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transcript
1/7/2013
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© Project SOUND
Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden
Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants Project SOUND - 2009
© Project SOUND
Gourmet Seasonings
and Condiments
C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve
Madrona Marsh Preserve
April 4 & 7, 2009
© Project SOUND
Growing your own food: on the upswing?
Fun
Educational
Good exercise
Interesting looking plants
Saves money
Tasty, fresh ingredients
Chance to grow & use ‘exotic’ ingredients – including CA native plants
http://bloomtown.typepad.com/bloomtown/bloomtown_my_garden/
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Not your grandmother’s vegetable garden any more!
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Advantages of including native edible
plants in your garden
Often easy to grow
Attract native pollinators as well as honey bees
Attract other beneficial insects (predators)
Many are water-wise; spend you ‘water allowance’ on other vegetables
Add wonderful ‘exotic’ & healthy flavors to your diet
© Project SOUND
Sand Fringepod – Thysanocarpus curvipes
http://syrpa.lindberglce.com/flowersBig/B106.htm
© Project SOUND
Sand Fringepod – Thysanocarpus curvipes
Western N. America: Mexico to British Columbia
Most of CA, including western L.A. County
Common to an elevation of about 5000'
Slopes, washes, moist meadows
Valley grasslands, coastal sage scrub, chaparral and foothill woodland
Thysanocarpus: from the Greek words thusanos, "fringe," and karpos, "fruit," hence "fringed fruit"
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2240,2683,2685
© Project SOUND
In nature, Sand Fringepod is usually found
with other wildflowers, grasses
Lindley’s Silverpuffs
Goldenrods
Bicolor Lupine
CA Poppy
Creamcups
Many others…
http://edgehill.net/nature/sierra/pg1pc2 http://tchester.org/srp/plants/pix/fringe_pod.html
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Sand Fringepod – a delicate spring annual
Size:
1-2 ft tall
1-2 ft wide
Growth form: Delicate and upright habit
May be a single stem or branched; more branches with more water
Generally disappears quickly with drought
Foliage: larger leaves mostly at base
© 2004, Ben Legler
© Project SOUND
Flowers are tiny
‘mustard’ flowers
Blooms: Spring; usually Mar-May in
W. L.A. Co
Depends on timing of rains
Flowers: Really tiny - < ¼ inch across
White tinged with purple
Flowers open sequentially ‘up the stalk’
Typical shape for Mustard family – parts of 4
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/fringepod.html http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Thysanocarpus_curvipes.htm
© Project SOUND
…but the real show
is in the seeds
Flat round pods; each contains a single seed
Each seed fringed with a lacey edging – hence ‘Fringepod’ or ‘Spectaclepod’
Ripe seeds are golden tan; easy to strip from the stalk into a bowl
Remember: annual wildflowers need a drought period to set & mature their seeds – the drying period is key to healthy seeds
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/fringepod.html © Project SOUND
Cleaning seeds
Collect only fully ripe seeds; usually brown, and often easy to strip of shake from plant
Rub seeds over a rough surface (like a screen) or roll between your hands in a cloth bag
Separate seeds from chaff: heavier seeds will fall to bottom – will have to experiment
Then seeds are ready to store or prepare as a condiment!
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3062/2416699089_94dab9fd1e.jpg?v=0
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Sand Fringepod: a welcome addition to
the native prairie palette
Mix with other native annuals and bunchgrasses
Great in pots & planters
Treat them like any other native annual wildflower:
Full sun to light shade Any local soil is fine Need plenty of
winter/spring water; supplement if needed
Withhold water after flowering ceases; can taper off in mid/late spring
© Project SOUND
Can I plant native
wildflowers in my regular
vegetable garden?
But of course!
