoworkareasin‘coldzones’butalsoeasilyaccessiblebysewersucktrucksandservicerequirements.Odor/sounds/proximitytootherresponseareas.
Washingfacilities–volumesoffreshwatersufficientfornumberofresponders.Storageofgreywater.
Messareas/facilities–numbersofrespondersusingfacilityatanyonetime.HVACifenclosed,naturalairflow/heatifopenandexposed.Protectionfrompests.
Shelter–asabove.
Seating–sufficientfornumberslikelytouseatanyonetime.Proximitytoresponseareas.
Changerooms–aspermessareas.Securityandprotectionfromthieves.Appropriatesizeandproximitytooperationalareas.
Smokingareas–proximitytooperationalareasforaccess.Waste.Avoidanceofsecondhandsmokebeinganissueorneareatingareas.
Overnightaccommodation/lodgings–comfortandcleanlinessofbeds/bedding.Laundryservices.ICTandabilitytocontacthome/work.HVACofenclosedarea,naturalairflow/heatifopenandexposed.Protectionfrompests.Securityofpersonalbelongings.Opportunityfor‘downtime’andafterhoursrecreationalactivities(E.g.pools,gym,etc).Choicesofcatering/messingarrangements.
Forremoteoperations,logisticssupplyoftheneedsabovecanbeverychallenging.Longerresttimes/shorterworkperiods,higherthan‘normal’rotationsofrespondersmayassisttoalleviatethenumbersandrequirementsforextensiveremotefacilities.
Page15of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
2.8.2 Fitness for task of responders In order to meet the minimum level of competency expected to operate as an oil spill responder,responsepersonnelmusthavecompletedsuitableoilspillresponsetraining(Appendix 5.2),andmustbephysicallyandmentallysuitableforthespecifictasksrequiredofthemthroughouttheresponse.
Responders must:• Beingoodoverallhealthandphysicallyfit,assessedbytheiremployingorganisationasbeing
suitableand‘fit-for-purpose’fortheirassignedoperationaltasking.Thisincludesbutisnotlimitedto:– Operationsstaffworkingonashorelineorconductingoiledwildliferesponsemustbecapableof
working6–8hourshiftsintheoutdoors,ontheirfeet,wearingankletowristcovering,undertakinglight/mediumphysicallabor,foruptosevendays.
– RespondersundertakingaerialobservationtasksmustbehavecompletedHelicopterUnderwaterEscapeTraining(HUET)eitherindependentlyorasapartoftheBasicOffshoreSafetyInduction&EmergencyTraining(BOSIET).
– IMTworkersundertakingpredominantly‘officetypeduties’mustbecapableofworkingindoorsfortenhourshiftsatatime,withinahighpressureenvironment.
• Carrynophysicalimpairmentsordisabilitieswhichmayresultinthemplacingthemselves,ortheirteamatriskofharm.
• Havegoodhearingandvision,andagoodworkingknowledgeofwrittenandspokenEnglish.• Declarethattheycarrynopre-existingconditionsthatmaybeaggravated/exacerbatedbythetask
beingaskedofthem.• Declareanymedicationthatiscurrentlybeingtakenthatmayimpactupontheirperformance,
awareness or state of mind.
Prior to deployment,andasspecificallyconsideredwithintheIMT’sSafetyPlan,ahealthassessmentdeclarationmustbemadetoensurethatrespondersmeettheaboverequirements.Thisistoincludeaself-assessmentbytheresponderandthattheiremployingorganisationendorsesthisassessment.Providingorganisationshavearoletoplaywithinthisprocessbyensuringthatpersonnelprovidedarefitfordutyandforthetaskassigned.
Wherepre-existingmedicalconditionsexist,orwherearesponderiscarryinganinjury,medicaladvicemustbesoughtandcertificationprovidedoutliningwhattasksthatresponderisfitfordutyfor.Wherepossible,assignedtaskscanbemodifiedaccordinglyorpersonnelreassignedbasedonallowancesfortheirmedicalcondition.
Personalmedicalinformationisconfidential,andmustbesecurelykeptbytherecordsunitoftheIMTand/orbytheprovidingorganisation.
2.8.3 First aid requirementsFirst aid treatment, facilities and staffingwill always be identified as one of the Hazard Controlmeasuresmadeavailableduringanoilspillresponse.Theonlyvariationtothisisthatthescaleandsizeofthefirstaidcapabilityneedstobeadjustedbasedonthesizeoftheresponse.
Whenworking through the implementationoffirstaidasahazardcontrol in thefield, the IMTmustconsiderthat:• Fitforpurposeequipmentisprovidedandthateachworkerhasaccesstosuitablefirstaidkits– E.g.InAustraliaduringspringandsummermonths,shorelineteamsmusthaveaccesstofirstaid
snakebitekits.• Facilitiesfortheadministrationoffirstaidaresuitableandaccessible.– E.g.Firstaidstationsarecollocatedwithotherresponsefacilitiessuchasmessroomsorreststations.• Respondershaveaccesstoanadequatenumberofotherpersonnelwhoaresuitablytrainedto
administerfirstaid– E.g.Eachresponderteamhasatleasttwocurrent,firstaidtrainedteammemberscapableof
administeringcareofanappropriatelevelandinatimelyfashion,whileback-uphelpisonitsway.
Page16of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
In-fieldfirstaidrequirementswillvary,andrequirementsaretobeconsideredandaddressedduringtheriskassessment.FactorsthattheIMTmustconsiderwhenscalingupordownthefirstaidcapacitymustbeaddressedduringtheRiskManagementProcessandinclude:• Natureofhazardsexpected• Natureoftheworkbeingcarriedout• Thesize,locationandnatureoftheworkenvironment• Thetimeofyear• ThenumberofrespondersShouldaresponderencounteranyincidentduringtheresponse,arecordmustbecreatedusingtheSafetyReportFormandmaintainedbytheIMT.Detailsmustinclude:• Informationonthehazardsource,typeandduration,• Firstaidorothermedicalactivitieswereadministeredtotheresponder,• Ifpossiblea‘response’returntoworkprogram,and• A‘businessasusual’returntoworkprogram.
2.8.4 Responder Health and Safety Monitoring Operational responders are likely to come into closeproximity to hydrocarbonsand for large spills,possiblychemicaldispersantsorothercleaningagents.Partofaresponsesafetyplanistoensurethatanyexposurelevelsofresponderstohydrocarbonsordispersantsaretracked;changesinindividualsnotedandthenpostimpactmonitoringofexposedindividualscontinued.
Aspartofthedailyoperational and by-exception reportingbacktotheIMT,recordsaretobekeptofresponderstasksandthelikelyexposuresrespondershavehadtoproductsandchemicalsduringthesetasks.Aspartoftheirdailytimesheetreporting,respondersmustnotetheirareaofoperationstoallowthisreconciliationtooccurwithintheFinance&AdministrationSectionoftheIMT.
Responderhealthandsafetymonitoringwill includepre-impact,duringresponse,andpostresponseblood,hairandurinesampling.Thisshouldbeimplementedaspartofthesafetyplanandshouldalsoincludesimilartestingoftheproductsthatrespondersarepotentiallyexposedto.Thisbiologicalandproductsamplingprogramisthesubjectofaseparatepaper.
