Post on 08-Feb-2016
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Nationalism is the belief that an ethnic group should have its
own national state and government.
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Since the Middle Ages,Italy had been
a collectionof kingdoms
and city-states.
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From the early 1800s, much of Italy was ruled by Austria.
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The Pope controlled centralItaly.
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Giuseppe Mazzini founded an organization called “Young Italy”. It was a secret society for
Italian unification. Mazzini was the “soul”
of Italian unification.His writings
inspired nationalists.
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Mazzini’s writings stirred up revoltsbut the revolts were quickly putdown. Mazzini had to flee Italy.
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GiuseppeGaribaldiworked
withMazzini and
was also exiled.
Garibaldi was the “sword” ofunification.
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He organized an armyfor unification. His
soldiers were knownas the “Red Shirts”.
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In 1852, Count Cavourwas made Prime
Minister of theKingdom of Piedmontand Sardinia by King
Victor Emmanuel.
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Cavour provokeda war with
Austria while Garibaldi’s armies
moved northacross thepeninsula.
Cavour was the“mastermind” of
unification.
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Cavour then annexed most of the otherstates of northern and central Italy.
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Meanwhile, GiuseppeGaribaldi overthrew the king of
Naples in the south. He then joined Naples to Cavour’s enlarged Piedmont.
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By 1871, unification had been achieved.The Pope’s territory had been reduced
to the Vatican.
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Butunification had
failed toend the
cultural andeconomicdivisions
that separated
Italy’s north and south.