BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,MESRA

NON IONIZED RADIATION MONITORING

GUIDED BY:- PRESENTED BY:-

DR.S.L.MISHRA VISHAL SAH

VIVEK KUMAR

NON IONIED RADIATION:-Non-ionizing (or non-ionising) radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules—that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, the electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation, the movement of an electron to a higher energy state. CLASSIFICATION OF NONIONIZED RADIATION:-

TYPES OF NON-IONIZED RADIATION :-

COMMON SOURCES OF NON IONIZED RADIATION AND THEIR ALTERNATIVES:-

• MAKE SURE TO TUNE YOUR PHONE SETTINGS SO THAT IT DOES NOT TRANSMIT CONTINUALLY

• BEAWARE OF SIGNAL MODULATIONS

• SAR CAN BE DECEPTIVE

• AVOID BLUETOOTH

• TURN OFF YOUR PHONE WHENEVER POSSIBLE

• CFL AND FLUORESCENT LIGHTING CREATE INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCIES ABOVE THE FUNDAMENTAL OF 60Hz FREQUENCYWHICH MAY AFFECT HEALTH

• PREFER INCANESCENT BULB OF LOWER WATTAGE NUMBERS

COMMON SOURCES OF NON IONIZED RADIATION AND THEIR ALTERNATIVES:-

• DIMMER SWITCH PUT OUT A WIDE RANGE OF RADIO- FREQUENCIES IN THE KHz RANGE WHEN TURNED ON

• AN ON-OFF DIPOLE SWITCH IS A BETTER ALTERNATIVE,SINCE IT DOES NOT PUT OUT WIDE RANGE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES

• THE MICROWAVES THAT LEAKS OUT OF THE MICROWAVE OVEN ARE VERY STRONG AND POWER LINE MAGNETIC FIELDS ARE ALSO HIGH ALTHOUGH THE MICROWAVE RADIATION IS ONLY FOR THE SHORT DURATION

• USE A PORTABLE OVEN INSTEAD TO HEAT YOUR FOOD

SAR:-It is defined as the power absorbed for unit of mass and is given in watt for kilogram [W/kg] or it represents the spatial average over all the exposed mass to radiations in frequencies great than 10MHz.

Background:-• explosive growth in the production of electronic gadgets • A number of gadgets are used daily • Exposure to low-frequency EMFs increased childhood leukaemia • exposure of human brains to electromagnetic waves, can result

brain tumours• extremely high SAR results in thermal effects• Changes in gene expression associated

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MONITORING OF NON IONISED EXPOSURE :-• Modulation• Radiation pattern• Frequency • Polarization• Leakage due to radiation

OBJECTIVE:-Devise an electronic circuit that measures the amount of radiation and relatively provides the degree of potential risk present i.e.to design a meter or equipment that measures the Electromagnetic Radiation level (RF) present in the environment and indicate the safe level and unsafe level or it measure the non-ionic radiation.

SOFTWARES USED:-1. Proteus 7.6:-Proteus software is a electronics circuit simulation software and PCB circuit board design software. . It is a complete integrated tool that allows circuit board designers to enter the schematics, perform various simulation analysis, take the schematics to PCB layout tool and generate Gerber PCB file for PCB manufacturing. Another great feature is that it supports micro-controller based co-simulation.2 . Keil uVision4:-The µVision IDE from Keil combines project management, make facilities, source code editing, program debugging, and complete simulation in one powerful environment. 3.ExpressPCB:-The ExpressPCB Windows layout software makes designing PC boards simple for the beginner and efficient for the professional.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

microcontroller

ALGORITHM:-

ALGORITHM(CONTD.):-

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION:-1.COMPONENT SPECIFICATION:-A)8 bit A-D convertor 0831 :-

Resolution: 8 Bits Total Unadjusted Error: ±½ LSB and ±1 LSB Single Supply: 5V DC Low Power: 15 mW Conversion Time: 32 μs

B)Microcontroller 8051:-

4K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Two 16-bit Timer/Counters Six Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

C)16X2 LCD DISPLAY :-

16 Character, 2 Line Low power consumption Extended Temperature Range available Several Character Types with built in character generator ROM available LED or EL Backlight available

2)DEVICE SPECIFICATION:-

1. Coil as a transducer(antenna) with 65 turns of wire of width 0.05mm 2. 8 bit A-D convertor 0831 3. Microcontroller 8051 4. 16X2 LCD display 5. 12V adapter ac-dc source

TEST PROCEDURES:-

1. The coil is appropriately placed at a distance from object whose radiation is to be monitored. 2. The other end of the coil consisting of the filter and A-D convertor is interfaced with the LCD display unit. 3. The device is then connected to supply via 12V adapter. 4. The corresponding switches are ON. The glowing led and LCD display indicates that the device is working properly. 5. The display on LCD in percentage represents the radiation level along with the linguistic level of radiation.

TEST RESULTS:-• Radiation level of some household devices & Variation with respect

to distance

GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS:-

CONCLUSION:-1. After monitoring the radiation level it is clear that

almost every electronic device produce electromagnetic radiation.

2. As per graphical representation when distance increases the value of radiation level decreases.

3. Now it is the topic of major concern that either we minimize the use of them or take appropriate precautions for health.

4. Make sure that when we use such equipment maintain a certain distance while operating them.