In pots & planters
In out-of-the way corners
Amongst winter/spring vegetables
In their own place of honor (Zone 1 in summer)
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3062/2416699089_94dab9fd1e.jpg?v=0
© Project SOUND
* Blue Flax –Linum lewisii var. lewisii
© Project SOUND
Blue Flax –Linum lewisii var. lewisii
Found in most of CA north to OR
Grows on dry open slopes and ridges
The genus Linum contains all the flax plants (including the European one used for commercial fibers)
Species name lewisii for Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark expeditions
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4965,4980,4983,4985
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Blue flax only looks delicate – it’s actually a pretty tough little perennial (but often grown as an annual)
http://sagehen.ucnrs.org/Photos/misc.%20credits/al_grigarich/blue-violet/slides/B034.1%20%20Mt.%20Lola%20%20%20Blue%20Flax%20%20Linum%20lewisii.html
© Project SOUND
Blue Flax is a nice addition to the spring-
summer garden
Size: 1½ to 2 ft tall; flowering stalks to
3 ft 1-2 ft wide
Growth form: Short-lived perennial; sometimes
more like an annual Mounded clump with upright,
arching branches
Foliage: Gray-green to blue-green Leaves are ‘feathery’, delicate
looking Looks ‘woodsy’
Roots: longish tap-root; use a taller pot
© Project SOUND
The flowers are just enchanting….
Blooms: Usually May-Sept. in S. Bay Will bloom in second year after starting
from seed Long boom period – about 6 weeks
Flowers: Electric blue – difficult to photograph Typical flax flower; parts in 5’s Dozens of blooms on drooping branches Flowers open in sunlight, close at night Pollinated by bees and flies Nice butterfly plant
Seeds: Small, in papery capsule Poisonous eaten raw; cooked seeds add a
delicious taste to baked & cooked dishes Birds eat the seeds
Vegetative reproduction:
Plant sends up more branches each year – slightly spreading
Our native flax is just as pretty as the
non-native flaxes that most gardeners
plant
© Project SOUND
Treat Blue Flax like most
of our native annuals
Soils: Texture: light, well-drained soils are best pH: any local, including alkali
Light: Usually found in full sun in nature Does fine with part-shade
Water: Winter: regular winter water Summer:
Good cold and drought tolerance Tolerates anything from no summer water to
regular water; best to withhold water in late summer for good seed-set
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
Other: Weed control and removal of very competitive
species may improve chance of establishment To maintain tidy appearance, cut plants back
after bloom
Good self-seeder in most gardens; easy to remove unwanted plants
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Every garden needs a little Blue Flax
Lovely specimen plant in a pot; will trail over edges
Massed in a mixed bed with other wildflowers & grasses
In rock gardens
For erosion control or in a greenbelt for fire suppression
In a habitat garden – for bees, butterflies & seed-eating birds
Flax provided food, medicines and fiber for native Californians
© Project SOUND
Parching seeds
Use a heavy skillet (cast iron is great)
Heat a little oil in the skillet over low heat; no oil needed for well-seasoned skillets
Wipe out all but a thin layer of the oil
Pour in a thin layer of fully dry seeds
Keep seeds moving so they don’t burn
Remove from skillet when golden brown – some may pop
You can also parch seeds in the oven
http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/granado/images/basket.html
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/Buffalo/images/pf021841.jpg
© Project SOUND
http://deborahsmall.wordpress.com/page/3/
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Using parched seeds: limited only by your
imagination
To add flavor to baked or cooked items
Topping for bread On bland cooked vegetables On casseroles As a salad topper Etc.
Ground (alone or with other
seeds/spices)
Pinole Mush Beverages Biscuits & pancakes Etc.