2.8.5 DecontaminationDecontaminationofrespondersisacriticalpartofensuring(i)thatoilsdonothavealastingeffectonthehealthofaresponderand(ii)thatsecondarydecontaminationofpeople,sitesandequipmentdoesnot occur.
Thestartingpointofdecontamination isgoodworkpractices.Thismeansminimisinga responder’sexposuretooils,andtheiropportunitytophysicallycomeintocontactwithoils.
A barrier must always existbetweenaresponderandtheoil.Thisiscriticalduringmanuallaborworkthatinvolvesdeployingequipment,onshorelinesorthedisposalofwaste.Workgloves,faceshields/masks/eyewear,wristtoankleworkwearandoilresistantworkboots/gumbootsarethefinalandcriticalprotectivebarrierinthisinstance.
Hot, warm and cold zonesInaresponse,worksitesareclassifiedintooneofthreeareas;• “Hot”zonesareworksitesthatare“oiled”.• “Warm”zonesaretransitionareaswherepeople,equipmentandplantarecleanedand
decontaminatedastheydepartthe“Hot”zoneandtransitiontothe“Cold”zone.• “Cold”zonesarecleanareaswithnooiling.Asrespondersfinishtheirtasksinthehotzone,theymovethroughthewarmzonetobecomecleanbeforeexitingintothecoldzone.Thedecontaminationprocessisundertakeneachtimeapersonoritemofequipmentistransitionedfromthehotzonetopreventsecondarycontaminationofthecoldzone.
Page17of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Decontamination requirements Thedecontaminationstationmustallowforresponders,theirequipmentandclothingtobethoroughlycleanedpriortoenteringthecoldzone.Irrespectiveofthesizeofthespill,decontaminationstationswillneedtobeestablishedwithinthewarmzone(s).
Thismaybeassimpleasahandbasin,bootwashingareaandoiled/non-oiledPPEbins.Or,itmaybeamulti-stepwashdownstationwithdelugesystem,heatedpressuredspraysystem,withlargescalegrey/oiledwatertanks.Thesizewillneedtobevariedtofitthespillresponse,andthestagethatthespillresponseisat.
Indeterminingthedecontaminationneed,theIMTwillneedtoidentify:• Howmanyrespondersperdaywillneedtousethedecontaminationstation?• Whatwilltheirdegreeofoilingbe–light,mediumorheavy?• Perperson,whatwilltheaveragelitersofwaterrequiredbeper‘decontamination’?Whatisthe
bulkvolumeofwaterrequired?• Howwillcleanandgrey/oiledwaterbestored?Howwillitbedisposed?• WhatisthetotaldailyvolumeofoiledPPE/clothing?Howwillthisbestoredonsite?Howisthis
wastestreamtobedisposedof?• Wherewillthedecontaminationstationbelocated?
Oncethestationshavebeensetup,aprocessneedstobeestablishedwithineachstationtomanagethreesteps:
1. Bulkoilremoval• Includingtheremovalofoiledouterclothing/gloves;washingandscrubbingboots;
2. Fineoilremoval• Includinghand/face/nailwashingwithsoftsoap;showeringifneeded;
3. Finalcleanandinspection.
Separatewastestreamsmustbeestablishedconsistentwiththevolumes/numbersofpersonnelusingeachdecontaminationstation.
CommonequipmentforeachdecontaminationstationthattheIMTwillneedtoconsiderincludes:• Watersupply• Scrubbingbrushes• Chairs• Bunting/barriertape• AdditionalPPE• Barriers• Detergent• HandWash• Tools• Tables• Sorbentmaterials• Tubs/buckets• Marqueeortents• Wastestorageanddisposal(Multiplestreams)• Bunding/heavydutytarpsforwashareas• Signage• Tent pegs• Rope• Electricalties• Tape
Page18of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
2.8.6 Air Monitoring and Exclusion ZonesTheneedforairmonitoringwillbeestablishedaspartoftheSafetyPlanand,ifrequired,willbepartoftheIAP.Assessingtheneedforairmonitoringwillbeidentifiedintheinitialriskassessmentinconjunctionwithforminganunderstandingofthenatureandconditionoftheproductrespondersareexpectedtodealwith.SpecificproductinformationwillbeobtainedfromSafetyDataSheets(SDS),assays,vesselrecords,oroilandgasindustrypersonnel.
Hydrocarbons, particularly freshly spilt oil, contain a number of components that can be hazardoustohumanhealth.Wherecomponentsofparticularconcern(Appendix 5.12)arenoted, the IMTmustensurethatspecialisedpersonnelarecalledintoassist.Guidanceonsafeworkinglimits,aneffectiveairmonitoringprogram,andtheestablishmentofexclusionzonestominimisetherisktorespondersofairbornesubstancesduringaresponsemustbesoughtfromaqualifiedoccupationalhygienistorairmonitoringconsultant.
AnypotentialneedforairmonitoringshouldprompttheIMTtoissuepersonalgasmonitorsorensurethatmoresophisticatedgastestingequipmentismadeavailable.Appropriatelytrainedpersonnelwhocandeployandoperatesuitableairmonitoringequipmentcanbeengagedthroughexperiencedpersonnelfromtheoilandgas industry, industrial/occupationalhygienists,or throughtheEPA(Table 2-2).Theenvironment inquestion shouldbeassessed,at theminimum, forhigh/low readingsof combustiblegases(%LEL),oxygen(O2),carbonmonoxide(CO),andhydrogensulphide(H2S).
Onceengaged,personnelresponsibleforthedesignandimplementationoftheplanmustreportsensorreadingsorfieldgasteststhatregisterabovesafelimitstotheIMT.Thisinformationalsoneedstoberelayedtoin-fieldresponderstodefineareastoavoidandtoestablishsafeoperationalworkingareas.
Respondersmust be directed to approach the spill fromdownwindwhere possible via shoreline oronboard vessels.Airmonitoring equipment should be used to establish safe perimeter prior to anyoperations.Personal4x4(%LEL,O2,CO,H2S)gasmonitorsshouldbeissuedtorespondersworkinginareasorsituationsthatmaybeatriskshouldenvironmental(Windchange)orotherconditions(Confinedspaceentry)resultinchangestotheairquality.
In conjunctionwith airmonitoring personnel the IMT should set exclusion zones around any areaswithhighreadingsandprohibitrespondersfromenteringthezone(s).Respondersarenotrequiredtocleanup/recoveroilfromanyareaswhichpresentanunacceptableriskfromairbornesubstances.Theuseofintrinsicallysafeequipmentshouldnotbenecessarygiventhatiftheairqualityissufficientlypoorthenpersonnelwillnotbeexpectedtorespond.
Table 2-1: Air monitoring contacts
Service Provider Contact
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency EPA
IndustrialHygienist Localhealthandsafetyproviders
IndustryPersonnel O&GSafetyRepresentatives
EmergencyResponsePersonnel FireServices
OilSpillResponseAgencies AMOSC
Page19of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
3. PPE REQUIREMENTS FOR OIL SPILL RESPONDERS
AnoilspillrespondershouldinitiallyarriveforaresponseequippedwiththefollowingminimumstandardlevelofPPE:
Table 3-1: Minimum Standard PPE
Eyes SafetyGlasses(clearortinted)
Body Longsleeveshirtandlongpants,orcoveralls
HandWorkgloves• Riggers• Nitrile
Feet Enclosedfootwear
Theminimumstandardissuitableforgeneraloperationsonly.AsmitigationforspecifichazardsinoilspillresponseadditionalPPEwillberequiredandisdetailedinTable3-2.
