Post on 17-Mar-2020
transcript
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
Santanu Dasgupta Sr. Consulting Engineer – Service Provider Network Architecture
BOF Meeting – APRICOT 2015
3rd March, 2015
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APRICOT 2015 NFV BOF Outline
§ At APRICOT 2014, the NFV BOF meeting that I hosted was focused around some of the basic and introductory concepts of NFV
§ For APRICOT 2015, the focus area would be a few advanced topics § However, we can go back to some basics too – there is a section at the end of this slide § Please jump on with your top of the mind issues that you want to discuss
§ Need active participations from everyone
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APRICOT 2015 NFV BOF – Topics For Discussion § The State of Service Provider NFV and Major Use Cases
§ Data Plane Connectivity Models for VNFs / VMs to achieve high performance
§ Overlay Encapsulation in the DC for MPLS Operators
§ NFV Service Assurance
§ Service Chaining in NFV
§ Applicability of Linux Container Technology in NFV
§ The skillset evolution requirement for engineers
§ Other topics you want to discuss
§ NFV Introduction – as a placeholder
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The SP NFV Landscape and Major Use Cases § Top of mind for most / all Service Providers
§ Lot of expectations – § CAPEX & OPEX reduction § Agility with end-to-end automation and cloud centric service delivery models § Faster time to market for new services § Architecture transformation § Increased use of generic hardware and open source software, § Higher openness and standardization § Lets have a Reality Check Done with the folks in the meeting
§ Overall the state of technology and deployment at still in primitive stage
§ Major areas of focus § Cloud Centric Managed Services (Managed CPE, Security, VPN, Value Added Services…) § Virtualized Mobile Packet Core and Virtualized Gi-LAN § SP Infrastructure NFV (Virtual BRAS/BNG, Virtual RR, Virtual DNS, Virtual PE…) § Do you guys have any other major use case that is important to you?
Topic #1
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Data Plane Connectivity Models for VNFs / VMs
vSwitch
Tenant VM Tenant VM
KVM
NIC
Multi-tenanted vRouter / vSwitch
vSwitch
Tenant VM Tenant VM
KVM
NIC
Tenant VM Tenant VM § Multi-tenanted vSwitch (such as OVS) in kernel,
may be with additional extension to do routing § Performance may be typical concern § Other possible concerns – Fault tolerance,
kernel recertification needs …
§ High performance multi-tenanted vRouter/vSwitch in the user space
§ vSwitch in the kernel as patch panel for tenant VM connectivity
§ Concern – the vSwitch patch panel performance
Topic #2
Multi-tenanted vSwitch
vSwitch (as Patch Panel)
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Data Plane Connectivity Models for VNFs / VMs …contd
High Performance Multi-tenanted vRouter/vSwitch
Tenant VM Tenant VM
KVM
NIC
Tenant VM Tenant VM
vSwitch
Tenant VM Tenant VM
KVM
NIC
Multi-tenanted vRouter / vSwitch
vHost User
§ Move that high performance multi-tenanted vRouter / vSwitch in the kernel space
§ Remove the need of additional vSwitch as patch panel
§ But fault tolerance, other kernel related issues are back here in this model
§ Retain the high-performance multi-tenanted vRouter/vSwitch in the user space
§ Use vhost-user process for inter-VM traffic by direct memory copy – no hypervisor involved
§ Need to ensure proper memory copy operation to ensure security, stability etc
Topic #2
vSwitch (as Patch Panel)
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Data Plane Connectivity Models for VNFs / VMs …contd
vSwitch
Tenant VM Tenant VM
KVM NIC
Tenant VM Tenant VM
TOR Switch
802.1q
VXLAN / MPLSoGRE
SR-IOV
Tenant VM Tenant VM
KVM NIC
Tenant VM Tenant VM
TOR Switch
802.1q
VXLAN / MPLSoGRE
§ No multi-tenanted vRouter/vSwitch anymore § Use a TOR switch for VXLAN – VLAN mapping § Appropriate VLANs mapped to the VMs through
the vSwitch in the kernel
§ Scalable Layer 3 service chaining may be a challenge to implement
§ No vSwitch anywhere! § Use a TOR switch for VXLAN – VLAN mapping § SR-IOV to map the traffic from PNIC to the
appropriate VMs
§ Scalable Layer 3 service chaining may be a challenge to implement
Topic #2
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Encapsulation within the DC / NFV POD for MPLS Operators
vNAT vFW
VXLAN / MPLSoGRE / MPLSoUDP IP IP MPLS
vNAT vFW
MPLS (Segment Routing / LDP)
IP IP MPLS
Current Approaches
Possible Alternate ?