http://plants.usda.gov/culturalinfo.html
http://www.allgauhotel.com/wiki/wiki_turkish_cuisine.html
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© Project SOUND
Clustered Tarplant – Hemizonia (Deinandra) fasciculata
Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
© Project SOUND
http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/dudleyl2.htm
CA and Baja
Dry coastal plains below 1000', coastal grasslands, vernal pools, disturbed areas, sage scrub, southern oak woodland
Often in sandy or clayey soils
Taxonomy –still evolving
Clustered Tarplant – Hemizonia (Deinandra) fasciculata
© Project SOUND
Characteristics of Clustered Tarplant
Size:
1-3 ft tall
1-3 ft wide
Growth form: Herbaceous annual
Shrubby habit; many branched
Foliage: Sparse, toothed leaves with
bristly hairs
Upper leaves narrow, in bundles
Aromatic
Produces a tarry substance
© 2006 Steven Thorsted
© Project SOUND
Flowers are a spot of gold in summer/fall
Blooms: Summer/early fall
Usually May-Sept. in local lowland areas
Flowers: Yellow sunflower heads
Few ray & disk flowers – Southern Tarplant (H. parryi ssp. australis) has more
Seem to float above the twiggy foliage
Seeds: Little ‘sunflower seeds’
Edible; parched or boiled – but very small
Re-seed nicely on bare ground
http://www.sdnhm.org/fieldguide/plants/dein-fas.html
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Encouraging native wildflowers: Native
California Wisdom
Many native annuals were valued as food plants (seed; greens)
Native annuals usually require light, spring moisture – little competition
Native practices: Scattering seed during
harvest (seed-beating) Burning in fall after harvest Clearing a ‘garden spot’ near
dwellings to raise commonly eaten plants
Weeding
http://www.hazmac.biz/080109/080109DeinandraFasciculata.html
© Project SOUND
Flavored vinegars are still quite popular…
http://i.pbase.com/g6/41/768841/2/83826488.7gqVevyu.jpg
© Project SOUND
You can make your own with native CA plants
© Project SOUND
Seasoning marinades & vinegars
Artemisia californica Artemisia dracunculus Bladderpod Native onions (Allium) Peppergrasses Salvias Even some of the berries/
fruits
Experiment to find the best
combinations. In general, stronger
flavors are best with red wine or rice
vinegars
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© Project SOUND
California Boxthorn – Lycium californicum
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/sdpls/plants/Lycium_californicum.html
© Project SOUND
California Boxthorn – Lycium californicum
A local endemic: S. CA coast, Channel
Islands into Baja CA
Western L.A. Co. and south
Washes and hillsides, coastal bluffs, coastal sage scrub, below 1500‘
In the nightshade family (with the Nightshades, tomatoes, etc.)
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7625,7636,7642
© Project SOUND
Right at home on
the bluffs…
Fine with salty soils, salt-spray, high winds & blowing sand
Habitat is disappearing – on CNPS ‘rare’ watch list
© 2004 Michael Charters
© Project SOUND
CA Boxthorn:
interesting or homely?
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/sdpls/plants/Lycium_californicum.html
http://www.newportbay.org/plants/califboxthorn.html
Size: 3-6 ft tall (occasionally to
10 or 12 ft tall)
4-8 ft wide (occasionally wider)
Growth form: Dense, woody shrub
Drought-deciduous
Ends of branches have thorns (hence ‘boxthorn’)
Foliage: Small, very succulent leaves
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Flowers are slightly
tomato-like
Blooms: Spring - usually Mar-June in S. Bay
Flowers: Small; < ½ inch
Green-white to somewhat purple tinged
Look like members of the nightshade family – yet unique
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/californiaboxthorn.html
© 2004 Michael Charters © Project SOUND
Using the fruit…think
‘tomato’
Fruits are firm and red when ripe – usually in summer
Birds will eat the fruits
Fruits are not sweet – more tart
Fruits can be dried for later use
Can be used to make a sauce that’s somewhat like a tomato sauce – see recipes
http://www.newportbay.org/plants/califboxthorn.html
Gerald and Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: any well-drained,
sand to clay, rocky
pH: any local
Light: Full sun to light shade
Water: Winter: needs winter rains
Summer: Very drought tolerant –
but loses leaves
Best Water Zone 2
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
http://www.newportbay.org/plants/califboxthorn.html
CA Boxthorn thrives on seaside
conditions; excellent for sea
bluffs
© Project SOUND
CA Boxthorn has a place in some CA
gardens…..
On seaside slopes
As a barrier plant or hedge
As an unusual – and rare – specimen plant
? as an interesting pot plant? – I’ll let you know
© 2004 Michael Charters
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© Project SOUND
Maybe you really wanted a sweet/tart
sauce….