IngeneralPPEshould:
• BethefinalbarrierconsideredonlyafterHierarchyofControlhasbeenappliedtoanyhazard• Bewellmaintainedandeasilyaccessible• Beappropriateforthetypeofworkandgiveappropriateprotectionfortherisk• Notcreateadditionalhealthorsafetyrisk• ComplywithrelevantAustralianStandards• BecompatiblewithotherPPEinuse• Fitproperly• Notinterferewithanymedicalconditionsoftheuser• Beeasytouse• Becomfortable
In the following PPESelectionMatrix theminimum recommended level of PPE is applicable to allactivities.ThematrixindicatesadditionalPPErequiredasaminimumrelativetospecificoilspillresponseactivities,andrecommendationsforfurtheradditionalPPEthatshouldbemadeavailableintheeventthatcircumstancesorconditionswarrantitsuse.
=MinimumStandardPPE,requiredasaminimumbyalloilspill respondersforgeneraloilspill responseactivities(SeeTable3-1:MinimumStandardPPE,above)
=AdditionalPPEforhazardspecificcontrol
=Recommendedormayberequired,dependingoncircumstance,asanadditionalhazardcontrol
Forcategories/activitieswithdifferentlikelihoodsofexposurebetweenhydrocarbonanddispersant,thehigherstandardofPPEisapplied.
Page20of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Tabl
e 3-
2: P
PE S
elec
tion
Mat
rix b
y R
espo
nse
Act
ivity
ActivityID
Category/H
azard
All
Eyes
Hea
dBody
Hands & Arms
Feet&Legs
Res
pira
tory
Other
StandardPPE
Goggles
Facemask/FaceShield
Sunhat
Hardhat
TyvekCoveralls
WetWeatherGear
ChemicalResistantGloves/Gauntlets
ChemicalResistant SafetyBoots
Steel-cappedPenetrationResistantSafetyBoots
Waders
HalfFaceAPR
FullFaceAPR
FullFaceSAR
SCBA
Hearing Protection
SunBlock
InsectRepellant
PFD
PersonalGasMonitor
FallArrest
1. W
orki
ng in
the
Envi
ronm
ent
1aCold(ReferA
ppen
dix 5
.11)
1bH
eat (
Ref
er A
ppen
dix 5
.13)
1cW
et
1dW
ind
1eLightning
1fSlips/Trips/Falls
1gNoise(R
eferA
ppen
dix 5
.14)
1hWorkingAtH
eight(ReferA
ppen
dix 5
.15)
1iManualH
andling(ReferA
ppen
dix 5
.16)
1jPinchPoints
1kSharps/D
ebris
1lFallingObjects/HeadImpact
1mNightOperations/LimitedVisibility
1nExcessiveHours/Fatigue
1oFlora/Fauna–TropicalN
orthernRegion
1pFlora/Fauna–SouthernCoast
Page 21 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026ActivityID
Category/H
azard
All
Eyes
Hea
dBody
Hands& Arms
Feet&Legs
Res
pira
tory
Other
StandardPPE
Goggles
Facemask/FaceShield
Sunhat
Hardhat
TyvekCoveralls
WetWeatherGear
ChemicalResistantGloves/Gauntlets
ChemicalResistantSafetyBoots
Steel-cappedPenetrationResistantSafetyBoots
Waders
HalfFaceAPR
FullFaceAPR
FullFaceSAR
SCBA
Hearing Protection
SunBlock
InsectRepellant
PFD
PersonalGasMonitor
FallArrest
2.VehiclesandMovem
ents
2aCraneOperations
2bForkliftO
perations
2cFasteningLoads
2dLiftingandManualH
andling
2eGeneralDriving
2fOffroad/UTV
Driving
2gDrivingoutsidenormalhours
2hP
edes
trian
Act
ivity
3.VesselO
perations
3aCollision/G
rounding
3bFire
3cPersonOverboard
3dVesseltoVesselTransfer
3e
StoredEnergy
• M
oorin
gs•Tow/AnchorLines
•HandingLinesbetweenvesselandshore
•TowingBoom
Page 22 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
ActivityID
Category/H
azard
All
Eyes
Hea
dBody
Hands & Arms
Feet&Legs
Res
pira
tory
Other
StandardPPE
Goggles
Facemask/FaceShield
Sunhat
Hardhat
TyvekCoveralls
WetWeatherGear
ChemicalResistantGloves/Gauntlets
ChemicalResistantSafetyBoots
Steel-cappedPenetrationResistantSafetyBoots
Waders
HalfFaceAPR
FullFaceAPR
FullFaceSAR
SCBA
Hearing Protection
SunBlock
InsectRepellant
PFD
PersonalGasMonitor
FallArrest
4.AircraftOperations
4aRotatingEquipment
4bHeat(Exhaust)
4cAirSickness
4dEmergencyLanding/C
rash
5.DeployingandOperatingEquipment
5a
Booms
•NearS
hore
•Offshore
StoredEnergy
•Ropes/Lines
•Boom
•AnchorP
oints
5b
Skimmers/P
owerPacks/Pum
ps
Moving/R
otatingEquipment
StoredHydraulicPressure
5d
Managing/R
etrievingOiledEquipment
Inge
stio
n
Inhalation
SkinContact
Page 23 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026ActivityID
Category/H
azard
All
Eyes
Hea
dBody
Hands & Arms
Feet&Legs
Res
pira
tory
Other
StandardPPE
Goggles
Facemask/FaceShield
Sunhat
Hardhat
TyvekCoveralls
WetWeatherGear
ChemicalResistantGloves/Gauntlets
ChemicalResistantSafetyBoots
Steel-cappedPenetrationResistantSafetyBoots
Waders
HalfFaceAPR
FullFaceAPR
FullFaceSAR
SCBA
Hearing Protection
SunBlock
InsectRepellant
PFD
PersonalGasMonitor
FallArrest
6.ContactwithOilandResponseChemicals
6a
DispersantO
perations
• S
pray
Sys
tem
s •
VesselMountedSystems
• A
ircra
ft S
pray
Sys
tem
sIn
gest
ion
Inhalation
SkinContact
6bShorelineCleanUp
Raking,Shoveling,Bagging
6c
Was
te M
anag
emen
tIn
gest
ion
Inhalation
SkinContact
6dConductInSituBurn
SmokePlume
Fire/Explosion
7.ExternalFactors
7aOiledWildlifeResponse
Stings,B
ites
Poi
son
Page24of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
4. REFERENCES1) PersonalProtectiveEquipmentforOilSpillResponders
APIRecommendedPractice98 FirstEdition,August2013
2) OilSpillResponderHealthandSafety IPIECAOGP OGPReportNumber480,December2012
3) DraftGuidanceonthesafeoperationofoilpollutioncombatingequipment IMOMarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee,67thSession,AgendaItem12 MEPC67/12/2,30thJune2014
4) AustralianEmergencyManagementHandbookSeries–Handbook1,DisasterHealth AustralianEmergencyManagementInstitute CommonwealthofAustralia2011
5) UsingRiskBasedDecisionMakingtoSelectPersonalProtectiveEquipmentforOilSpillResponders 2014InternationalOilSpillConferencepaper Abstract300237
6) ChemicalHumanHealthHazardsAssociatedwithOilSpillResponse RegulatoryAnalysisandScientificAffairs APIPublicationNumber4689 August2001
7) NationalStandardforOccupationalNoise [NOHSC:1007(2000)] NationalOccupationalHealthandSafetyCommission 2ndEdition,Canberra,July2000
8) WorkSafeVictoriawebsite http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/
9) AustralianGovernmentBusiness https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/workplace-health-and-safety/whs-oh-and-s-acts-regulations-and-codes-of-practice
10) NationalPlanForMaritimeEnvironmentalEmergencies,Aide-memoireforMarinePollutionResponse AustralianMaritimeSafetyAuthority,Version2.0,March2016
Page25of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5. APPENDICES5.1 Case Study: Exercise Westwind deck crane hydraulic failureDuringanoffshoreoil recoveryskimmerdeployment involving theuseofaHiab (Crane)onboardavessel,theHiabsufferedahydraulicfailurewhileattemptingtorecovertheskimmerbackontothedeckofthevessel.Operationswereshutdownuntilapre-start/toolboxmeetingandaJSAhadbeencarriedoutonceanalternativemethodofrecoveringtheskimmer(Utilisingasecondvessel)wasdetermined.