End-to-end common encap, uniform OAM, easy operations and troubleshooting But now, the DC/NFV POD underlay devices need to run label switching
CPE
CPE
PE DCI DCI
DCI DCI PE
Topic #3
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NFV Service Assurance A huge topic, but appeared to be on back burner for a long time
Service Level Management
Collection
NFVI
Performance Management Fault Management
Analytics Planning and Optimization
Operator’s Console, Dashboards Key Capabilities:
Key Capabilities:
Key Capabilities:
Key Capabilities:
Topic #4
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Service Chaining in NFV § Many thoughts across the industry and technical communities § Different solutions emerging –
§ Network Service Header (NSH) – being standardized at IETF § L3 Routed Service Chain (orchestrated) along with BGP for WAN integration § Segment Routing based service chaining § VLAN stitching
§ NSH gaining traction and has a lot of promise § Extensive metadata capabilities to carry rich set of policies § In-band OAM becoming a possibility – the IP and Ethernet generation had missed it so far § However some feedback are coming around its complexity § True benefit of NSH may require all VNFs to support it across industry
• There may be some issue with time to market, performance impact etc.
Topic #5
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Service Chaining with Remote DC & Across Multiple Sites Layer 3 and BGP Capabilities are Critical (MPLS Environment)
POD 2/DC 2 Underlay
R2 R4
PE2 PE3
2.2.2.0/24 4.4.4.0/24
SDN Controller
RT 2:200 RT 4:400
Import 2:200 Import 4:400
4.4.4.0/24, via PE3
Route Leak with modified NH
Impo
rt 4:
400
VRF_A1 VRF_A2
VRF_A1 VRF_A2
VRF_A VRF_A
For Outgoing traffic from Server: 2.2.2.0/24, via DCI, Label 100 4.4.4.0/24, via DCI, Label 200
For Incoming traffic to Sever: 2.2.2.0/24, via VIF2, Label 300 4.4.4.0/24, via VIF1, Label 400
vSwitch
Out
In
vFW2
VIF1
VIF2
vSwitch
In
Out
vFW1
VIF2
VIF1
POD 1/DC 1 Underlay
SDN Controller
VRF_A1 VRF_A2
VRF_A1 VRF_A2
IP/MPLS
4.4.4.0/24, via vPE-F 2
DCI2 DCI1
4.4.4.0/24, via DCI2
Impo
rt 2:
200
Route Leak with modified NH
4.4.4.0/24, via vSwitch
4.4.4.0/24, via DCI1
2.2.2.0/24, via PE2
2.2.2.0/24, via vPE-F 1 2.2.2.0/24, via DCI1
2.2.2.0/24, via vSwitch
For Outgoing traffic from Server: 2.2.2.0/24, via DCI, Label 100 4.4.4.0/24, via DCI, Label 200
For Incoming traffic to Sever: 2.2.2.0/24, via VIF2, Label 300 4.4.4.0/24, via VIF1, Label 400
2.2.2.0/24, via DCI2
Topic #5
BGP RR
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NSH May Help Simplify This With Decoupling of Service & Transport Layer
POD 2/DC 2 Underlay
R2 R4
PE2 PE3
2.2.2.0/24 4.4.4.0/24
SDN Controller
RT 2:200 RT 4:400
VRF_A2
VRF_A VRF_A
vSwitch
vFW2 vFW1
vSwitch
POD 1/DC 1 Underlay
SDN Controller
IP/MPLS
DCI2 DCI1
4.4.4.0/24, via PE3 2.2.2.0/24, via PE2
Classifier: If <policy-match> -> PathID 10, SI 3 PathID = 10 -> vFW1, vFW2 vFW1 NH vSwitch
4.4.4.x NSH 10, 3
4.4.4.x NSH 10, 3
4.4.4.x NSH 10, 2
vPE-F1
vPE-F1
vPE-F2 4.4.4.x NSH 10, 2 vPE-F2
4.4.4.x
BGP RR
Topic #5
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Linux Container Technology in NFV
§ Linux Container and/or Docker like technologies are gaining a lot of traction in the virtualization space
§ Can help address some performance concerns
§ Security issues associated with Container in a multi-tenanted environment ?