© Project SOUND
Make nice, sweet/tart sauces & jellies
*Amelanchier alnifolia – Western Serviceberry
*Berberis/Mahonia species – Oregon Grapes
Opuntia littoralis – Coastal Pricklypear
Prunus ilicifolia – Catalina & Holly-leaf Cherries
*Prunus virginiana – Western Chokecherry
Rosa californica – CA Wild Rose
Sambuccus cerulea - Blue (Mexican) Elderberry
Vitis species – Native Grapes
© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium
© 2006 Louis-M. Landry
© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) aquifolium
Much of western N. America: Mexico to British Columbia
In CA: Mostly N. CA
Also mountains & foothills throughout Ca – locally in San Gabriels
Slopes, canyons, coniferous forest, oak woodland, chaparral
In the Barberry family
State flower of OR http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Berberis+aquifolium
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500223
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Oregon Grape: sized for the garden
Size:
3-8 ft tall
3-6 ft wide
Growth form: Evergreen shrub; medium-slow
growth
Stiff, upright branches; overall irregular or mounded form
Foliage: Very attractive – leaves ‘holly-like’
Shiny dark green above; may give red color in fall/winter
Overall – coarse texture
Roots: spreads via rhizomes
© Project SOUND
Soils: Texture: pretty much any
pH: any local
Light: Best in part-shade; can
take full sun to very shady
Water: Winter: likes water; can
take some flooding
Summer: best with some supplemental water – Zone 2 to 2-3 (even 3)
Fertilizer: likes a good organic mulch; renew yearly
Oregon Grape: not
demanding at all
© Project SOUND
Flowers are a cheerful sight
during rainy season
Blooms: winter/spring Usually Feb-Apr in S. Bay
Blooms for 3-4 weeks
Flowers: Bell-shaped & buttery
yellow
In dense clusters – very showy against the darker leaves
Honey-like fragrance
Seeds: Relatively large
© Project SOUND
Berries are tart but delicious
Can be eaten directly for a tasty zing!
Can be fermented with sugar to wine
Make nice, tart jellies – good with meats
Boil berries in soup to add flavor
Use to make sauces and marinades for ham, pork, chicken
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© Project SOUND
Oregon Grape is a
popular home shrub
foundation plant
mass plantings
shrub border
mixes well with other broadleaf evergreens
useful in shady spots
desirable for spring bloom, high quality summer foliage and blue fruit in fall
Yellow natural dye from roots & bark; also dye from berries
Medicinal uses: roots for various infectious conditions
© Project SOUND
Cultivar ‘Compactum’ (sometimes ‘Compacta’)
Smaller – 3’ by 3’
More mounded- bushy
http://www.intermountainnursery.com/demonstration_garden_list.htm
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/maaqc1.htm
© Project SOUND
You may know that CA Wild Rose hips make a nice jelly or syrup…
….but there are other members of the Rose family that are even better known for their tasty fruits
© Project SOUND
* Western Serviceberry – Amelanchier alnifolia
© 2007 Matt Below
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© Project SOUND
* Western Serviceberry – Amelanchier alnifolia
Mainly a plant of the Pacific Northwest, the midwest and western Canada – up to AK
In CA, mainly in the northwest, but…
Also, in the western San Gabriel mountains
Found on forested slopes, open rocky woods, cliff edges, prairies, or along side streams or lakes; also bogs and wet sites.
‘Serviceberry’ and ‘Juneberry’ refer to the time of bloom
http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/DENDROL
OGY/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=193
© Project SOUND
In the wilds, a shrub
or small tree
Size and shape very greatly depending on:
Available water
Available light
Snow pack
Growth season
http://www.malag.aes.oregonstate.edu/wildflowers/species.php/id-103
© Project SOUND
In the local mountains, Western
Serviceberry is an understory to pines
Often grows in the shade of the shade of larger trees
In Western San Gabriels
http://biology.csusb.edu/PlantGuideFolder/SanGabriels.htm
© Project SOUND
Western Serviceberry: very adaptable
Size: 6-15+ ft tall
6-10 ft wide
Growth form: Erect shrub/single or multi-
trunk small tree
Branches smooth with gray or red bark
Dense, but winter-deciduous
Medium/slow growing
Foliage: Medium to dark green
Leaves oval, toothed
Roots: spreads via rhizomes; also deep taproots
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=amal2
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© Project SOUND
Serviceberry is showy in bloom
Blooms: Spring: usually Apr-May
in Western L.A. Co.
