11

Networking: TermsNetworking: Terms

DomainDomainDownloadDownloadUploadUploadtraceroutetraceroutepingpingWAN/LANWAN/LANFTPFTPEncapsulationEncapsulation

PacketPacketRouterRouterTCP/IPTCP/IPDNSDNSBandwidthBandwidthBaudBaudKBKBMbpsMbps

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TermsTermsPacket – Collection of data at the “network” or IP layer.

Router – A device that uses IP address to move data from one computer to another. A router also identifies the optimal path for network traffic and “routes” or directs packets down that path.

TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol – These are communication standards that enable information to move across a network from one computer to another.

DNS – Domain Name System. A system of software & hardware that translates a domain name (friendscentral.org) to an IP address. See resolver below.

Resolver – Software that uses the DNS to translate a server name into an IP address. (www.friendscentral.org 65.61.134.112)

Bandwidth – Number of bits that pass through a given network interface in a given period of time.

baud rate – A measurement in bits/second

KB – Kilobyte – 1000 Bytes

Mbps – Megabit One Million bits

Top-level Domain – Highest level name server in the DNS (.com, .org ,.gov .edu, etc)

Download – Save data from a remote server to local machine

Upload – Place data from local machine onto a remote server

traceroute – Software utility that traces the path packets take to get to their destination

ping – Software utility that tells you how long it takes packets to reach their destination

WAN – Wide area network (Internet)

LAN – Local area network (FCS Lab)

FTP – File Transfer Protocol

Encapsulation – Process of adding more and more data to a network data transmission. Encapsulated data enables your messages to get to the right machine in the right order.

33

Internet TimelineInternet Timeline

DarpaNet1969

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Networking - AddressingNetworking - Addressing URLURL

http://www.friendscentral.org/default.asp

mfedder@friendscentral.org

E-MailE-Mail

Service Name File NameServer Name

Mailbox Name Top-Level DomainDomain Name

Domain Name Top-Level Domain

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Networking – DomainsNetworking – Domains

Domain HierarchyDomain Hierarchy

66

Networking – DomainsNetworking – Domains

65.61.134.112

http://www.friendscentral.org

org

org

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Networking - TypesNetworking - TypesNode

88

Networking - InternetNetworking - Internet

1

2

3 54

““Network of Networks”Network of Networks”

99

Networking – RoutingNetworking – Routing

2

3 4 5

6

Google1

FCSSingle Point of Failure

Router – A device that uses IP address to move data from one computer to another. A router also identifies the optimal path for network traffic and “routes” or directs packets down that path.

1010

Networking – Communication StackNetworking – Communication Stack Open Systems InterconnectionOpen Systems Interconnection

1111

Networking – Data Networking – Data EncapsulationEncapsulation

Data:

Network:

Name, Address, Phone, Visa, 0231234490987111

Transport:

TCP info Name, Address, Phone, Visa, 0231234490987111 TCP info

TCP info Name, Address, Phone, Visa, 0231234490987111 TCP infoAddress Address

“Segment”

“Packet”

How Many Packets?What Order?

Who sent me?

Where do I go?

Transmission Control Protocol

Internet Protocol

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Address

Router Router

Internet

Hub

TCP info TCP infoAddress AddressDATA

Networking – Packet TransmissionNetworking – Packet Transmission

Data Data EncapsulationEncapsulation

TCP info TCP info Address

“Packet”

DATA

DATA

Hub

SOURCE

DESTINATION

“Segment”