Nazi Germany: 1933-1945

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Treaty of Versailles Rhineland - 1936 Austria – Anschluss -1938 Sudetenland - Czech - 1938

Czech Refusal – Threat of War

Munich Conference September, 1938 France, Great Britain,

Germany Appeasement: Sudetenland

give to Germany Chamberlain and Churchill

German Expansion 1936-38

Nazi Aggression Continues

Czechoslovakia - 1939 Demand for Danzig

Germany City prior to WWI European Response

Great Britain & France Pledge to defend Poland

Nonaggression Pact Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact Germany and Soviet Union August, 1939 Secret Agreement - Poland

Word War II: 1939

Invasion of Poland September 1,

1939 German Pre-text Blitzkrieg

“Lightening War”

War Declared Allies: Great

Britain & France September 3,

Blitzkrieg in Poland Results

Polish Defenses Overwhelmed

Danzig falls on Sept. 7 Warsaw Capitulates Sept.

28 Opposition Ends on Oct. 6 65,000 Polish Troops Killed 100,000s

Wounded/Captured Phony War

German Conquests Grow

British & French Mobilize

German Conquests Denmark – April 1940 Norway – April 1940 Belgium, Luxembourg,

Netherlands – May 1940 Churchill

Prime Minister May 10, 1940

France Threatened

France & the Maginot Line

French Defense Maginot Line Static Defense Hinges on Luxembourg &

Belgium Fort Eban Emael – Belgium

French Invasion May 10 – May 22, 1940 Advance through Ardennes Bypass Maginot Line British Expeditionary Force

Maginot Line

Rescue at Dunkirk

May 26 - June 3, 1940 British and French Forces Halt of German Panzers Role of Luftwaffe

Operation Dynamo Rescue of Allied Forces 200,000 British troops 140,000 French troops

Great Britain Last European

Democracy

Dunkirk

"We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations.“ Winston Churchill

France Defeated

Occupied France

Occupied France Vichy France

Marshall Petain Collaboration French Navy French Resistance

Free French Eventually 400,000 General De Gaulle

De Gaulle and Petain

The German Reich: 1940

The Battle of Britain July 10 – Oct. 31, 1940 Prelude to Russia Operation Sea Lion

Planned Invasion of Great Britain

Sea-based Invasion Control of English

Channel Airpower

Luftwaffe & RAF Air Supremacy

Battle of Britain Battle for Air

Supremacy Over Great Britain Over English Channel

Luftwaffe Herman Goering Air Attacks & Bombing The “Blitz” – Cities

Great Britain Role of RADAR Role of RAF Retaining Pilots

Battle of Britain“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” Winston Churchill

The “Blitz”60,000 Killed 87,000 Injured 2 Million Homes Destroyed

America’s Response Disarmament after WWI

1939 – 18th in Military Power Depression Avoidance of European

Conflicts Opposition to Germany

Fascism Anti-Semitism German Aggression

Awe at Germany Charles Lindbergh Joseph Kennedy

“The Arsenal of Democracy”

Roosevelt Administration “Cash and Carry” 1939 50 Destroyers

99-Year Naval Leases

Election of 1940 Roosevelt vs. Willkie Isolationist Campaign

Lend-Lease Act - 1941 7 Billion in Weapons &

Supplies Extension to Soviet Union

Barbarossa: Sept. 22, 1941

Battle of the Atlantic German Strategy

Cut off British Supplies Attack All Shipping “Wolfpacks”

Initial Success 200 Ships Sunk – June

1940 Allied Strategies

Convoy System “Escorts” Intelligence Ship Production

Allied Cost of Battle 30,000 Merchant

Seamen 2,200 Merchant Ships 100 Allied Naval

Vessels Over 600 Allied Aircraft 3 Million Tons of

Shipping German Cost of Battle

510 U-Boats (2/3rds) 18,000 U-Boat Men

Battle of the Atlantic

The Atlantic Charter August 1941 American Neutrality Newfoundland

Churchill Roosevelt

War Aims Self-Determination Peace

Europe First Strategy

Japanese in the Pacific Japanese Expansion

Natural Resources China and Manchuria

Nationalism “Greater East Asia Co-

Prosperity Sphere” Tripartite Pact

September 26, 1940 Germany, Japan, Italy Axis Nations

Role of Military Role or Emperor

America and Japan Japanese Seizure of

French Indochina American Response

Free Japanese Assets Block Sale of Oil and Iron Demand Evacuation of

China and Indochina Japanese Response

U.S. as Threat in Pacific Diplomacy Eliminate U.S. Pacific

Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941

Failed Negotiations No Declaration of War Admiral Yamamoto’s

Plan Surprise Attack Shallow Running

Torpedoes Midget Submarines Destroy Pacific Fleet Give Japan Time Break American Will