The exact reason for the hydraulic failure was not established, however the incident prompteda systematic investigation intoall ancillary equipment on vessels likely to beusedduring thewiderresponse.Inspectionswerecarriedoutandinfieldrespondersweretaskedtoensure:
• Theweightrating,liftingcapacity,andconditionofallliftingequipmentonboardcontractedvesselswasfitforpurpose
• Thatallliftingequipmentaboardvesselswasfitforpurpose• Thatallequipmentandvesselsconformedtotherequiredmaritimeequipmentinspection
procedures
TheuseoftheHiabisanexampleoftheapplicationofProcess Safety using Substitution.Thetaskofliftingtheskimmerinandoutofthewateriscarriedoutbythehiabasasubstitutefortheuseofmanualliftingtechniquesthatposehigherrisktoresponders.
TheprocessofinstigatingtheongoinginspectionsisanAdministrativeexampleofProcess Safety,whereinspectionsandassessmentofequipmentareusedtoensurethatequipmentisinspected,fitforpurpose,andthattheriskoffailureisreducedtoaslowasisreasonablypracticable.
Page26of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.2 Oil Spill Responder Training StandardsGovernmentPersonnel TrainingAustralianStateandTerritorypersonnel AMSAcompetency-basedtrainingcoursesundertheNationalPlan
andintergovernmentalarrangements.
OnlineIntroductiontoPollutionResponse,throughtheAMSALearningCentre,consistsoffourmodules:• TheNationalPlan• HealthandSafetyinanOilSpill• IntroductiontoOilSpills• IntroductiontoChemicalSpills
TheonlinelearningcomponentmustbecompletedpriortoattendingAMSANationalPlancourses:• CORETraining
– IncidentManagementTeam(IMT)– BasicEquipmentOperations
• SPECIALISTTraining– IncidentController– Planning– Operations– Logistics
• OPERATIONALTraining– BasicEquipmentOperators– AdvancedEquipmentOperators– ShorelineResponse
GovernmentContractors
Industry Personnel Training
AMOSCCoreGroup
CompletionofanAMOSCcourse,accreditedbytheNauticalInstitutetotheInternationalMaritimeOrganisation(IMO)standards:• IMOI,Operations• IMOII,Management• IMOIII,IncidentCommand
+AMOSCCoreGroupSpecialisedTrainingWorkshop
AMOSCParticipatingMemberandAssociatedMembercompanypersonnel
AMOSCIMOaccreditedcompetencybasedcourses:• IMOI,Operations• IMOII,Management• IMOIII,IncidentCommand
AMOSCNonAccreditedCourses• Offshore/NearshoreOperations• AerialSurveillance• ShorelineOperations• BespokeCourses
MarinePersonnelContractors
GlobalResponseNetworkPersonnel OSRL/GRNAccreditedandNonAccreditedCourses
Page27of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
ACTIVITY HAZARD RISKS CONTROLSGeneral Weather–Heat • Sunburn • Limitexposure
– Shelter– Regularbreaks– Adjustshifts
• PPE-Protectiveclothing/Hat/Sunscreen• Dehydration • Maintainfluids
• Regularbreaks• Acclimatisepersonnel
• HeatRash(PricklyHeat) • LimitExposure– Regularbreaksincoolenvironment– Minimiseworkinhumidenvironment
whileusingclothingthattrapsmoisture• Washskinthoroughly• Applymedicatedlotions/powder
• HeatCramps• HeatExhaustion• HeatStroke
• LimitExposure– Shelter– Regularbreaksincoolenvironment– Adjustshifts
• MaintainFluids• Acclimatisepersonnel• PPE-Protectiveclothing/Hat/Sunscreen
Weather- Cold
• Hypothermia • Limitexposure– Shelter– Regularbreaks
• ProtectiveclothingWeather–Strong Wind
• Impactfromdebris/objects• Debrisineyes• Equipmentdamage
• Securelooseitems• PPE(Safetyglasses)
Weather-Lightning
• Electrocution• Personalinjury/death
• Limitexposure– Shutdownworkiflightningisobserved
within5km(Stopwatchorsecondcountdividedby5givesapproximatedistanceinkm.25secondsisapprox.5km)
– Avoidconductors/tallobjects– Avoidopenareas– Crouchlowwithheelstogether
Slip,Trip,Falls • Personalinjury • Goodhousekeeping– Clearwalkways– Secureequipment– Minimiseclutter– Cleanspills
• Applynonslipmaterials• Situationalawareness• PPE
5.3 Hazard RegisterAcomprehensiveHazardRegisterwillincludeeverypotentialhazardthatoilspillrespondersmayfaceatanytimeduringtheresponse.TheexamplethatfollowscanbeusedbyanIncidentManagementTeamasthebasisforbeginningtheRiskManagementProcessduringaresponse.
