No Mercy Ful

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Close bosom-friend of the maturing

sun;

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With fruit the vines that round the thatch-evesrun;

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To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees ,

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And fill all fruit with ripeness to thecore;

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To swell the gourd, and plump the hazelshells

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For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammycells.

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Who hath not seen thee oft amid thstore "

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Sometimes whoe!er seeks abroad mafind

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Thee sitting careless on a granarfloor,

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Th hair soft-lifted b the winnowingwind

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#r on a half-reap$d furrow soundasleep,

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%rowsed with the fume of poppies, while th hook

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Spares the ne&t swath and all its twin dflowers(

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And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

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r by a cyder-press! with patient loo"!

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Thou watchest the last oozings, hours bhours)

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Where are the songs of Spring" A , where arethe "

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Think not of them, thou hast th music too,*

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Among the river-sallows! borne

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Among the river-sallows! bornealoft

i "i h li h i d li

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r sin"ing as the light wind lives ories;

sinking

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And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hill bourn;

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+edge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

The redbreast whistles from a garden-

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The redbreast whistles from a gardencroft;

n ga er ng swa ows w er n e

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g gskies)

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!er thing ou Wanted to .now

About Writing Async,Concurrent HTTP Apps

in Java

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Agenda

/ostl this(

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Agenda

And this(

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Agenda

And this(

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About our speaker

@ j b a r uc h

g i t h u b .c o m / j b a r u c h

lin !.in/jbaruch

stac over"o#.com/users/$%&%'(

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What 0rog"

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What 0rog"

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What 0rog"

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)e*uirements

+ parallel le -o#nloa!s+ Parallel le parts+ interrupt/pause/resume+ Progress events+ Chec sums caching

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0irst Association for 1concurrent

downloader2

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3 k d ( % l d

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3uck da ( %ownload managerwritten in 4a!a5

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et s loo i0 #e can use it1

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et s loo i0 #e can use it1

2. 3o traceable license

&.3o #ebsite or !ocs(. 3o traceable sources

$. 4t s an app, not a lib

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Java.net.urlconnection

2. 5emory #aste0ul 6bu7ering8&. 5inimal AP4

(. 9loc ing streams

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What #e re loo ing 0or

2. Async/non:bloc ing&. ;vent callbac s

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What is 4T going to ta e

2. )eactor&. nio

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+ pattern 0or light#eight

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concurrency

+ ;vent !riven

+ Threa!s reuse

+ <ses non:bloc ing 4o

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#riginal pattern

http(66www)dre)!anderbilt)edu67schmidt68%06reactor-siemens)pdf

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9uess the author b the diagram

http(66gee)cs)oswego)edu6dl6cp4slide

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In Java,Reactor meansNIO

l l l

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Selector as a multiple&er

! ! i i i

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:a!a !ersion - egisteringSocketChannel channel= SocketChannel.open();

socketChannel.connect(new

InetSocketAddress("http://remote.com",80));

...

Selector selector = Selector.open();

channel.configureBlocking(false);

SelectionKey k = channel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);

k.attach(handler);

! ! i %i h

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:a!a !ersion - %ispatcher while (!Thread.interrupted()) {

selector.select() ;

Set selected = selector.selectedKeys();

Iterator it = selected.iterator();while (it.hasNext())

SelectionKey k = (SelectionKey)(it.next();

( (Runnable)(k.attachment()) ).run(); selected.clear();

}

Han!ling reactor events is

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Han!ling reactor events iscomple=

+3ee! to maintain state

+9u7ering + assemblingchun s

+Coor!inating async events

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3i lib i

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3io libraries

+5ost o0 them are servers+3etty, gri>>ly, etc.

