Post on 11-Jan-2016
transcript
Non-Conventional Energy Scenarios
by
Dr. Syed Fahad Anwer
Role of Energy in the development of Society
• Development ~Income• More The Energy utilized More the Per Capita Income• Factors affecting Per Capita Income:
– Population Growth: Expenditure of energy is increased– Standard of Living: Expends large amount of energy on basic
daily needs• Need to balance both the ends only then energy crisis can be
arrested.
World GDP and CO2
$1
$10
$100
$1,000
$10,000
$100,000
Wor
ld G
DP
Bill
ions
US$
$
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
ATM
OSP
HER
IC C
O2
World GDP
CO2 level
Real Price of Oil since 1869
Indian Energy Scenario
China Energy use 1997
India Energy use 1997
Oil, 10%
Coal, 58.0%
Nuclear, 2.7%
Hydel, 24.0%
NC, 4.5%
Indian Energy Scenario
• Generation and Demand
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Energy 1000MW
1980-1985
1986-1990
1991-1997
1998-2002
Demand
Installedcapacity
Shortage
What Should Be Done?
• Cleanest Cars
• Cleanest Electric Units
• Most Advanced Buildings
• Use Non-Conventional Energy
The Carbon Question
963
726
484
8 7 5 4
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Coal Gas Wind SolarThermal
Oil Nuclear PV
Met
ric
ton
s p
er G
Wh
e
0
25
50
75
100
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Composition of U.S. Energy UseComposition of U.S. Energy Use
wood
animal feed
coal
oil
gas
electricity
Per
cen
t o
f to
tal
ener
gy
use
Data Source: Marland et al, 1999. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center.
Cumulative carbon emissions, 1950-1996
7,415
8,504
11,651
15,715
4,235
4,054
2,331
1,361
966
50,795
1,557
2,080
2,118
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
United States
Indonesia
Korea, Rep.
Brazil
Australia
Mexico
South Africa
Canada
India
United Kingdom
Japan
Germany
China
Million tons of carbon
Data Source: Marland et al, 1999. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center.
Per capita emissions of carbon from industrial sources, 1996
1.88
2.10
2.46
2.54
2.59
2.87
2.91
4.63
0.33
0.29
5.37
0.46
0.76
1.02
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
United States
India
Indonesia
Brazil
China
Mexico
South Africa
Ukraine
Korea, Rep.
J apan
United Kingdom
Germany
Russian Federation
Australia
Thousand tons of carbon
Energy Densities of Fuels
Fuel Energy Density (Mj/kg)
Peats, green wood, grasses 5.0-10.0
Crop residues, air-dried wood 12.0-15.0
Bituminous coals 18.0-25.0
Charcoal, anthracite coal 18.0-32.0
Crude oils 40.0-44.0
Impact On Environment
Europe in August 2003
COUNTRY DEATHS DETAILS
France 14,802Temperatures soared to 104 degrees Fahrenheit in parts of the country; temperatures in Paris were the highest since record-keeping began in 1873.
Germany 7000High temperatures of up to 105.4 degreesFahrenheit, the hottest since records began in 1901, raised mortality some 10 percent above average.
Spain 4230High temperatures coupled with elevated ground-level ozone concentrations exceeding the European Union's health-risk threshold.
Italy 4175Temperatures in parts of the country averaged 16 degrees Fahrenheit higher than previous year.
UK 2045The first triple digit (Fahrenheit) temperatures were recorded in London.
Neth 1400Temperatures ranged some 14 degrees warmer than normal.
Portugal 1316Temperatures were above 104 degrees Fahrenheit throughout much of the country.
Belgium 150Temperatures exceeded any in the Royal Meteorological Society's records dating back to 1833.
TOTAL 35,118