Attack on the Philippines

Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor: Results U.S. Losses

18 Ships Sunk or Damaged

170 Aircraft Destroyed 3,700 Casualties

U.S. Reaction Panic on East Coast Anger

Declaration of War December 8, 1941 “Will live in infamy”

Japanese Expansion December 8, 1941

Philippines Attacked December 10

Guam Attacked December 11

Wake Island Landing

December 12 Luzon Landing

December 13 Hong Kong

Fall of the Philippines 22,000 American

Troops Lack of Supplies Fighting

Retreat to Corregidor Recall of Gen. McArthur

March 1942 “I shall return”

U.S. Surrender April 10, 1942 General Wainwright 11,000 U.S. Troops

Bataan Death March Bushido Geneva Convention Over 600 Deaths

70,000 Prisoners 10,000 Deaths Camp O’Donnel Cabanatuan

America’s Response Striking Back at

Japan American Morale Logistical Problems

Doolittle's Raiders 80 Men 16 B-25 Bombers Losses Morale Boost

Doolittle Raid: April, 1942

The Home Front

Mobilization 1940 Selective Training

& Service Act 1st Peacetime Draft 21-35 18-45 15 Million Americans

Serve Segregation

Wartime Economy Manufacturing

Arsenal of Democracy Factory Jobs – Pay North & Midwest War Production Board Office of War

Mobilization Citizens

Scrap Drives Rationing Office of War Information Taxes – Middle & Lower

Classes War Bonds

The War in Europe & Africa

A Desperate Situation Late 1941

Battle of the Atlantic Nazi Advances:

Greece Yugoslavia Soviet Union North Africa

Post Pearl Harbor Churchill & Roosevelt Reaffirm Atlantic

Charter Germany 1st

Soviet Union & China Join Allies in 1942

Soviet Union and China

Taking the War to Germany

1942 Battle of the Atlantic Long-Range Bombing

Night – RAF – Cities Day – AAF – Factories

Ground Offensive Soviet Needs Allied Plans

Where & When? France North Africa

• 3.4 Million Tons of Bombs

• 12,000 Heavy Bombers Lost

• Over 100,000 Killed

The Memphis Belle

North Africa The Suez Canal

Sept. 1940 Italian forces attack Egypt British counter

General Montgomery “Desert Rats”

German Reinforcement Afrika Corps General Erwin Rommel

“The Desert Fox” Battle of El Alamein Operation TORCH

Nov. 8, 1942 Afrika Corps Defeated - 1943

TORCH – Nov., 1942

HUSKY – July, 1943 Invasion of Sicily

“Soft Underbelly of Europe”

“Friendly” Losses General George Patton

Invasion of Italy September, 1943 Italian Surrender German Reaction

Rescue of Mussolini German Occupation

Anzio – January, 1944

D-Day: Operation Overlord

June 6, 1944 Allied Invasion of Europe Gen. Dwight D.

Eisenhower Supreme Allied Commander

23,000 Paratroopers 130,000 Landing Troops 195,000 Naval Support 2,000,000 Total Invasion

Force 9000 Casualties – 3000

Battle of the Bulge December 16, 1944

25 German Divisions “Last Ditch” Effort German Push to the Coast 77,000 American

Casualties Bastogne

101st Airborne General McAullife “Nuts”

Battle of the Bulge

VE Day May 8, 1945 Dresden, Feb. 1945 Operation Varsity

Crossing the Rhine Berlin

America or Soviet Union Soviet Advance to Berlin

Surrender Hitler’s Suicide The Holocaust Rebuilding

The “Cold War”

The Holocaust

The Pacific Theater Fighting in the Pacific

Admiral Chester Nimitz Commander of U.S. Navy

General Douglas McArthur Command of Troops

Breaking Japanese Code Battle of the Coral Sea

Loss of USS Lexington Battle of Midway

June 3-6, 1943 4 Japanese Carriers Lost

Island-Hopping Strategy Islands

Guadalcanal New Guinea Gilbert Mariana Marshall

Air Fields – Bombing Submarines

Advance in the Pacific Battle of Leyte Gulf

October 1944 Philippines McArthur’s Return

Island-Hopping Okinawa Saipan Iwo Jima

Kamikazes

Manhattan Project

Roosevelt’s Death Franklin D. Roosevelt

Elected to Four Terms 1933-1945 Vice-President

Harry S. Truman

Last Days Yalta Conference – Feb.

1945 April 12, 1945 Warm Springs, Arkansas

President Truman

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

VJ Day August 15, 1945

Nazi Germany: 1933-1945

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