+Apache 5ina+Apache HTTP components

asyncclient+3ing http client

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+Client an! server nio library

+;volve! 0rom netty+ atest release ?ctober &%2&

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+ere it is5

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+ere it is5

try 6AsyncHttpClient asyncHttpClient new AsyncHttpClient688 istenableButure )esponseD 0uture asyncHttpClient.prepareEet6

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y p p p "http://oss.jfrog.org/api/system/ping" 8.e=ecute6

new AsyncCompletionHan!ler )esponseD68 @?verri!e public )esponse onComplete!6)esponse response8 Fystem. out .println6response.get)esponse9o!y688 G return response G

@?verri!e public void onThro#able6Thro#able t8 t.printFtac Trace68 G

8 G )esponse response 0uture.get68 G

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HAC Concepts

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HAC Concepts

+)e*uest pro!ucer+)esponse consumer

try (CloseableHttpAsyncClient asyncHttpClient = HttpAsyncClients.createDefault

()) {asyncHttpClient.start();Future<HttpResponse> future = asyncHttpClient.execute(

HttpAsyncMethods.create et( "http://oss.jfrog.org/api/system/ping" )!newAsyncByteConsumer<HttpResponse>() {

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new AsyncByteConsumer<HttpResponse>() {

"#$errideprotected void onResponseRecei$ed(final HttpResponse response) {%yste&.out .println(response.'et%tatus ine().'etReason hrase());

*

"#$erride

protected void onByteReceived(final Char+u,,er bu,! final -#Control ioctrl) { *"#$errideprotected void releaseResources() { *

"#$erride

protected HttpResponse buildResult( final HttpContext context) {return (HttpResponse) context.'etAttribute( "http.response" );*

*! null );HttpResponse response = future.get() ;

*

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=hoosing between ning and httpli t

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as ncclient

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pu lic interface "ttp#rovider$ownload"andler {

void onResponseRecei$ed( int statusCode! Map<%trin'!ist<%trin'>> headers);

oolean on+ytesRecei$ed(+yte+u,,er bu,);

void onFailed(/hro0able error); void onCanceled();

void onCo&pleted();*

+ead to head

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Feature#$ibrary %ing client &ttp Async Clientaturity 9ood >er new ?earl @ BCD(ownload

cancelation

as With bugs

)rogresshoo"s

!ents notgranularenough

:ust useon9yte)eceive!68

(ocumentation A bit sparse /inimalServer-sidecounterpart

<one, clientonl

org)apache)httpcomponents

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fc@GBG( a uni!erse of its own

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@ (

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=onfused"

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And that onefordiscoveringthat range

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that range

header is loston redirect

Huestion5

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What should

be content-length when

usingcompression"

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https(66github)com6http@6http@-spec6issues6CG

Huestion5

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Wh when redirected to =%<all the chunks start from zero"

HttpAsyncClient+uilder builder = HttpAsyncClients.custo&();11 add redirect strate'y that copies 2ran'e2 headers! i, exist

ild tR di t%t t ( 0 $ f ltR di t%t t () {

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uilder.setRedirect%trategy (ne0 $efaultRedirect%trategy() {

"#$erridepublic Http3riRe4uest 'etRedirect(HttpRe4uest re4uest! HttpResponseresponse! HttpContext context)

Http3riRe4uest redirectRe4uest = super.'etRedirect(re4uest!response! context);

11 copy 2Ran'e2 headers! i, existHeader56 ran'eHeaders = re4uest.'etHeaders(HttpHeaders.RA7 8);

i, (ran'eHeaders 9= null) {,or (Header header : ran'eHeaders) {redirectRe&uest.add"eader(header) ;

**return redirectRe4uest;

**);

Huestion5

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+ow man simultaneousconnections should Iopen"

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Huestion5

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What$swrong withthefollowingcode"

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%ecoded U 3s cannot bere-encoded to the same form

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http:11exa&ple.co&1 4uery=a b==c

Cannot be decoded bac a,ter it0as encoded:

http:11exa&ple.co&1 4uery=a ?@b==c

%on$t use 4a!a)net)U 3 ncoder

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1Utilit class for +T/3 formencoding) This class containsstatic methods for con!erting a

String to the application/x-www-form-urlencoded /I/format)

0or more information about +T/3form encoding, consult the +T/3specification)2

A+= Alternati!es

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Huestion5

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+ow do Iclose asocketcorrectl "

+ow hard can it be to close a socket"

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The art of socket closing

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http(66www)safaribooksonline)com6librar 6!iew6http-the-

+alf-closed( no new customers

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<e!er block in socket close?D

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The other side e&pectsou to clean up nicel

It will gi!e up on time out

ou will wait ?fore!erD

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emember"

