WRITING RESEARCH PROPOSAL

SANJAY CHANDWANIM.A.(EDU), M.A. (ENGLISH), M.Phil (EDU), B.Ed., DISM, PhD (Education Pursuing), UGC NET (Education)

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,   But I have promises to keep,   And miles to go before I sleep,   And miles to go before I sleep.

MEANING OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A research proposal is a document written by a

researcher that provides a detailed description of

the proposed program. It is like an outline of the

entire research process that gives a reader a

summary of the information discussed in a project.

Research refers to a search for knowledge

Research means a scientific and systematic search for

information on a specific topic

In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation.

The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions

through the application of scientific procedures

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Any research study should have a proper

proposal in written form before it is

actually carried out

It is like a blue print of a building plan

before the construction starts

Writing a research proposal is both

science and art

A good research proposal is based on

scientific facts and on the art of clear

communication

Writing a formal research proposal should

be started by the time one has decided on

the topic for the study

CONTENT OF THE PROPOSAL

Introduction of the Problem Significance of the problem Statement of the Problem Objectives of the study Hypotheses Delimitations of the study Design of the study Sampling Frame Sample Size Sample Area Sampling Technique References

Sampling

Introduction of the Problem

It includes introduction of the variables along

with the conceptual framework which has

been taken up for the research problem. It

also includes reference of literature to

mention the gaps in research pertaining to

the present problem and directs to extract

the significance of the problem.

Significance of the problem

HOW YOUR RESEARCH WILL  CONTRIBUTE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE ?

HOW YOUR RESEARCH WILL STAKEHOLDERS?

HOW IT CAN BE USEFULL FOR CHANGE ?

Statement of the Problem

The problem is to be stated in detail giving the operational definitions of the technical terms used in the study

Objectives of the study

This is a very important and pivotal section and everything else in the study is centered around it

Objectives of the study - are to be clearly defined keeping in mind the significance of the study and avoiding duplicity and monotony (lack of variety and interest; repetition) in them.

The objective stated should be specific, achievable and measurable.

Too many objectives to be avoided. Even just one clearly stated relevant

objective for a study would be good enough.

If there is more than one objective the objectives can be presented in the appropriate order of importance.

Hypotheses

Hypotheses are to be formulated on the basis of objectives and review of literature and present them along with the justification or anticipated values of each of them.

Delimitations of the study - are to be mentioned.

DESIGN OF THE STUDY/METHOD AND PROCEDURE /RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

In the procedure adopted for carrying out the work i.e in research design, clearly mention the method and criterion of formation of different groups are to be given. Procedure can be given in descriptive or tabular form. The sampling design should include the following

Sampling Frame Sample Size Sample Area Sampling Technique Rather than giving separate information

under each sub-head, which makes it overlapping, it is advisable to present the whole information integrated in one or two paragraph(s) under the broad heading “Sampling”

Sampling

HOW TO WRITE ABOUT SAMPLING FOR e.g.

HOW TO WRITE REFERENCES / BIBLOGRAPHY

Give reference of each and every

author/institution which has been quoted

in any Chapter in the suggested pattern.

Maintain uniformity in the pattern in all

references.

Arrange references in alphabetical order

FORMAT OF REFERENCE Book, one author McKibben, B. (1992). The age of missing

information. New York: Random House. Book, multiple authors Larson, G. W., Ellis, D. C.,& Rivers, P. C.

(1984). Essentials of chemical dependency counseling. New York: Columbia University Press.

Edited book (editor in place of author) Inness, S. A. (Ed.). (1998). Delinquents and

debutantes: Twentieth-century American girls’ cultures. New York: New York University Press.

Edited book, multiple authors (editor in place of authors)

Moriarty, L. J., & Carter, D. L. (Eds.). (1998). Criminal justice technology in the 21st century. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.

Article or chapter in an edited book

Hartley, J. T., Harker J. O.,& Walsh, D. A. (1980). Contemporary issues and new directions in adult development of learning and memory. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980s: Psychological issues (pp. 239-252). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Article in a journal Berkerian, D. A. (1993). The ADA and the

hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.

Citing articles in monthly periodicals Chandler-Crisp, S. (1988, May) "Aerobic

writing": A writing practice model. Writing Lab Newsletter, pp. 9-11.

Citing articles in weekly periodicals Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). On films:

Class consciousness. The New Republic, p.30. Article in a Popular Magazine Caloyianis, N. (1998, September). Greenland

sharks. National Geographic, 194, 60-71. Article in a Newspaper (Discontinuous

pages) Von Drehle, D. (2000, January 15). Russians

unveil new security plan. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A21.

Web sites/pages

Trapp, Y. U. (2005). Multiple intelligences: The learning process in our students. Retrieved July 1, 2006, from Yale University, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Web site: http:// www.yale.edu/ ynhti/curriculum/ units/2001/6/01.06.10.x.html