§ How to containerize § Network Function by Network Function ? § Or a whole Virtualized Product (OS) ?
Topic #6
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NFV – How to build / Augment Operations skillsets
• Most existing technologies, protocols and associated skills are equally required • On top of that, there are needs for acquisition of New Skills • x86 Server Virtualization
• Virtualization on Linux (and KVM/QEMU) Environment • Cloud Orchestration Systems – such as OpenStack
• Virtual Switches – OVS, Netmap/VALE, Snabbswitch, Vendor Specific etc
• SDN Controllers – OpenDayLight, Vendor Specific • Device Programmability and APIs – NETCONF, Yang, RESTCONF, REST APIs, OF….
• Service Function Chaining – specially NSH (Network Service Header)
• Network based Virtual Overlay transport – VXLAN, MPLSoGRE/UDP, LISP, L2TPv3….. • Automation Tools – puppet / chef etc.
• Management, Orchestration, OSS Fundamentals,
• …..
Topic #7
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Open Forum For Other Topics That Are on Top of Your Mind
Topic #8
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NFV Introduction Placeholder
Topic #9
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“Network Functions” in SP Network Architecture Landscape
LTE
Smartphone
Access
xDSL
WiFi
Smartphone
PC
RNC 2G 3G
Ethernet CE
NodeB
eNodeB
AP
Small Cell FAP
Gateways / Service Edge
OSS/BSS
Subsystems and Control
Data Plane Voice Video Data
Core Network Infrastructure
IMS
xDSL HFC
PGW SGW
2/3G GGSN
2/3G SGSN
MME
ePDG
eWAG
PE
Metro Network Infrastructure
NAT FW IPSec
DPI CGN Caching
Opt
MSC-S MGW
A-SBC I-SBC
BGCF
MGCF
PS / RLS
DRA
Video ingestion
DRM
Video Network
EMS Provisioning Analytics Billing
Radius
DNS
DHCP
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
Trans- coding
Cache Control
Policy
Parental control
HLR
HSS
ENUM
TAS SMS-C
Services
OCS MMS-C HCS RMS
xDSL DSLAM DSL/ FTTX BNG
Core Routing
Metro Ethernet
Biz CPE
Consumer CPE
Cable Modem CMTS
Capacity Planning
WLC
SecGW
HNB-GW
Policy
SDN Controller
BGP server
Metro Ethernet
Data Center Core and Data Center Network Infrastructure
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Virtualization of “Network Functions”
Existing Hardware / Appliance based Network Functions (NFs)
Virtualized NFs running as VM on x86 Server Platform
Step 1: Decouple software from underlying hardware
Step 2: Port it as a VM on
x86 Server platform running as a Network Function
Ethernet Switches
Storage
Hypervisor
FW Routing DPI LB
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Telco Service Providers
$$
$$
Service Consumers
Enterprises
Public Sector
Consumer
$$ $$
Cloud / OTT Service Providers
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
OTT $$
many networks,
technologies and systems
massive growth of IP traffic
$ $$
$$
$$
$$
converged and private networks
PPPoE
IPv4IPv6
MPLS
MPLS-TPOTNDWDMATMSDH xGE
tunnel
VPN
MP-BGP ISIS/OSPF
MPLS-TEDHCP
EOAM IPOAM
LACP
SNMP
CLI XML
t
revenue
cost
$
1. Lean & Agile OTT players with economies of scale
2. Highly-‐automated operaEons 3. Fast-‐paced innovaEon
1. Complex and silo’d networks 2. High cost to operate 3. Lack of agility, huge Eme required to create new services 4. ExponenEal growth of bandwidth