5.3.1 Hazard Register: Onshore - General
Page28of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
ACTIVITY HAZARD RISKS CONTROLSGeneral Workingat
height• Personalinjury/death • Restrict access
– Barriers/tape– Guardrails– Nogozones
• Maintainsituationalawareness• Team communication• PPE–fallarrest/harness
ManualHandling
• Personalinjury • Correctliftingtechniques• Teamliftforheavierorawkwarditems• Goodcommunicationduringteamlift• PPE–Gloves/SafetyBoots
Pinchpoints • Personalinjury • Avoidbights/pinchpoints• Maintainsituationalawareness• PPE-Gloves
Sharps/debris • Personalinjury • Prejobinspectionofarea/equipment• Effectiveobservationwhileoperating• Effectiveteamcommunication• PPE–Gloves/Safetyboots
Noise • Personalinjury • Limitexposure• Effectivecommunicationplan• PPE–HearingProtection
Nightoperations– Poorvisibility– Fatigue
• Personalinjury• Equipmentdamage
• Adequatelighting• Avoidnightoperations
Fire • PersonalinjuryDeath • Beinformedofmediawarnings• Complywithwarningssignsandfirebans
Flood • PersonalinjuryDeath • Beinformedofmediawarnings• Complywithwarningssignsandtravel
bans• Donotenterfloodwaters
PortableElectricalEquipment
• PersonalinjuryDeath • Trained/competentoperator• Equipmentmustbetaggedindateandin
good condition• Complywithmanufacturer
recommendations and SOP• Protectleads• Useresidualcurrentprotectiondevices
ExtendedHours/fatigue
• PersonalinjuryDeath • Regulatedshifts• Sufficientresourcestoavoidunnecessary
demands on responders• Avoidirregularworkpatterns• Adequaterestperiods• Jobrotation
Page29of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.3.2 Hazard Register: Vehicles, Vessels, Aircraft, and Movements
ACTIVITY HAZARD RISKS CONTROLSVehicleMovements
Driving– General– Offroad– Outsidenormalhours
• Crash• Fatigue• Boggedinremote
areas• Lost
• Operatormusthaveappropriatelicence• Vehiclemustberegistered,ingood
condition,andfitforpurpose• Complywithroadregulations• Drivetoroad/environmentalconditions• Plantrip• Driverfittowork
Pedestrian movements
• Crush/impact• Personalinjury
• Establishsafezonesandbarriers• Separatevehiclesandpedestrians• Use spotters• Limit access• PPE–Highvisibilityclothing
Loading VehiclesandVessels
Forkliftoperations • Crash• Personalinjury
• Operatormusthaveappropriatelicence• Vehiclemustberegisteredforroaduseif
usedonpublicroadareas• Vehiclemustbeingoodcondition,andfit
for purpose• Complywithroadregulations• Drivetoroad/environmentalconditions• Planliftsandmovements• Driverfittowork• Useaspotterwhereappropriate
Craneoperations • Droppedobjects• Crush/personalinjury• Impact/damageto
equipment• Impact/damageto
vessel
• Operatormusthaveappropriatelicence• Usequalifiedrigger/dogmanforall
movements• Loadstovesselsmustbeunderguidance
ofvesselmaster• Cranemustbeingoodcondition,andfitfor
purpose• Planliftsandmovements• Driverfittowork• Establishedsafe/nogozones
Fasteningloads • Personalinjury
• Significantinjuryofthirdparty
• Damagetoequipment
• Competentpersonneltoconduct• Load assessment
ManualHandling • Personalinjury • Correctliftingtechniques• Teamliftforheavierorawkwarditems• Goodcommunicationduringteamlift
VesselOperations - General
Generalvesseloperations– Launching– Retrieval– Operation
• Personalinjury• Death• Damagetovesselor
equipment
• Vesseltobeinsurvey• Vesselandsafetyequipmenttobefitfor
purpose and in good condition• VesselmastertobeCoxswainqualifiedas
minimum• Maritimeregulationstobeobservedatall
times• Mastertoprovidesafetybriefingtoall
oncomingcrew/personnel• PPE–PersonalFlotationDevice(PFD)
Page30of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
ACTIVITY HAZARD RISKS CONTROLSVesselOperations - General
Collision/grounding
• Personalinjury• Significantinjuryof
thirdparty• Damagetoequipment• Death
• Maritimeregulationstobeobservedatalltimes
• Operate to conditions• Utilisechartsand/orlocalknowledgeto
avoidknownhazards• Operateatlowspeedsnearfixed
structures• Maintainsafedistancebetweenvesseland
fixedstructuresorothervesselsFire • Personalinjury
• Damagetoequipment• Death
• Firefightingequipmenttobeavailableanddiscussedduringsafetybriefing
• Competenttrainedpersonnelonlytorespond
• POBtomusterasdirectedPersonoverboard • Personalinjury
• Death• Rescue/recoveryequipmenttobeavailable
anddiscussedduringsafetybriefing• Effectiveteamcommunications• MaintainvisualonPOBatalltimes• PPE-PFD
Vesseltovesseltransfer
• Personoverboard• Crush/impactinjury• Death
• Vesselmastertocontroloperationalsafety• Competenttrainedpersonneltosupervise• Usesafezonesonly• Raftvessels• PPE-PFD
Stored energy– Moorings– Tow/anchorlines
– Handinglinesbetweenvesselandshore
– Towingboom
• Personalinjury• Personoverboard• Death
• Vesselmastertocontroloperationalsafety• Stayclearofbight• Stayclearofsnapbackzones• Goodhousekeeping
– ClearDecks– NeatLines
• Effectiveteamcommunication
Workingaround aircraft
Rotating equipment
• Personalinjury • Situationalawareness• Trainedpersonnel
Heat(Exhaust) • Personalinjury • Situationalawareness• Trainedpersonnel• PPE
Airsickness • Personalinjury • MedicationEmergencylanding/crash
• Personalinjury• Death
• Trainedpersonnel• PPE-PFD
Page 31 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.3.3 HazardRegister:HazardsSpecifictoOilSpillResponseDeployingand retrieving nearshoreoroffshoreboom
Stored energy–Ropes/lines–Boom–Anchorpoints
• Personalinjury • Avoidstandinginthebight• Avoidcrossinglinesoftension• Maintainsituationalawareness• Effectiveteamcommunication• Usebarriersandnogozones
Operating Equipment– Skimmers– Powerpacks– Pumps
Moving/Rotatingequipment
• Personalinjury • Trainedpersonneltooperate• Designatedoperatortomaintaincontrolof
equipmentatalltimes• Situationalawareness/teamwork• Limitexposure –Barriers/nogozones• PPE–gloves/safetyglasses/protectiveclothing
Storedhydraulicpressure
• Personalinjury• Environmental
impact
• Trainedpersonneltooperate• Designatedoperatortomaintaincontrolof
equipmentatalltimes• Controlledpressurerelease
– Usehydraulicunloadersorsafemethodtorelievepressurisedhosespriortoconnection
– Releasehydraulicpressureinequipmentpriortodisconnectionofhoses
• PPE–safetyglasses/gloves• Sorbentmaterials/ragsforoildischarge
Operating Equipment– Dispersant
Spray Systems
• Chemicalspray
• Slipperydeck/equipment
• Personalinjury– Slip/trip/fall– Ingestion– Eyeirritation– Skinirritation
• Trainedpersonneltooperate• Avoidexposuretosprayplume
– Spraydownwind– Usebarrierstorestrictaccesstoaffectedareas
• Housekeeping–clean/flushdeckandequipment• PPE–protectiveclothing/safetyglasses/gloves
/respiratormaskInsituburning SmokePlume • PersonalInjury
– Ingestion– Skinexposure
• LimitExposure– FollowProcedures– Observeweather/wind
• PPE-RespiratorFire • Personalinjury
• Damagetoequipment
• Death
• Firefightingequipmenttobeavailableanddiscussedduringsafetybriefing
• LimitExposure– Followprocedures– Observeweather/wind