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Huestion5

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+ow can Iwrite file parts

concurrentl "

+ Write to separate les,combine on nish

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+ Write to same le, see ing tothe right position

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#S 3e!el 0ile 3ocking N Ad!isor e&clusi!e

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private File oc loc (FileChannel ,ileChannel) throws-#8xception { File oc loc =,ileChannel.try oc ( on'. MAX_VALUE B! B! false ); if (loc == null ) { throw new #$erlappin'File oc 8xception(); * return loc ;*

WT0"5

>/ 3e!el 0ile 3ocking

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5 evel Bile oc ing

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+Prevent same 5 threa!s #riting tothe le #hen #e starte! closing it+Closing se*uenceK

+)elease le loc s+Close channels

+)ename a le to itLs nal name6remove .part8+;rase progress in0o

>/ 3e!el 0ile 3ockingReentrantRead rite oc .Read oc write'o ile oc* =

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r0l.read oc ();ReentrantRead rite oc . rite oc close ile oc* =r0l.0rite oc ();

public $oid close() thro0s -#8xception { this. close ile oc*.loc* ();*

public int 0rite(int part-ndex! +yte+u,,er bu,) { i, (9this. write'o ile oc*.try oc* ()) {

thro0 ne0 -lle'al%tate8xception(2File isbein' closed2); * ...*

What$s ne&t"

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http/&

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+ 5ostly stan!ar!i>ing EoogleLssp!y+ Hea!er compression

+ multiple=ing+ Prioriti>ation+ Ferver push+ ?n the #ay clear some stu7 + ;.g. compresse! content length

ase the load

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3inks5

T0/( 0 @GBG

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Fo #hat e=actly is logicN WhocaresN4n0ormally logic is about saying things that make

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4n0ormally, logic is about saying things that makesense. Oou can thin o0 it in that #ay i0 you li e.

4tLs pretty sunny to!ay, so you shoul! #ear sunscreen.Q

Bormally, logic is the art o0 arguing + not li e a ghtor !ebate, but by using the in0ormation #e alrea!yno# to !ra# ne# an! use0ul conclusions.

40 itLs sunny to!ay, you shoul! #ear sunscreen.4n!ee! it is sunny to!ay.

There0ore, you shoul! #ear sunscreen.Q

9ut #ait. That just loo e! li e the e=actsame thing you sai! be0ore, you hac . Q

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Well, yes. 9ut thatLs ho# an argument loo s i0orm1 Oou can brea !o#n any argument intothat ma es it easier to thin about.

40 itLs sunny to!ay, you shoul! #ear sunscree

4t is sunny to!ay.

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR There0ore, you shoul! #ear sunscreen.

Premises/givens

Conclusion6Premises al#ays come rst, an! the conclusion al#ays c

Ho# about a more comple=argumentN

2 This piece o0 0resh 0ruit is 0u>>y

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2. This piece o0 0resh 0ruit is 0u>>y.&. 4t also has see!s.

(. 40 a 0ruit is 0u>>y, itLs either a i#i or a peach.

$. Peaches have a pitG they !onLt have see!s.

'. Fo the 0ruit canLt be a peach.

S. Fo the 0ruit must be a i#i.

Which o0 the above sentences is a conclusionN

Ho# about a more comple=argumentN

2 This piece o0 0resh 0ruit is 0u>>y

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2. This piece o0 0resh 0ruit is 0u>>y.&. 4t also has see!s.

(. 40 a 0ruit is 0u>>y, itLs either a i#i or a peach.

$. Peaches have a pitG they !onLt have see!s.

'. Fo the 0ruit canLt be a peach.

S. Fo the 0ruit must be a i#i.

Eoo! logic lets us cobble together lots o0 !i7erent pieces o0 in0ormation, an! tell 0romthem #hatLs probably or defnitely true.

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

That argument #as goo! 6ma!e sense8

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That argument #as goo! 6ma!e sense8,because the conclusion 0ollo#e! 0rom thepremises. WeLll see #hat this means in amoment.

Why !onLt #e loo at a bad argumentN

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

Fome people have 0allen o7 cli7s an! live!

