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Nobel Laureates in
Physics(1976-2012)
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Burton Richter1976
for the pioneering work in the discovery
of a heavy elementary particle
of a new kind
U.S.A.
Samuel Chao Chung Ting
1976for the pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a
new kind
U.S.A.
Philip Warren Anderson
1977for the theoretical
investigations of the electronic structure of
magnetic and disordered systems
U.S.A.
Nevill Francis Mott1977
for the theoretical investigations of the
electronic structure of magnetic and disordered
systems
U.K.
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck1977
for the theoretical investigations of the
electronic structure of magnetic and
disordered systems
U.S.A.
Pyotr Kapitsa1978
for his basic inventions and discoveries in the
area of low-temperature physics
Russia
Arno Allan Penzias1978
for the discovery of cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
Robert Woodrow Wilson
1978for the discovery of cosmic microwave
background radiationU.S.A.
Sheldon Lee Glashow
1979for contributions to the
theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles,
including the prediction of the weak neutral current
U.S.A.
Abdus Salam 1979for contributions to the
theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles,
including the prediction of the weak neutral current
Pakistan
Steven Weinberg
1979for contributions to the
theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles,
including the prediction of the weak neutral current
U.S.A.
James Cronin 1980for the discovery of
violations of fundamental
symmetry principles in the decay of
neutral K-mesonsU.S.A.
Val Logsdon Fitch
1980for the discovery of
violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons
U.S.A.
Nicolaas Bloembergen
1981for his contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy
Netherlands/U.S.A.
Arthur Leonard Schawlow
1981for his contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy
U.S.A.
Kai Siegbahn1981
for his contribution to the development of
high-resolution electron spectroscopy
Sweden
Kenneth Wilson1982
for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase
transitions
U.S.A.
Subramanyam Chandrasekhar
1983for his theoretical studies
of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars
India/U.S.A.
William Fowler1983
for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of
importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe
U.S.A.
Carlo Rubbia1984
for his contribution which later led to the discovery of the field
particles W and Z, communicators of weak
interaction
Italy
Simon van der Meer1984
for his contribution which later led to the discovery of the field particles W
and Z, communicators of weak interaction
Switzerland
Klaus von Klitzing
1985for the discovery of the
quantized Hall effect
Germany
Ernst Ruska1986
for his fundamental work in electron
optics, and for the design of the first
electron microscopeGermany
Gerd Binnig1986
for the design of the scanning tunnelling
microscope
Germany
Heinrich Rohrer1986
for the design of the scanning tunnelling
microscopeSwitzerland
Johannes Georg Bednorz
1987for the important
breakthrough in the discovery of
superconductivity in ceramic materials
Germany
Karl Alexander Müller1987
for the important breakthrough in the
discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials
Switzerland
Leon M. Lederman 1988
for the neutrino beam method and the
demonstration of the doublet structure of the
leptons through the discovery of the muon
neutrino
U.S.A.
Melvin Schwartz
1988
for the neutrino beam method and the
demonstration of the doublet structure of the
leptons through the discovery of the muon
neutrino
U.S.A.
Jack Steinberger 1988
for the neutrino beam method and the
demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons
through the discovery of the muon neutrino
Switzerland
Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.1989
for the invention of the separated oscillatory
fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser
and other atomic clocks
U.S.A.
Hans Georg Dehmelt
1989for the development of the ion trap technique
Germany
Wolfgang Paul
1989for the development of the ion trap technique
Germany
Jerome Friedman
1990for the pioneering
investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons
and bound neutrons
U.S.A.
Henry Way Kendall 1990
for the pioneering investigations
concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons
U.S.A.
Richard Taylor 1990for the pioneering
investigations concerning deep
inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons
U.S.A.
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1991for discovering that
methods developed for studying order phenomena
in simple systems can be generalized to more
complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals
and polymers
France
Georges Charpak1992
for his invention and development of particle
detectors, in particular the multi-wire proportional
chamber
France
Russell Alan Hulse1993
for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a
discovery that has opened up new
possibilities for the study of gravitation
U.S.A.
Joseph Taylor, Jr.1993
for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a
discovery that has opened up new
possibilities for the study of gravitation
U.S.A.
Bertram Brockhouse
1994for the development
of neutron spectroscopy
Canada
Clifford Shull1994
for the development of the neutron diffraction
techniqueU.S.A.