• PPE–ProtectiveClothing• WorkinginOiledEnvironment
• WorkingwithOiledEquipment
• Waste Management
Contactwithoil • Skinirritation• Ingestion• Inhalation
• SuitableAir/WaterQualityMonitoringProgram• LimitExposure
– Timedshifts(Heatduringthedaymayincreasevaporlevels–workincoolconditionsearly)
– Observeweather/wind– ComplywithOccupationalExposureLimits
• PPE– ProtectiveClothing– Gloves– Respirators
WorkingwithOiledWildlife
• Bites• Stings
• Personalinjury• Anaphylaxis• Death
• Vigilance/situationalawareness• Appropriatefirstaidkit• Trainedpersonneltoperform• Protectiveclothingandgloves
Page 32 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.3.4 Hazard Register: Australian Regional HazardsREGION HAZARD RISKS CONTROLSFarNorthofAustralia
Crocodiles • Personalinjury• Death
• Vigilancenearshorelinesandwaterways• Avoidenteringthewater• Observessafetywarningsigns
TropicalJellyfish– Boxjellyfish– Irukandji
• Personalinjury• Anaphylaxis• Death
• Vigilancenearshorelinesandwaterways• Avoidenteringthewater• Protectiveclothingandgloves
Mosquitoes • Denguefever• RossRiverVirus
• Protectiveclothing• Repellant
Stonefish/Coneshell
• Personalinjury• Anaphylaxis• Death
• Vigilancenearshorelinesandwaterways• Avoidenteringthewater• Protectivefootwear,clothing,andgloves
Australiawide • Snakes• Spiders
• Personalinjury• Death
• Protectiveclothingandfootwear
Sharks • Personalinjury• Death
• Vigilanceinoffshoreareas• Avoidenteringthewater
Page 33 of 23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.4 Safety Plan ChecklistICC FOB Field
Record keeping– Maintainalogofactions– Prepareshifthandoverdocuments– Providewrittenrecordsofbriefingsdelivered– DetailsonselectedhazardcontrolsSafetyBriefingstoprovideallrelevantsafetyinformationtoin-fieldoperationalpersonnelAmedicalplanandemergencyfirstaidproceduresAnemergencycontactlistforin-fieldresponders– SafetyandHealth– Wildlife– Indigenous Affairs– IncidentControlCentre– Logistics– OperationsSafetyinformationspecifictothespilledproductAir monitoring considerationsPersonnel monitoring– Signin/Signout,orQRcodeIDtagtracking– Emergencycontactinformation– Medicalhistory/fitnessfortask– FatiguemanagementSafetyInformationspecifictoareasofoperation– FWADC– Helicopter/AerialObservation– DispersantApplication– ShorelineAssessment– ShorelineCleanup– ShorelineContainmentandRecovery– Offshore/NearshoreContainmentandRecovery– OiledWildlifeResponse– Nightoperations– Transportandvehicles– Decontamination– Waste managementSafetyinformationspecifictoregionallocations– Hazardouslocations(Rockyshorelines,islands,significanttidalmovement)– NorthernAustralia(Stingers,Crocodiles)– Affectedwildlife(Handling,disease)Safetyinformationspecifictoenvironmentalconditions– NorthernAustralia(Heat)– SouthernAustralia(Coldclimateexposure)Provision for continuous feedback to the IMT– Fieldreportingofpotentialhazards– Incident reporting– Investigation outcomes and recommended actions
Page34of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.5 Safety PlanICS 208 Safety Message/Plan
1. Incident Name: 2. Operational Period: Date From: Time From:
Date To: Time To:
3. Safety Message/Expanded Safety Message, Safety Plan, Site Safety Plan: Scope of Activities: Marine/vessel: Shoreline: Shoreline: Safety Priorities: Marine/vessel: Shoreline:: Other: Hazard Register: Risk Assessment: Monitoring: Decontamination: Site Map/location: Emergency procedures/contact details: . Communications: Hazard/Incident Reporting: Site Security: Attachments:
• Product Safety Data Sheet/s • Tactical Brief Template • Job Safety Analysis Template • Safety Plan Checklist • Safety Plan Core Document Chart • Site Safety Survey Template • Site Safety Brief Template
4. Site Safety Plan Required? Yes/no Approved Site Safety Plan(s) Located At: 5. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature: ICS 208 IAP Page _____ Date/Time:
Page35of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
ICS 208 Safety Message/PlanPurpose: TheSafetyMessage/Plan(ICS208)expandsontheSafetyMessageandSiteSafety
Plan.
Preparation: TheICS208isanoptionalformthatmaybeincludedandcompletedbytheSafetyOfficerfortheIncidentActionPlan(IAP).
Distribution: TheICS208,ifdeveloped,willbereproducedwiththeIAPandgiventoallrecipientsaspartoftheIAP.AllcompletedoriginalformsmustbegiventotheDocumentationUnit.
Notes:• TheICS208mayserve(optionally)aspartoftheIAP.• Useadditionalcopiesforcontinuationsheetsasneeded,andindicatepaginationasused.
BlockNumber BlockTitle Instructions
1 IncidentName Enterthenameassignedtotheincident.
2OperationalPeriod
DateandTimeFrom
DateandTimeTo
Enterthestartdate(month/day/year)andtime(usingthe24-hourclock)andenddateandtimefortheoperationalperiodtowhichtheformapplies.
3
Safety Message/Expanded Safety Message, Safety Plan, Site Safety Plan
Enterclear,concisestatementsforsafetymessage(s),priorities,andkeycommandemphasis/decisions/directions.Enterinformationsuchasknownsafetyhazardsandspecificprecautionstobeobservedduringthisoperationalperiod.Ifneeded,additionalsafetymessage(s)shouldbereferencedandattached.
4 Site Safety Plan Required?Yes No
Checkwhetherornotasitesafetyplanisrequiredforthisincident.
Approved Site Safety Plan(s) Located At
EnterwheretheapprovedSiteSafetyPlan(s)islocated.
5
PreparedbyNamePosition/TitleSignatureDate/Time
Enterthename,ICSposition,andsignatureofthepersonpreparingtheform.Enterdate(month/day/year)andtimeprepared(24-hourclock).
Page36of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.6 Site Safety Evaluation FormFrom IPIECA/OGP JIP – Oil Spill Responder Health and Safety
Page37of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Page38of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.7 SiteSafetyBriefingTemplate
Page39of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.8 Standard Operating ProceduresStandardOperatingProceduresareavailableforallNatPlanequipment(AMOSC,AMSA,andMutualAid).Contactthesuppliertoacquireifunavailableviasupplierwebsites.
Page40of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Task: Job Location:
Work Supervisor: SafetyOfficer:
First Aider: Emergency Radio/Contact #:
JSA Reviewed By: Date Prepared:
ITEM NUMBER WORK ACTIVITY HAZARD RISK CONTROL PERSONS
RESPONSIBLE
Break the job down into steps
What could harm someone?
What can be done to make the job safe?
Who will make sure it happens?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.9 Job Safety Analysis
Page41of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
JOB
SA
FETY
AN
ALY
SIS
– TA
SK H
AZA
RD
ASS
ESSM
ENT
FOR
M (N
on R
egul
ar W
orks
ite)
ThistableistobeusedbyAMOSCpersonnel,C
oreGroupandtrainingparticipantsinanunfamiliarworksiteenvironm
ent.ThislistingofHazardsandControls
canassisttheworkgrouptomanagehazardsfortheproposedwork.Thetabledoesnotincludeallpossiblehazards.