Bloom period up to 1 mo.
Flowers: White; rose-like
In dense clusters; very showy
Fragrant (sweet)
Seeds: Like rose; propagate
similar to roses
© 2004, Ben Legler
© Project SOUND
But most folks like
the berries best
Ripen in summer
Dark blue-purple when ripe with white bloom – look like blueberries
Loved by berry-eating birds – you’ll probably have to outwit them!
Use just like a blueberry:
Eat fresh or dry Used in baked goods Use for sauces, syrups,
jellies, beverages, etc.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=amal2 http://www.malag.aes.oregonstate.edu/wildflowers/species.php/id-103
© Project SOUND
Serviceberry does well in the home garden
Soils: Texture: just about any
moderately or well-drained soil
pH: likes pH between 5.0-7.5
Light: Adaptable: part-sun best, but
can take full sun to quite shady
Water: Winter: like good soil moisture
Summer: best in Zone 2 to 2-3
Fertilizer: likes a good organic mulch like leaf litter
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
© Project SOUND
Serviceberry: a
garden favorite
Makes a great small tree for front yard or patio
Fine as a large shrub; dormant Dec.-Feb/Mar
Good choice for hedge, hedgerow or screen
Espalier along a wall
Can even trim to a medium groundcover
http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/White%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/amelanchier.htm
http://www.colostate.edu/Dept/CoopExt/4dmg/Trees/Shrubs/junebrry.htm
http://www.denverwater.org/cons_x
eriscape/xeriscape/garden2002.htm
l Leave some of previous year’s
growth as fruiting wood
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Serviceberry makes
great habitat
Cover & nesting
Nectar: Bess & other pollinators Butterflies: orange tip, CA
Hairstreak, western tiger swallowtail, spring Azure and elfin butterflies
Foliage: (note: poisonous if eaten in large quantities) Swallowtail, Elfin and other
butterfly larvae. Deer will browse
Fruit: Just about everyone loves it!
Lazuli Bunting in Serviceberry Bush
http://loriaull.wordpress.com/2008/07/12/western-serviceberry-amelanchier-alnifolia/
© Project SOUND
Uses for sweet/tart
jellies, syrups, sauces
On toast or muffins
On pancakes & waffles
On ice cream or cake
As a flavoring for hot & cold beverages
As a glaze or marinade for meats
As a condiment with ethnic dishes: Thai, Middle Eastern, Asian Indian
http://cache0.bigcartel.com/product_images/1630485/300.jpg
© Project SOUND
* Western Chokecherry – Prunus virginiana var. demissa
http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=23962
© Project SOUND
* Western Chokecherry – Prunus virginiana var. demissa
Western N. America from Mexico & TX to British Columbia
In CA, generally a plant of higher elevation foothills & mountains
Locally: San Gabriel Mtns – generally > 5000 ft.
Rocky slopes, canyons, scrub, oak/pine woodland, coniferous forest – generally as an occasional plant on N-facing slopes
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Prunus+virginiana+var.+demissa
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Chokecherry in
nature
Widely varied habitats that share:
Often soils are a little richer in terms of nutrients
A little extra moisture in winter
Some shade in summer: N-facing slopes
Under trees
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
© 2005 Steve Matson © Project SOUND
Size: 6-18 ft tall; variable –
depends on local conditions
15-20 ft wide; spreads via rhizomes
Growth form: Upright, multi-trunk large
shrub to small tree
Branches somewhat horizontal
Smooth red-gray bark
Often fairly open growth
Foliage: Leaves simple, medium green
Typical for Rose family; winter-deciduous
Chokecherry: another shrub in the Rose family
© Project SOUND
Flowers are fantastic!