1. User Experience 2. Cloud Centric
ConsumpEon Models / Pay-‐as-‐you-‐go
Need to Understand SP Challenges to realize Why NFV
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SP’s Expectations from NFV
§ NFV will help them to reduce cost (TCO)
§ NFV will bring the much needed agility in the Service Creation & delivery process
§ On-boarding a new service will be much easier with NFV
§ SP’s can now afford to go wrong – decommissioning a failed service wont be expensive
§ Services now can be scaled up and down elastically
§ NFV will help drive more Openness and Standardization
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§ NFV – It is a Service Provider driven Initiative. § Initiative announced at “SDN and OpenFlow World Congress”, Darmstadt, Oct 2012 § Industry Specification Group (ISG) group within ETSI
§ Not defining standards -deliver white papers and liaising with standards bodies
§ First ETSI meeting was held in January, 2013
§ Technically not related to SDN, conceptually different § But may utilize SDN concepts – Programmability, Orchestration
§ Type of network function mostly determine where virtualization makes sense § Careful analysis is required on Network Function by Network Function
NFV = Transition of network infrastructure services to run on virtualised compute platforms – typically x86
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Initiative
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Key Factors To Determine Potential Virtualization Targets
Packet / Data Plane Performance Requirements
Control Plane Performance Requirements
Deviation from Standard Server build (e.g. interface type, density)
Economics of On-boarding if Virtualized
Power Efficiency requirement of the System
Development, Ease of Integration, Service Elasticity Needs
1
2
3
4
5
6
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The Fundamental Electrical Building Blocks
General Purpose Processors (x86, ARM, PPC) • Wide range of capabilities (including packet processing) • Evolving multi-core capability (10+ processors per die) • Support virtualization and easy to program
Network Processor Units (NPUs) • Designed for flexible packet processing • Multi-threaded (100s) / n/w acceleration / integrated memory • Programmable in high level languages
Fixed function ASICs • Very low cost • Integrated s/w, very efficient but relatively inflexible
All based on CMOS technology – All subject to Moore’s Law
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Characteristics of Network Elements
High Capacity Plumbing: (L0-3 : e.g. IPv4/v6, MPLS, VPNs, ACLs, optical devices …) • High throughput / BW • Many flows needing isolation, significant traffic management needed • Stateless functions • Mostly predictable traffic • Interface-specific functions (2-stage forwarding)
Network Services: (L4+ : e.g. DPI, vFW, CGN, DDOS, BNG, mobility, …) • Throughput - varies • # of flows (traffic management) – varies • Stateful functions • Unpredictable traffic • No i/f-specific functions
Low compute + High BW è Good fit for NPU è Poor fit for x86/CPU
Poor fit for x86/CPU