ItisanexpectationthatrequiredPPEfortheactivityandworkconditionswillbeused.
Poor
ligh
ting
or
visi
bilit
yFa
lling
or
Dro
pped
O
bjec
ts
Port
able
El
ectr
ical
Eq
uipm
ent
Rad
iatio
n H
azar
dEq
uipm
ent a
nd
Tool
sH
igh
Ener
gy o
r H
igh
Volta
geEx
cava
tions
Was
te C
lean
-up
and
Dis
posa
lCon
finedSpace
• P
rovi
de
alternate
lighting
• W
ait o
r def
er
untilvisibility
impr
oves
•Nowork
over
wat
er
thatcould
requirerescue
(includingsea
stat
e
• U
se s
igns
and
barriersto
rest
rict e
ntry
or
acc
ess
underw
orkat
elevation
•Uselifting
equipm
entto
raisetoolstoor
fromthework
platform
•Securetools
(tie-
off)
• In
spec
t equipm
ent
for c
ondi
tion
and
test
dat
e cu
rren
cy
•Implem
ent
cont
inuo
us g
as
test
ing
• P
rote
ct
electricalleads
from
impa
ct o
r da
mag
e
•Usebarriers
and
sign
s to
re
stric
t acc
ess
•Notify
personnel
whomaybe
affe
cted
•Implem
ent
NORM
Naturally
Occ
urrin
g R
adio
activ
e Material)
controls
•ConductRAD
(Rad
iatio
n Absorbed
Dose)testing
• In
spec
t equipm
entand
tools
•Nouseof
modifiedtools
• U
se p
rote
ctiv
e gu
ards
• U
se c
orre
ct
toolsand
equipm
entfor
task
• P
rote
ct o
r removesharp
edge
s
• R
estri
ct a
cces
s toauthorised
personnelonly
•Discharge
equipm
ent
andmake
electrically
dead
•Observesafe
dist
ance
s fo
r livecables
•Useflashburn
PPEsuit
•Useinsulated
gloves,tools
and
mat
s
• H
ave
an
excavationplan
orsafework
prac
tice
• Lo
cate
un
derg
roun
d pipesorcables
byhand
digg
ing
•De-energize
unde
rgro
und
serv
ices
•Implem
ent
confinedspace
entrycontrols
•Apply
environm
ental
man
agem
ent
prac
tices
•Follow
site
was
te
man
agem
ent
proc
edur
es
•Cleanup
equipm
entand
materialsat
site
•Optimisetask
to m
inim
ise
was
te
prod
uctio
n
•Discuss
confinedspace
entrysafework
prac
tice
• M
onito
r acc
ess
or e
ntry
• P
rote
ct
surfa
ces
from
in
adve
rtent
co
ntac
t
•Donotlocate
mobileengines
nearconfined
spac
e
• P
rovi
de
observer
•Developrescue
plan
Page42of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Oth
er E
nerg
y So
urce
sO
ther
Haz
ards
Emer
genc
y R
espo
nse
Mob
ile
Equi
pmen
tLi
fting
Eq
uipm
ent
Hig
h N
oise
Haz
ardo
us
Subs
tanc
eIg
nitio
n So
urce
sSi
mul
tane
ous
Ope
ratio
ns
(SIM
OPS
)•
Spr
ing
com
pres
sion
orexpansion
control
•Implem
ent
electromagnetic
(radio)controls
• M
anag
e pr
essu
re o
r va
cuum
•Manageheat
gene
ratin
g pr
oces
ses
• U
se s
eism
ic
activ
ity s
afe
workpractice
•Implem
ent
abrasive
blasting
controls(for
equipm
entand
prac
tices
)
• P
repa
re a
div
e plan
• M
anag
e potential
blockedor
plugged
equipm
ent
•MOC
(Man
agem
ent
ofChange)
requiredfor
tem
pora
ry
conn
ectio
ns o
r modifications
• K
eep
egre
ss
rout
e op
en
•Keepshow
er
and
eye
washstations
accessible
• H
ave
a re
scue
planinplace
• K
eep
emer
genc
y alarm,fire
equipm
ent,
andshutdown
locations
unobstructed
• A
cces
s equipm
ent
cond
ition
•Implem
ent
controlson
user
s or
ac
cess
• Li
mit
and
mon
itor
proximityto
liveequipm
ent
orcables
• M
anag
e overhead
hazards
•Adheretoroad
andsiterules
•Confirmlifting
equipm
ent
cond
ition
and
certification
• H
ave
a do
cum
ente
d an
d ap
prov
ed
liftplan
• W
ear c
orre
ct
hearingPPE
• M
anag
e exposuretimes
•Shutdow
nequipm
ent
•Use“quiet”
tools
•Soundbarriers
or c
urta
ins
• P
rovi
de o
r usesuitable
com
mun
icat
ion
techniques
•Drainorpurge
equipm
ent
•FollowMSDS
controls
•Implem
ent
healthhazards
controls(Lead,
Asbestos,H2S
,IronSulphide,
Sulphur
Dioxide,
NORM–
Naturally
Occ
urrin
g R
adio
activ
e Material)
•Testoranalyse
material
•Rem
ove,
isolateor
cont
ain
combustible
materials
• P
rovi
de
firefighting
equipm
ent
•Construct
afire-safe
habitat
•Provideafire
watchduring
andafterhot
work
•Conduct
cont
inuo
us g
as
test
ing
•Bondorearth
for s
tatic
electricity
orcathodic
prot
ectio
n
•MOCrequired
for d
evia
tion
from
SIM
OP
S
rest
rictio
ns
• In
terfa
ce
between
grou
ps
•Usebarriers
and
sign
s to
se
greg
ate
activ
ities
Page43of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Job
Safe
ty A
naly
sis
JSA
Rea
d an
d Si
gned
by
ALL
par
ticip
ants
invo
lved
in a
ctiv
ity:
Prin
t Nam
eSi
gnPr
int N
ame
Sign
Page44of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.10 Safety Report Form
Page45of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.11 Wind Chill Chart
Page46of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.12 Hazardous Components of Petroleum ProductsIdentificationofpotentialhazardsarisingfrompetroleumproductswithwhichpersonnelmaycomeintocontact during a response.
Table 5-1: Relative Potential Health Concern for Components of Petroleum Products(Ref: Chemical Human Health Hazards Associated with Oil Spill Response: API 4689)
Ratingsarerelativetospecificconditionsandmayvaryconsiderably.Fordetailedinterpretationofthehazardsassociatedwithparticularproducts,exposurelimits,andsafeworkinglimitsinanygivenresponselocation,theservicesofqualifiedspecialistpersonnelmustbeengaged.
