NEMATHODENON SOIL

TRANSMITTED

BY: GROUP 4

CLASSIFICATION OF NEMATHODE NEMATHODE

INTESTINAL NEMATHODE

SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH

NON-SOIL TRANSMITTED

HELMINTH

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermiculari

s)

Trichinella spiralis

TISSUE NEMATHODE

Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis)

HISTORY, HOST AND DISEASE

Known since erst and many research take about their a biology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms.

Host : Human Disease : Enterobiasis/Oxyuriasis

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

• The parasite is cosmopolitan, but it is more often found in cold than hot area.• The parasite can also be transmitted through the relationship

between humans and in the accordance environment.

- THE FEMALE IS ABOUT 8-13 MM. THE ANTERIOR END : CUTICLE LIKE ALAE. - BULB ESOPHAGUS HAS DISTINCT, AND HAS A LONG TAIL. THE GRAVID FEMALE HAS TWO DISTENDED UTERI WHICH ALMOST FILL THE WHOLE BODY- THE MALE IS APPROXIMATELY 2-5 MM LONG- THE MALE HAS WINGS AND THE TAIL LOOKS LIKE QUESTION MARK (?)

Morphology

LIFE CYCLE

Infection Mature worms

gravid females Migrated to Perianal(pruritus

ani),infection in Children

intestinal ,and female reproductive tract(uterus and

fallopian tubes)

PATOLOGY

Clinical Symptomssymptoms of Enterobiasis are appetite loss, weight loss ,quick-tempered, insomnia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomit.

CLINICAL SYMTOMS

ANAL SWAB

DIAGNOSIS

CLINICAL SIGN &SYMPTOMS (itch in the perianal area at night)

LAB

DIAGNOSIS

ANAL SWAB

MEDICINAL TREATMENToMEBENDAZOLE EFFECTIVE AGAINST ALL STADIUMS OF

THE PINWORM DEVELOPMENT , WHILE PIRANTHEL AND PIPERAZIN GIVEN IN SINGLE DOSES NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST EGGS

oPYRANTEL PAMOATE EFFECTIVE BUT HAVE SIDE EFFECTS NAUSEA AND VOMITING.

oPIPERAZINE VERY EFFECTIVE WHEN DRINK WITH A GLASS OF WHITE WATER IN THE MORNING , WHICH DRUGS REACH IN THE CECUM AND THE COLON .

EPIDEMOLOGY Pinworms spread wider than the other worms.

Transmission of pin worms can occur In the family or group who live in the same neighborhood.

Inside the house, pinworm eggs can be found in the floor, table, chairs, sideboards , toilet sits, bathup , mattress, and clothes

The children 5-9 years old are susceptible to the enterobiosis disease.

PREVENTIVE

Nail should be always cut short

HYGENITAS .Hands washed before eating

Clothing and mattress pads should be washed and changed every day

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

HISTORY•Richard owen (1835) is the first to describe the larva of Trichinella in a human muscle.•The host of Trichinella spiralis are human, pig, dog, cat, bear, rat, etc.•Disease of Trichinella spiralis is Trichinelosis/ trichinosis/trichiniasis.

History, Host and Disease

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Cosmopolitan In Europe , USA and countries have the habit of eating pork cooked underdone

MORPHOLOGY

LIFE CYCLEHTTP;//WWW.CDC.GOV/PARASITES/TRICHINELOSIS/BIOLOGY.HTML

LIFE CYCLE

PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS• SEVERITY OF INFECTION CAUSED BY ADULT WORMS AND LARVAE• ADULT WORMS INVADE THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA INTESTINAL

SYMPTOMS SUCH AS ABDOMINAL PAIN, DIARHEA AND VOMIT.

• INTESTINAL SYMPTOMS INCUBATION PERIOD, 1-2 DAYS AFTER INFECTION.

• 7-28 DAYS LARVAE AFTER INFECTION SPREAD IN MUSCLE CAUSES SYMPTOMS OF THE PAIN MUSCLE (MYALGIA) AND INFLAMMATION MUSCLE (MYOSITIS) AND THE FEVER

Symptoms of larvae infestation depend on the organ: Puffiness around the eyes Joint pain Respiratory symptoms Heart defects

The patient will die within 2-3 weeks in case of severe infection (±5000 larvae tail/kg body heavy)

If the patient has a lung disorder, brain or heart, will die within 6-8 weeks

CLINIS

• At least three of the following six: fever, muscule soreness and pain, gastrointestinal symptoms , facial edema, eosinphilia and subconjunctival, subngual and retinal hemorrhages

LAB• Muscle biopsy• Cerology test e.g: Skin test and ELISA

EPID

• At least one of the following three : consumption of laboratory – confirmed parasitized meat,consumption of potentially parasitized products from a laboratory – confirmed infected animal epidemiological link to a laboratory – confirmed ,human casa by exposure to the same common source.

DIAGNOSA

ANTIHELMINTH DRUGS CAN HELP PREVENT THE PROGRESSION OF TRICHINELLOSIS BY KILLING

THE ADULT WORMS AND SO PREVENTING FURTHER RELEASE OF LARVAE. SEVERE CASES

Anti parasitic AlbendazolMebendazol

Steroid PrednisonePyrantel (Combantrine)

www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis

MEDICINAL TREATMENT

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

• Cook pork temperature 70oC cook until it is no longer pink inside. • pork cuts less than 6 inches thick can be rendered safe if frozen to

-17oC to 20 days -23.3oC for 10 days

THANK YOU