Good fit for x86/CPU Yes (%)
No (%)
High Compute + Low BW
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Business CPE
Service Appliances
(L4-L7)
Core Backbone Routing, CE Access-Aggregation
and DC switching
Wireline GWs
Home CPE
Wireless GWs
Network Functions – Requirements & today’s approaches
CPU Reqs
0 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps 100Gbps 1Tbps 10Tbps 100Tbps 1Pbps
High
Low
Distributed: CPUs + Lots of NPUs
Distributed: Lots of CPUs + NPUs
Centralized: CPU + NPU
CPU
Centralized: CPU or SoC
Variable CPU / FPGA / NPU
OSS/BSS, subsystem and N/W control
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Mapping Back to the Service Provider Landscape
LTE
Smartphone
Access
xDSL
WiFi
Smartphone
PC
RNC 2G 3G
Ethernet CE
NodeB
eNodeB
AP
Small Cell FAP
Gateways / Service Edge
OSS/BSS
Subsystems and Control
Data Plane Voice Video Data
Core Network Infrastructure
IMS
xDSL HFC
PGW SGW
2/3G GGSN
2/3G SGSN
MME
ePDG
eWAG
PE
Metro Network Infrastructure
NAT FW IPSec
DPI CGN Caching
Opt
MSC-S MGW
A-SBC I-SBC
BGCF
MGCF
PS / RLS
DRA
Video ingestion
DRM
Video Network
EMS Provisioning Analytics Billing
Radius
DNS
DHCP
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
Trans- coding
Cache Control
Policy
Parental control
HLR
HSS
ENUM
TAS SMS-C
Services
OCS MMS-C HCS RMS
xDSL DSLAM DSL/ FTTX BNG
Core Routing
Metro Ethernet
Biz CPE
Consumer CPE
Cable Modem CMTS
Capacity Planning
WLC
SecGW
HNB-GW
Policy
SDN Controller
BGP server
Metro Ethernet
Data Center
No Appeal
No Appeal
High
Appeal
High Appeal
Depends
High A
ppeal
Very High Appeal
High Appeal No
Appeal
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The Role of SDN and Orchestration Partial list, just a few main ones are mentioned here
Ethernet Switching Network Underlay
Hypervisor Hypervisor Hypervisor
NAT Firewall DPI
Orchestration and SDN Control Function
Storage
Server 1 Server 2 Server 3
Firewall DPI
VM / VNF Lifecycle Management in
End-to-end manner
Network Plumbing to orchestrate
dynamic topologies
Configuration Management of the VNFs
Integration with Other DC/POD And the WAN
OAM, Assurance, Analytics
Standard APIs
NAT
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Computing Hardware
Storage Hardware
Network Hardware
Hardware resources
Virtualisation Layer
Virtualised
Infrastructure Manager(s)
VNF Manager(s)
VNF 2
Orchestrator
OSS/BSS
NFVI
VNF 3
VNF 1
Execution reference points Main NFV reference points Other reference points
Virtual Computing
Virtual Storage Virtual Network
NFV Management and Orchestration
EMS 2
EMS 3
EMS 1
Service, VNF and Infrastructure Description
Or-Vi
Or-Vnfm
Vi-Vnfm
Os-Ma
Se-Ma
Ve-Vnfm
Nf-Vi
Vn-Nf
Vl-Ha
NFV Reference Architecture from ETSI NFV ISG
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Major Service Providers Driving the ETSI NFV ISG
* Partial List
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NFV Use Cases
• Simple ones – Virtualized Route Reflector • Virtualized CPE for Business VPN services • Virtualized Mobile Packet Core • Virtualized Managed Services (CPE, FW, UTM…..) • Virtualized Home CPEs • Virtualized Gateways (BRAS, BNG, mobile gateways, Wi-Fi gateways) • ….