Component of Potential Concern
Product
Cru
de O
il
Gas
olin
e
Mid
dle
Dis
tilla
tes:
Ker
osen
e
Jet F
uel
Die
sel/H
eatin
g O
il
Hea
vy
Fuel
Oil
Asp
halt
Benzene X X
O O O O O
n-Hexane O O O O O
Hydrogen Sulphide X O O O O
Naphthalene O O O O
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PNAs) X O O O O X
Tetraethyl/tetra methyl Lead (TEL/TML) O
O 1
2 O O O O O
Toluene O O O O
Total Hydrocarbons X O O
Trimethyl Benzene O O
X – Component of concern
– Component of low concern
O – Component of no concern 1 - TEL/TML ratings may be higher outside US 2 – Aviation Gasoline
Page47of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.13 Heat Disorder InformationAdditionalmonitoring forheatstresscanbeutilisedwhen identifiedasahazardcontrol through theRMP.HeatStressmonitorsareavailablehoweverapplicationofriskmanagementproceduresidentifiedintheSafetyPlanshouldbesuchthatrespondersarepreventedfromreachingthispoint.
Page48of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
5.14 Permissible Noise ExposureThenationalstandard forexposure tonoise in theoccupationalenvironment isaneight-hourequivalentcontinuousA-weightedsoundpressurelevel,LAeq,8h,of85dB(A).
Forpeaknoise,thenationalstandardisaC-weightedpeaksoundpressurelevel,LC,peak,of140dB(C).3.2.
The exposure to noise is taken to be thatmeasured at the employee’s ear positionwithout taking intoaccountanyprotection,whichmaybeaffordedbypersonalhearingprotectors.
IntheNationalStandardforOccupationalNoise[NOHSC:1007(2000)]:‘LAeq,8h‘(eight-hourequivalentcontinuousA-weightedsoundpressurelevelindB(A)referencedto20micropascals)meansthatsteadynoiselevelwhichwould,inthecourseofaneight-hourperiod,causethesameA-weightedsoundenergyasthatduetotheactualnoiseoveranactualworkingday.LAeq,8histobedeterminedinaccordancewithPart1ofAustralian/NewZealandStandardAS/NZS12691.‘LC,peak‘(peaknoiselevel)meansC-weightedpeak soundpressure level in decibelsmeasuredbya sound levelmeterwithapeakdetector-indicatorcharacteristiccomplyingwithAustralianStandardAS1259.12.
‘Noise’meansanyunwantedordamagingsound.
‘Personalhearingprotectors’meansadevice,orpairofdevices,wornbyapersonorinsertedintheearsofapersontoprotecttheperson’shearing.
AdditionalInformation:https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/model-code-practice-managing-noise-and-preventing-hearing-loss-work
5.15 Working at Heights[FromWorksafe.vic.gov.au]
Fallsfromheightcanleaveemployeeswithpermanentanddebilitatinginjuries.Fallsoftenoccurfromroofs,scaffolds,ladders,trucksandmezzaninefloorsorintopitsorholes.Fallsfromlessthanonemetrecanresultinseriousinjuriessuchasfractures,spinalcordinjury,concussionsandbraindamage.Theriskofseriousinjuryordeathfromafallincreasessignificantlywhenworkingatheightsovertwo metres.
Getting started• Wherepossibleredesigntheworkplaceortheworktasktominimisetheneedforpeopletodothe
work,orpartoftheworkatheight.• Whereworkmustbedoneatheight,ensuretheworkisdonefromoneofthefollowing(controls
fromloweronthelistmayonlybeusedwhereitisnotreasonablypracticabletousecontrolsfromhigheronthelist):
• anelevatedworkplatformorportablescaffoldwithsecurehandrails• usetravelrestraintsystems• fallarrestsystems(E.g.Safetyharness,industrialsafetynetorcatchplatform)• stepplatforms• Ladders.
Note: Travel restraint and fall arrest systems and the associated anchorages must be designed by a competent person. Any person using such systems must be given appropriate training and supervision.
• Ensuremezzaninefloors,storageareasandanyotherareasthatareintendedtobeaccessedhavesafeaccesswithwell-maintainedstairsandsecurehandrailsandtoeboardsaroundtheperimeter.
• Anystorageareaincludingracking,shelvingortheroofspaceofanofficeareawithinafactorymustbedesignedfortheintendedloads.
Page49of23
National Plan Guidance on: Marine Oil Spill Response Health and Safety – Reference: NP-GUI-026
Using ladders
• Useastepplatformladder,wherepossible,astheyprovidealarger,morestableworksurfacethanladders.
• Alwaysmaintainthreepointsofcontactwhenascending,descendingorstandingonaladder.• Donotuseladdersonbalconiesorotherareasthatincreasethepotentialfalldistancefortheuser.• Ensureemployeesdonot:
– standhigherthanthesecondtreadbelowthetopplateofanystepladder– useladderswhenusingtoolsthatrequireahighdegreeofforceoraredesignedtobeoperated
withtwohands– Useladderstoworkoverotherpeople.
• Ensureladdersareplacedsquarelyonfirm,non-slipsurfaces.Secureladdersbytyingthemtoasupportatthetopand/orbottom.Alternatively,haveanotherperson‘foot’theladder.
• Inspectladdersregularly.Repairorreplaceladderswhererungs,stepsortreadsortopplatesaremissing,worn,damagedorloose.
AdditionalInformation:https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/model-code-practice-managing-risk-falls-workplaces
5.16 Manual Handling[FromWorksafe.vic.gov.au]
Manualhandlinghappensinmostsmallbusinessesandinvolvesusingyourbodytoexertforcetolift,lower,push,pull,carry,move,holdorrestrainobjectsorpeople.
ItisthebiggestcauseofworkplaceinjuryinVictoria.Eachyear,thousandsofpeopleareinjuredasaresultofmanualhandling.
Manualhandlinginjuriestypicallyoccurwhenemployeesliftheavyorawkwarditems,aswellaswhentheycarryoutrepetitiveactionssuchasstackingorunstackingitems.Theriskofinjurymaybeincreasedifthesetasksarecarriedoutoverlongperiods,atafastpaceorinotherdifficultconditions.
Environmentalfactorssuchasheat,coldandlightinglevelscanalsoincreasetheriskofaninjury.
Prescribedweightlimitsarenotsetbecausedifferentindividualshavedifferentphysicalcapabilities.
Getting started
• Usemechanicalaidssuchastrolleys,conveyors,hoistsorforkliftstomoveobjects.• Regularlymaintainmechanicalaids.• Designoradjustworksurfacessotheyarethecorrectheightforemployeesandsothereis
adequatespaceforworkingorstorage.• Useadjustableplatformsorscissorliftssoemployeescanloadandunloadobjectsfromaround
waistheightandwithouthavingtoextendtheirreach.• Suspendhandtoolsandholditemsinjigsorvicessotheycanbeorientatedtoensurefavourable
postureswhenbeingworkedon.• Selecttoolswithanti-vibrationoranti-kickstartfeatures.• Ensureadequatespaceisprovidedforworkorstorageandtrolleysareusedtomoveitems.The
workareashouldbebetweenkneeandshoulderheight,andclosetotheemployee’sbody.• Wherepossible,automatemanualtasksandprocessesorprovidesuitablemechanicalaids.Ifnot
possible,ensureemployeesregularlyrotatetodifferenttasks.• Ensureemployeesaretrainedhowtouseequipmentsafely.
AdditionalInformation:https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/model-code-practice-hazardous-manual-tasks
AMSA483(6/17)