Martin Lewis Perl
1995for the discovery of
the tau lepton
U.S.A.
Frederick Reines1995
for the detection of the neutrino
U.S.A.
David Lee 1996
for the discovery of super fluidity in
helium-3
U.S.A.
Douglas Osheroff
1996for the discovery of
super fluidity in helium-3
U.S.A.
Robert Coleman Richardson
1996for the discovery of
super fluidity in helium-3
U.S.A.
Steven Chu 1997
for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser
light
U.S.A.
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji1997
for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser
light
France
William Daniel Phillips1997
for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser
light
U.S.A.
Robert Laughlin
1998for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
U.S.A.
Horst Ludwig Störmer
1998for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
Germany
Daniel C. Tsui
1998for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
U.S.A.
Gerard 't Hooft1999
for elucidating the quantum structure
of electroweak interactions in
physics Netherlands
Martinus Veltman1999
for elucidating the quantum structure of
electroweak interactions in physics
Netherlands
Zhores Alferov 2000
for developing semiconductor hetero- structures used in high-
speed- and opto-electronics
Belarus
Herbert Kroemer2000
for developing semiconductor hetero- structures used in high-
speed- and opto-electronics
Germany/U.S.A.
Jack Kilby
2000for his part in the invention of the
integrated circuit
U.S.A.
Eric Allin Cornell 2001
for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation
in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early
fundamental studies of the properties of the
condensates
U.S.A.
Wolfgang Ketterle 2001
for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation
in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early
fundamental studies of the properties of the
condensates
Germany
Carl Wieman2001
for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation
in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early
fundamental studies of the properties of the
condensates
U.S.A.
Raymond Davis, Jr.2002
for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in
particular for the detection of cosmic
neutrinos
U.S.A.
Masatoshi Koshiba 2002
for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in
particular for the detection of cosmic
neutrinos
Japan
Riccardo Giacconi 2002
for pioneering contributions to
astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources
Italy/U.S.A.
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov
2003for pioneering
contributions to the theory of
superconductors and superfluids
Russia
Vitaly Ginzburg
2003for pioneering
contributions to the theory of
superconductors and superfluids
Russia
Anthony Leggett
2003for pioneering
contributions to the theory of
superconductors and superfluids
U.S.A.
David Gross 2004
for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in
the theory of the strong interaction
U.S.A.
Hugh David Politzer 2004
for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in
the theory of the strong interaction
U.S.A.
Frank Wilczek 2004
for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in
the theory of the strong interaction
U.S.A.
Roy J. Glauber
2005for his contribution to the quantum theory of
optical coherence
U.S.A.
John Lewis Hall2005
for the contribution to the development of laser-
based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency
comb technique
U.S.A.
Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch
2005for the contribution to the
development of laser-based precision spectroscopy,
including the optical frequency comb technique
Germany
John C. Mather2006
for the discovery of the blackbody form and
anisotropy of the cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
George Smoot2006
for the discovery of the blackbody form and
anisotropy of the cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
Albert Fert2007
for the discovery of Giant Magneto-
resistance
France
Peter Grünberg2007
for the discovery of Giant Magneto-
resistance
Germany
Yoichiro Nambu2008
for the discovery of the mechanism of
spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic
physics
U.S.A.
Makoto Kobayashi2008
for the discovery of the origin of the broken
symmetry which predicts the existence of at least
three families of quarks in nature
Japan
Toshihide Maskawa2008
for the discovery of the origin of the broken
symmetry which predicts the existence of at least
three families of quarks in nature
Japan
Charles K. Kao2009
for groundbreaking achievements concerning
the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication
U.S.A./U.K./Hong Kong
Willard Boyle
2009
for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor
Canada/U.S.A.
2009
for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor
U.S.A.
George E. Smith
2010for groundbreaking
experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene
Netherlands/U.K.
Sir Andre Geim
2010for groundbreaking
experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene
Russia/U.K.
Sir Konstantin Novoselov
Saul Perlmutter2011
for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant
supernovae
U.S.A.
Adam Riess2011
for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant
supernovae
U.S.A.
Brian Schmidt2011
for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant
supernovae
Australia/U.S.A.
Serge Haroche2012
for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring
and manipulation of individual quantum
systems
France
David J. Wineland2012
for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring
and manipulation of individual quantum
systems
U.S.A.