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Metro&and&Access& Core&&&Edge&&CPE& Data&Centers&
vPE-F
VNF Instances
vPE-F
VNF Instances
VNF VNF VNF VNF
DCI
DCI
Servers Storage
Bare Metal Workload
PE
DCI
DCI PE
Web VM DB VM
FW WAAS
vCPE
vFW
vWAAS L2 NID Backhaul
End-to-End Orchestration
Metro&and&Access& Core&&&Edge&&CPE& Data&Centers&
vPE-F
VNF Instances
vPE-F
VNF Instances
VNF VNF VNF VNF
DCI
DCI
Servers Storage
Bare Metal Workload
PE
DCI
DCI PE
Web VM DB VM
FW WAAS
vFW
vESA
vWAAS L3 CPE /
vCPE
Backhaul
End-to-End Orchestration
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Business VPN CPE in a Overlay Transport Model
Cloud IPVPN with FW and Remote Access to Internet § vFW with NAT and Policy § vFW with IPSec/SSL Remote Access
including Remote End-Host posture verification
CPE
CPE
CPE
Internet Router vFW
SP CLOUD Internet
Cloud-Hosted Management Scalable, elastic, on-demand
Overlay Packet Tunnels § Keyed IPv6 tunnels - mesh, hub&spoke; § IPSec tunnels – mesh, hub&spoke if
keyed IPv6 tunnels not supported;
VR
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Where to Place the VNFs ?
§ Candidate location types in the network – § Centralized Data Centers à Easier to manage
§ Fully Distributed – POP’s, Edge / Anchor Points / Peering locations à Higher scale & performance § Hybrid – Mix of the above
§ Some factors that may need to be considered here – § The Use Case to deploy the VNFs § Cost of transporting traffic across core § Network Architecture / design § Chance of Sub-optimal routing, impact on SLA (e.g. delay) § Management Ease vs. Scalability
Metro&and&Access& Core&&&Edge&&CPE& Data&Centers&
vPE-F
VNF Instances
vPE-F
VNF Instances
VNF VNF VNF VNF
DCI
DCI
Servers Storage
Bare Metal Workload
PE
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Metro&and&Access& Core&&&Edge&&CPE& Data&Centers&
vPE-F
VNF Instances
vPE-F
VNF Instances
VNF VNF VNF VNF
DCI
DCI
Servers Storage
Bare Metal Workload
PE
DCI
DCI PE L2 Backhaul
vCPE
vCPE
Metro&and&Access& Core&&&Edge&&CPE& Data&Centers&
vPE-F
VNF Instances
vPE-F
VNF Instances
VNF VNF VNF VNF
DCI
DCI
Servers Storage
Bare Metal Workload
PE
DCI
DCI Web VM DB VM
FW WAAS
L2 Backhaul
Web VM DB VM
FW WAAS
vCPE
vCPE
Metro&and&Access& Core&&&Edge&&CPE& Data&Centers&
vPE-F
VNF Instances
vPE-F
VNF Instances
VNF VNF VNF VNF
DCI
DCI
Servers Storage
Bare Metal Workload
PE
DCI
DCI PE
vCPE
vFW
vWAAS L2 NID / L2 Backhaul
Web VM DB VM
FW WAAS
Cen
traliz
ed
Higher Traffic Across Core Sub-optimal routing Higher e2e delay
Better performance / scale More Complex to manage
Better performance / scale More Complex to manage
Dis
tribu
ted
Dis
tribu
ted
with
S
ervi
ce C
hain
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NFV – How to build / Augment Operations skillsets
• Most existing technologies, protocols and associated skills are equally required • On top of that, there are needs for acquisition of New Skills • x86 Server Virtualization
• Virtualization on Linux (and KVM/QEMU) Environment • Cloud Orchestration Systems – such as OpenStack
• Virtual Switches – OVS, Snabbswitch, Netmap/VALE, Vendor Specific etc
• SDN Controllers – OpenDayLight, Vendor Specific • Device Programmability and APIs – NETCONF, Yang, RESTCONF, REST APIs, OF….
• Service Function Chaining – specially NSH (Network Service Header)
• Network based Virtual Overlay transport – VXLAN, MPLSoGRE/UDP, LISP, L2TPv3….. • Management, Orchestration, OSS Fundamentals
• …..
Thank you.