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Natural products are going back to the future
Mohd. Murray HunterUniversity Malaysia Perlis
6th Malaysian International Agro-Bio Conference 2010
The Biotechnology Pyramid
Genomics
Fermentation
Micro-propagation
Mutagenesis
Thermodynamic Processes
Green Biotechnology Reframed
Disciplines
White Biotechnology
Red Biotechnology
Micro-organisms
Organic Products
Wind drift
Farm/Plantation
Soil Floor
Sub-Soil
Fertilisers, herbicides, insecticides
Leaf & organic decompositions
Sub-terrainium water
Sun
Climate & Weather
Cultivation
Propagation
Processing
EconomicProducts
Runoffs Surface water
Wastes Chemical residuals
Some wastes
recycled
Watershed runoffs onto farm/plantation
Atmosphere
Nitrogen, gasses, etc
Lakes Rivers Canals Oceans
Daylight hours UV radiation Temperature Humidity Rainfall
Conducive weather, or floods, droughts, etc
Regional Eco-System A Farm/Plantation as a System
Other Farms
Insects and pests
Genetic Biodiversity
Soil Surface
Rainfall (Moisture Source)
Organic Materials Phosphorous (P)
Sulfur (S)
Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen fixing bacteria In root system
Water (H2O)
Mineral Based Materials (Amphibole & Feldspar)
Calcium (Ca)
Potassium (K)
Magnesium (Mg)
Iron (Fe)
Carbon (C) Oxygen (O2) Hydrogen (H) Through
air in pores
Production Processes
Farm size & layout
Organisation & methods
Propagation
Cultivation
Processing
Marketing
Climate
Weather Rainfall Wind
Sunshine UV radiation Temperature
Humidity
Conducive weather Or
Floods, droughts, etc
Physical Environment
Soil Topography Atmosphere
Natural flora & fauna habitat Urbanisation
Suitability of conditions Pollution (air, land & water)
Labour sources Water resources
(create hinterland where farm part of)
Human Habitisation
Knowledge Suppliers & contractors
Pollution Attitudes and concerns
Resource inputs, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, machinery, research capabilities
Positive Inputs Water
Sunshine Nitrogen
Agricultural inputs Fertilizers etc Knowledge
Labour
Negative Inputs
Adverse physical conditions
Pests & diseases Pollution
Heavy metals
Business Environment
Markets Finance
Trade environment
Customers Financing &
various kinds of capital
Competition Low prices
Changing demand patterns
Government Infrastructure Regulation Taxes & subsidies
Trade environment
Research
Negative Outputs
Runoffs, wastes, carbon
Some recycling back to system
Positive Outputs
Products
Revenue flow back to system
An Agricultural Enterprise as a System
Green/Biological/Natural Minimum interventionalist
Linear/Industrial/Chemical Wild Harvest
Biodynamic Farming
Organic Farming
Chemical Free
Reduced Pesticide
Low Input
Sustainable Minimum Till
Conventional
High Input Chemical Intensive
Natural Farming
Traditional Farming
Biological Farming
THE OPERATION OF ORGANIC PHILOSOPHY (Fundamental Principals and Practices)
Objectives Soil Health & Fertility
Pest & Disease Management
Weed Management
Eco-system Biodiversity
Sustainability
Crop Rotation
Green Manure
Animal Manure
Cover Crops
Intercropping
Farmscape
Composting
Mulching
Buffers
Crop Rotation
Green Manure
Animal Manure
Cover Crops
Intercropping
Bio-control
Farmscape
Buffers
Crop Rotation
Green Manure
Animal Manure
Cover Crops
Mineral
supplements
Natural Fertilizers
Mulching
Composting
Tillage
Intercropping
Bio-control
Farmscape
Buffers
Crop Rotation
Green Manure
Cover Crops
Composting
Intercropping
Crop Diversity
Bio-control
Natural Pesticides
Sanitation
Tillage
Farmscape
Fire
Buffers
Crop Rotation
Cover Crops
Intercropping
Mulching
Flame Control
Natural Herbicide
Integrity
Buffers
Records
Certification
Improvement
Practices
Foundations
Site Selection
Conversion
Habitat Creation
Planning
Approximate Size of the World Organic Market 2008 (USD Billion) Fruit &
Vegetables, 12.9, 35%
Meat and Poultry, 1.5,
4%Dairy, 3.6, 10%
Bread & Grains, 4.5,
12%
Beverages, 3.6, 10%
Cosmetics, 6.5, 18%
Processed Foods, 3.9,
11%
Community Products
The Buy Local Movement
Carbon Miles
Ethical Products
Aveda The Body Shop
Sureco Hain Celestial
GroupEst. Sales USD120million
(1996)[58]USD619mil
(2006)
USD1.5Billion (2006)[59]
USD40Mil [60]
USD738Mil [61] (2006)
LocationEstablished 1978 1976 1999 1926Products Personal Care Personal Care Herbs Organic food
and cosmetics
Basic Philosophy To sustain the environment and
give back to communities
Social humanitarianism activism on many issues
Halal & Toyyibaan
Free of artificial
ingredients, Kosher foods
Ethics YesGreen Yes YesNatural Yes Yes YesOrganic Yes Yes YesCommunity Yes Yes
CulturalReligious/Spiritual Yes YesMode of Distribution Direct
Marketing/SalonRetail and e-Commerce
Direct Marketing
General distribution
Owner Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
L’Oreal Private Ownership
Listed company
Halal Products
Toyyibaan & Halal
• This day are (all) things good and pure made lawful unto you. The food of the people of the Book is lawful unto you and yours is lawful unto them. … If anyone rejects Faith, fruitless is his work, and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost (all spiritual good).