Blooms: Spring: usually Apr-May
in S. CA
Flowers: Small, buff to white
rose-like flowers
In dense, drooping flowering stalks – very showy & distinctive
Sweet scent – reminiscent of almonds
Attract many pollinators, including butterflies
http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=23962
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/prunus-virginiana-demissa © Project SOUND
Fruits are prized…
Wonderful sweet-tart flavor for:
Jelly
Syrups & sauces
Fruit leather
Juice
Note: pits (seeds) are toxic if eaten raw; poison neutralized by cooking or drying
http://www.wildflower.org/gallery/result.php?id_image=23962
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© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: all but very heavy
clays
pH: not highly alkali (> 8.0)
Light: Full sun to fairly shady
Probably best with some shade
Water: Winter: needs good winter
rains; supplement if necessary
Summer: best with supplemental water (Zone 2 to 2-3; will sucker in Zone 3)
Fertilizer: likes an organic mulch (leaf mulch best)
Other: prune as needed; often best with little pruning
© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
© Project SOUND
Managing fruiting shrubs
in the Rose family
Pest management: Susceptible to Fire Blight & fungal
diseases
Practice good preventive measures (see last lecture handouts)
Pruning: Flowers/fruits on last year’s wood –
leave some if you want fruits
In general, best with minimum of pruning once general shape is established
Suckering: Will happen with watering
Plant accordingly; good candidates for mowed lawn area or someplace where they can just fill in
http://www.kansasforests.org/conservation/shrubs/chokecherry.shtml
http://www.stevenspoint.com/forestry/right_tree/11.html
© Project SOUND
Garden uses for
Chokecherry
Trimmed as a small tree
For hedgerows & screens
As a large accent shrub – pretty most of the year
For erosion control – good on slopes
Note: recommended only for colder gardens
http://www.landscapedia.info/images/plant_images/Prunus_virginiana_Canada_Red_.jpg
© Project SOUND
Make nice, sweet/tart sauces & jellies
*Amelanchier alnifolia – Western Serviceberry
*Berberis/Mahonia species – Oregon Grapes
Opuntia littoralis – Coastal Pricklypear
Prunus ilicifolia – Catalina & Holly-leaf Cherries
*Prunus virginiana – Western Chokecherry
Rosa californica – CA Wild Rose
Sambuccus cerulea - Blue (Mexican) Elderberry
Vitis species – Native Grapes
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© Project SOUND
Picking and cleaning the fruits can be messy
Pick only ripe fruits
Either strip fruits off branches or: Cut off individual clumps
(grapes; elderberries) Use a pair of tongs
(Pricklypear cactus)
Remove stems, flowers, other ‘non-fruit’ material
Wash fruit thoroughly – several changes of water is best
Remember: many of these fruits can stain http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3255/2875487011_70d4797e99.jpg?v=0
© Project SOUND
Simmer the fruits on low heat until they split
Use a deep, heavy pot
Barely cover fruit with clean water
Bring fruits to boil, then turn down heat
Simmer about ½ hour (varies with type/size of fruit)
Stir occasionally; fruit will split
Be sure to enjoy the wonderful aroma!!!
© Project SOUND
Strain the juice…then use it for jelly/syrup
Strain hot juice through a jelly bag or layers of cheesecloth
Best it you don’t squeeze bag (or only do so lightly); some jellies will become cloudy it squeeze small particles through
Use juice right away, or can refrigerate for several days before making jelly/syrup
© Project SOUND
Making jellies & sauces: really very easy
Use a good basic recipe – in handout.
If you’ve never canned, be sure you have all the needed equipment – and read in general about canning
Add sugar & lemon juice (to help it jell better)
Suggest use purchased pectin – may need to experiment with amount needed
Have fun: you can mix flavors, add to conserves, etc.
Enter your creation in the County Fair or other contest – you might just have a winner!
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We hope you’ll consider including some
native food plants in your yard
Blue Elderberry - Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea
© Project SOUND ‘Roger’s Red’ Grape – Vitis californica ‘Roger’s Red’
© Project SOUND
Chia Sage - Salvia columbariae © Project SOUND
Let’s go see what’s out there