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Fome people have 0allen o7 cli7s an! live!.There0ore, i0 4 jump o7 this cli7, 4 #ill !e nitely be

Come on.What coul!possibly go#rongNQ

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

Fome people have 0allen o7 cli7s an! live!

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Fome people have 0allen o7 cli7s an! live!.There0ore, i0 4 jump o7 this cli7, 4 #ill !e nitely be

This argument is #ea . Although the premise iitLs easy to thin o0 #ays 6very pain0ul #ays8 tconclusion coul! be 0alse. The easiest #ay tologic is to !o just thatK try to thin o0 another

6Philosophers call these counterexamples 8.

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments

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etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments.1. -e!uctive reasoningK All interns can breathe re. Fo Philip

can breathe re.

4s there a piece o0 the pu>>le missingN

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments

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etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments.1. -e!uctive reasoningK All interns can breathe re. Philip is an

intern. Fo Philip can breathe re.

Fometimes you may encounter hi!!enQ statan! i!eas, #hich the #riter snea s in but !oesay outright.

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments

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etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments.1. -e!uctive reasoningK

All interns can breathe re. Philip is

an intern. Fo Philip can breathere.

Are the premises trueN40 so, then the concl usionLs100% guaranteed true.3o getting aroun! it1

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

etLs loo at t#o in!s o0 arguments.

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g2. 4n!uctive reasoningK

4 touche! a stove an! it burne! me. 4 !i! this0ty times, an! the same thing happene!. Fo

the ne=t time 4 touch the stove, it #ill burn me.

Are the premises trueN40 so, then the conclusionLs

probably true. There mightstill be e=ceptions. 4 ; WHATN

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Ho# is this use0ul to meN

9ut even better is the superpo#er to spotk l i

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9ut even better is the superpo#er to spotweak logic.

3e=t time you #atch T or go online 6#ith

your parentsL permission, o0 course8, try toeep trac o0 ho# many !i7erentarguments are being pitche! to you bya!s. Ho# much in0o is given to youN Ho#much is le0t outN

What time is itN

A!ven: #ait, no. Activity time1

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, yPair o7 into groups o0 0our. ;ach group #ill receive an eo0 a poor argument 6these may be either in!uctive or !

With your group, you #ill have ' minutes to try to comone counterexample : one #ay in #hich the argumecoul! be #rong, even i0 the premises are !e nitely truePo e it 0ull o0 holes1Also, choose a group representative to tell us your reas

64tLs ? to imagine unli ely or #eir! e=planationsG!onLt be a0rai! to thin outsi!e the bo=.?!!ly enough, logic has very little to !o #ith 0acts.8

Fome e=amplesK

ARGU !"#$ 4 pulle! an all:nighter stu!ying 0or last #ee! 4 ! ! #i h A Ti !

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test, an! 4 en!e! up #ith an A. Tire!ness must ma e me

&U"#!R$ What i0 you got an A because you actually st?r maybe the test #as going to be easy 0or you all along

ARGU !"#$ 40 4 play #ith -a!Ls po#er tools, heLll yell at9ut -a! is yelling at me 0or something. Fo 4 guess 4 musplaye! #ith the po#er tools.Q

&U"#!R$ What i0 heLs yelling at you 0or a !i7erent reasscratching the car, or hammer:thro#ing the cat onto the

Season of mists and mellowfruitfulness,

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Close bosom-friend of the maturingsun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

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With fruit the vines that round the thatch-evesrun;

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To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees ,

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And fill all fruit with ripeness to thecore;

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To swell the gourd, and plump the hazelshells

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With a sweet kernel; to set buddingmore,

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And still more, later flowers for the bees,

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Until the think warm da s will ne!er cease,

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Sometimes whoe!er seeks abroad mafind

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Thee sitting careless on a granarfloor,

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Th hair soft-lifted b the winnowingwind

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%rowsed with the fume of poppies, while th hook

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Spares the ne&t swath and all its twin dflowers(

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And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

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Stead th laden head across abrook;

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r by a cyder-press! with patient loo"!