Al-Ma’idah5:5
• O you people! Eat of what is on earth, lawful and good; and do not follow the footsteps of the evil one, for he is to you an avowed enemy.
Al-Baqarah 2:168
• From the land that is clean and good, by the Will of its Cherisher, springs up produce, (rich) after its kind; but from the land that is bad, springs up nothing but that which is niggardly: thus do we explain the Signs by various (symbols) to those who are grateful.
Al-A’raf 7:58
• O ye who believe! Eat of the good things that We have provided for you, and be grateful to God, if it is Him ye worship.
Al-Baqarah 2:172
Markets Where the Islamic Population is the Dominant Group (Ranked by Muslim GDP at Purchasing Price Parity)
Rank Country Total Population
% Musli
m Population
Muslim Populatio
n
Muslim GDP USD
(PPP)
GDP Per Capita
USD (PPP)
1 Turkey 71,892,808 99% 71,173,879
879.12 B 12,900
2 Indonesia 237,512,352 88% 207,000,105
771.075 B
3,725
3 Iran 65,875,224 98% 64,557,719
737.94 10,624
4 Saudi Arabia 28,146,656 100% 28,146,656
564.6 B 23,243
5 Pakistan 172,800,048 97% 167,616,046
397.7 B 2,600
6 Egypt 81,713,520 90% 73,542,168
363.6 B 5,500
7 Algeria 33,769,668 99% 33,431,971
222.5 B 6,500
Markets Where the Islamic Population is a Minority Group(Ranked by Muslim contribution to GDP at Purchasing Price Parity)
Rank Country Total Population
% Muslim Population
Muslim Population
Muslim GDP USD (PPP)
GDP Per Capita USD
(PPP)
1 United States 303,824,640 3.5% 10,633,862 487 B 45,800
2 India 1,147,995,904
13.4% 153,831,451 415.3 B 2,700
3 Russia 140,702,096 10.5% 14,633,017 215.1 B 14,700
4 China 1,330,044,544
3.0% 39,901,336 211.5 B 5,300
5 France 64,057,792 7.5% 4,804,334 159.5 B 33,200
6 Germany 82,369,552 3.7% 3,047,673 104.2 B 34,200
7 Thailand 58,851,357 14.0% 8,239,190 65 B 7,900
The certified halal market is currently
estimated to be worth USD 400
Billion per annum
This represents around 20% of the World
population
Recent reports indicate that halal sales in the US are increasing around 80% per year, where a number of new retail outlets
specializing in halal products are opening up.
A&P, Loblaws, Food Basics and Wal Mart are
allocating space for halal products in their stores
Branding
A Malaysian Paradigm
EU is approximately 30% of the World Market for foodIt has great regulatory influence on the rest of the World
Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification Hazard Characterization Exposure Assessment Risk Characteristics
Risk Management
Risk Evaluation Option Assessment Option Implementation Monitoring and Review
Risk Communication Improve quality of consumer information To facilitate healthier food choice
Declaration of GMO Materials Nutritional Information Eliminate Misinformation Scientifically Substantiate
Claims
General Provisions
Personnel & Facilities
Seeds & Propagation
Materials
Cultivation, Soil & Fertilisation,
Irrigation
Harvest
Primary Processing
Packaging
Storage & Transport
Equipment
Documentation
Self Inspection
Quality Assurance
EurepGAP
The Muslim living as a minority in a non-Islamic society will have a
number of problems identifying what items are halal and haram
(forbidden in Islam), without product certification. For example,
gelatine, lard and tallow can be either in a halal or non-halal,
depending upon their source and method of processing. Cross
contamination is a major problem in stores and particularly
restaurants, where pork is also served.
Toyyibaan would also mean that agriculture must be undertaken
within sustainable practices, and in business, where things
should be done with good intentions.
“He hath subjected to you all that there is in the heavens and all that there is in the earth: All is from Him. Verily, herein are signs for those who reflect.” Al-Jathiyah 45:12
Halal, but is it Toyyibaan?
Haram (Those things prohibited by
Allah in the Al Qu’ran)
HACCP
GMP
Sustainable environment, community
& business
Community Benefit
Toyyibaan
Clean Healthy
Non-exploitive
Traceable
Supply Chain
Ethical
Diversified Halal Farms
Farmers’ marketsCOOP Market
Home Delivery
Gerai Delivery
Restaurant & Hotel Delivery
Many small suppliers that are customer
orientated
From the Muslim consumer standpoint; 1. Products must be produced without any forbidden
ingredients, 2. Products must be proved to be in the interests of the
consumers’ health and wellbeing, 3. Products must be clean and hygienic, have supply chain
integrity, 4. Products must benefit those who produced them, 5. Products must benefit the community they came from
and 6. Products and the materials that make up these
products must be traceable from the origin, to have total confidence.
The halal certification system must be widened to verify these issues
Although widely respected internationally
The present Halal Certification is only related to ingredients and processing environment
Essential Oil Production
Trading
Flavour & Fragrance
Compounding End Product Manufacture Wholesaler Retailer
Consumer
1.0 1.6 2-3.0 (6-9) 2-2.5 (18-24)
Relative and (Absolute) Value Added Through Chain
1.1-1.2 (19.8-28.8)
1.2-1.4 (23.76-40.32)
The Essential Oil Value Chain (Flavour & Fragrance Industry)
The Rural Crisis
Average age of farmers in Malaysia
Simplicity
Local Orientation
Moralistic
Realize the faults of the green revolution
Ethics
Nova Science Publishers
New York
Thank You