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Thou watchest the last oozings, hours bhours)

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Where are the songs of Spring" A , where arethe "

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Think not of them, thou hast th music too,*

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While barr d clouds bloom the soft-d ing da

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And touch the stubble-plains with roshue;

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Among the river-sallows! bornealoft

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r sin"ing as the light wind lives ories;sinking

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+edge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

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The redbreast whistles from a garden-croft;

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n ga er ng swa ows w er n eskies)

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0ohn 1eats

O,o Autumn O is a poem b nglishomantic poet :ohn .eats ?EB

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p#ctober BFML N @E 0ebruar BP@BD)

OTo AutumnO is the final work in agroup of poems known as

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g p p.eats's OBPBM odesO )

OTo AutumnO is a poem of threestanzas, each of ele!en lines) Written

in BPBM, the structure is that of anodal h mn , ha!ing three clearl

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gdefined sections corresponding to the

=lassical di!isions of strophe ,antistrophe , and epode

The imager is richl achie!edthrough the personification of Autumn

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through the personification of Autumn

)oem

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)oem

Season of mists and mellowfruitfulness,

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Conspiring with him how to load and bless

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With fruit the vines that round the thatch-evesrun;

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To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees ,

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To swell the gourd, and plump the hazelshells

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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With a sweet kernel; to set buddingmore,

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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And still more, later flowers for the bees,

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Until the think warm da s will ne!er cease,

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For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammycells.

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Who hath not seen thee oft amid thstore "

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Sometimes whoe!er seeks abroad mafind

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Thee sitting careless on a granarfloor,

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Th hair soft-lifted b the winnowingwind

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#r on a half-reap$d furrow soundasleep,

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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%rowsed with the fume of poppies, while th hook

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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Spares the ne&t swath and all its twin dflowers(

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep

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Stead th laden head across a brook;

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r by a cyder-press! with patient loo"!

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Thou watchest the last oozings, hours bhours)

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Where are the songs of Spring" A , where arethe "

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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Think not of them, thou hast th music too,*

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While barr d clouds bloom the soft-d ing da

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And touch the stubble-plains with ros hue;

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Among the river-sallows! bornealoft

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O,o Autumn O is a poem b nglishomantic poet :ohn .eats ?EB#ctober BFML N @E 0ebruar BP@BD)

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)oem

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Season of mists and mellowfruitfulness,

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Close bosom-friend of the maturingsun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

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With fruit the vines that round the thatch-evesrun;

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To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees ,

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To swell the gourd, and plump the

hazel shells

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With a sweet kernel; to set buddingmore,

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And still more, later flowers for the bees,

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Until the think warm da s will ne!ercease,

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For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammycells.

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Who hath not seen thee oft amid thstore "

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Sometimes whoe!er seeks abroad mafind

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Th hair soft-lifted b the winnowingwind

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#r on a half-reap$d furrow soundasleep,

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%rowsed with the fume of poppies, while th hook

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Spares the ne&t swath and all itstwin d flowers(

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And sometimes like a gleaner thoudost keep

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Welcome Qack

Internet marketing, S #, Social <etworksand moreR

9etting the best from the web

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%ovember 2334

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O,o Autumn O is a poem b nglishomantic poet :ohn .eats ?EB#ctober BFML N @E 0ebruar BP@BD)

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OTo AutumnO is the final work in agroup of poems known as.eats's OBPBM odesO )

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OTo AutumnO is a poem of threestanzas, each of ele!en lines) Written

in BPBM, the structure is that of anodal h mn , ha!ing three clearldefined sections corresponding to the

=lassical di!isions of strophe ,

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antistrophe , and epode

The imager is richl achie!edthrough the personification of Autumn

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)oem

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Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,

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Close bosom-friend of the maturingsun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

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With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves

run;

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And fill all fruit with ripeness to the

core;

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To swell the gourd, and plump the

hazel shells

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With a sweet kernel; to set buddingmore,

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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And still more, later flowers for the bees,

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Until the think warm da s will ne!ercease,

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For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy

cells.

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Who hath not seen thee oft amid thstore "

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Thee sitting careless on a granarfloor,

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Th hair soft-lifted b the winnowingwind

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8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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%rowsed with the fume of poppies, while th hook

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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Spares the ne&t swath and all itstwin d flowers(

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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And sometimes like a gleaner thoudost keep

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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Stead th laden head across abrook;

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r by a cyder-press! with patient loo"!

8/9/2019 No Mercy Ful

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Thou watchest the last oozings,

hours b hours)

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Think not of them, thou hast thmusic too,*

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While barr d clouds bloom the soft-d ing da

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And touch the stubble-plains with roshue;

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0ohn 1eats

Season of mists and mellowfruitfulness,

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Close bosom-friend of the maturingsun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

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With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;

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To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-

trees ,

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And fill all fruit with ripeness to the

core;

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To swell the gourd, and plump the

hazel shells

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With a sweet kernel; to set budding

more,

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Until the think warm da s will ne!ercease,

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For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy

cells.

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Who hath not seen thee oft amid th

store "

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Sometimes whoe!er seeks abroad ma

find

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Th hair soft-lifted b the winnowing

wind

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#r on a half-reap$d furrow sound

asleep,

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%rowsed with the fume of poppies, while th hook

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Spares the ne&t swath and all its

twin d flowers(

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And sometimes like a gleaner thou

dost keep

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Stead th laden head across a

brook;

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r by a cyder-press! with patient loo"!

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Thou watchest the last oozings,

hours b hours)

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Think not of them, thou hast th

music too,*

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While barr d clouds bloom the soft-

d ing da

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And touch the stubble-plains with roshue;

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gnats mourn

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Among the river-sallows! borne

aloft

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r sin"ing as the light wind lives or

ies;sinking

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And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hill

bourn;

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+edge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

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n ga er ng swa ows w er n eskies)

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gnats mourn

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Among the river-sallows! borne

aloft

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A Muic

Touro0 Logos

The ogical Appea

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Fo #hat e=actly is logicN WhocaresN4n0ormally, logic is about saying things that makesense. Oou can thin o0 it in that #ay i0 you li e.

4tLs pretty sunny to!ay, so you shoul! #ear sunscreen.Q

Bormally, logic is the art o0 arguing + not li e a ghtor !ebate, but by using the in0ormation #e alrea!yno# to !ra# ne# an! use0ul conclusions.

40 itLs sunny to!ay you shoul! #ear sunscreen

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40 itLs sunny to!ay, you shoul! #ear sunscreen.4n!ee! it is sunny to!ay.

There0ore, you shoul! #ear sunscreen.Q

9ut #ait. That just loo e! li e the e=actsame thing you sai! be0ore, you hac . Q

Well, yes. 9ut thatLs ho# an argument loo s i0orm1 Oou can brea !o#n any argument intothat ma es it easier to thin about.

40 itLs sunny to!ay, you shoul! #ear sunscree4t is sunny to!ay.

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

Premises/givens

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There0ore, you shoul! #ear sunscreen.Conclusion

6Premises al#ays come rst, an! the co

Ho# about a more comple=argumentN

2. This piece o0 0resh 0ruit is 0u>>y.

&. 4t also has see!s.

(. 40 a 0ruit is 0u>>y, itLs either a i#i or a peach.

$. Peaches have a pitG they !onLt have see!s.

'. Fo the 0ruit canLt be a peach.

S. Fo the 0ruit must be a i#i.

Which o0 the abo e sentences is a concl sionN

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Which o0 the above sentences is a conclusionN

Ho# about a more comple=argumentN

2. This piece o0 0resh 0ruit is 0u>>y.

&. 4t also has see!s.

(. 40 a 0ruit is 0u>>y, itLs either a i#i or a peach.

$. Peaches have a pitG they !onLt have see!s.

'. Fo the 0ruit canLt be a peach.

S. Fo the 0ruit must be a i#i.

Eoo! logic lets us cobble together lots o0

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g g!i7erent pieces o0 in0ormation, an! tell 0rom

them #hatLs probably or defnitely true.

9ut #hat counts as goo!logicQN

That argument #as goo! 6ma!e sense8, because theconclusion 0ollo#e! 0rom the premises. WeLll see

#hat this means in a moment.

Why !onLt #e loo at a bad argumentN

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r sin"ing as the light wind lives or

ies;sinking

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And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hill

bourn;

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+edge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft

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The redbreast whistles from a garden-croft;

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n ga er ng swa ows w er n eskies)

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0ohn 1eats