Note Taking Guide• What were the major visual influences on the

various styles of architecture?

• What visual elements were characteristic of these styles?

• What were the themes (big ideas) of the architects?

• How did world events and circumstances affect the various forms of architecture?

Classical and Neo Classical Architecture

Classical and Neo-Classical Architecture

• Influenced by Greek and Roman architecture

• Glorified man’s achievements from the past

Parthenon - Greece

Temple of Zeus, Athens

Coliseum, Rome

Pantheon, Rome

US Capitol

Government building in Bangalore, India

Art Nouveau Architecture

Big Ideas behind Art Noveau

• Break connections with Classical times

• Break down barriers between “fine” and “applied” arts

• Artists bring beauty and harmony to all aspects of life (architecture, furniture, utilitarian objects, etc.)

Art Noveau as a style

• was a reaction against the “academic” style in favor at the time.

• Characterized by organic, free-flowing forms – highly stylized – nature influence

• 1890 to about 1905 peak years

Art Nouveau Architecture

• The style's patterns and motifs were taken primarily from nature and were often carried out with unrestrained exuberance of form, color, and especially line. The characteristic line, a flowing curvilinear, was to give Art Nouveau the descriptive nicknames "noodle," "whiplash,“ "tapeworm," and "cigarette-smoke style."

• E. M. Plunkett, Art Historian. Source: The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, Release #9.01, ©1997.

La Pedrera - Casa Milà Antoni Gaudi i Cornet 1906 - 1910

Passeig de Gràcia - Barcelona (Spain)

 Designed by Jules Lavirotte it won first prize at the Concours des facades de las Ville de Paris in 1901.

Art Deco

A Little History

• Art Deco as a decorative style was popular in 1920s and 1930s. "

• First World War (1914-1918) and the Great Depression (1929-1930), – Cities needed rebuilding;

– as human rights increased, labors became more expansive.

• The term Art Deco was coined from The Exposition des Arts Decoratifs held in Paris in 1925.

Characteristics of the Art Deco style

• "modernization" of many artistic styles and themes from the past.

• influence of – Far and Middle Eastern design, – Greek and Roman themes, – Egyptian and Mayan influence.

• early modern art movements, from – Impressionism through Cubism. – Chinese and Japanese art,

• Modern elements included echoing machine and automobile patterns and shapes such as stylized gears and wheels, or natural elements such as sunbursts and flowers.

Examples of Islamic architecture

Mayan Art

Japanese Art

Discovery of King

Tutankhamen’s Tomb 1922

Cubism

Art Deco Architecture

Houses & Apartments

Buildings

Chrysler building, NYC

Decorative Elements

Art Deco

Posters

Novelty architecture

Sometimes known as “kitsch” architecture

Characteristics

• Architects consider novelty architecture as anything that takes on a humorous or exaggerated appearance. 

• The point of novelty architecture is to advertise a company or business.

• The buildings have an extremely unusual shape and seldom resemble a traditional buildings

International Style

Architecture

International Style Architecture

• Architects who worked in the International Style wanted to break with architectural tradition and design simple, unornamented buildings. The most commonly used materials are glass, steel and concrete; floor plans were functional and logical. The style became most manifest in the design of skyscrapers.

• Detractors of the International style claim that its stark, uncompromisingly rectangular geometry is dehumanising. Le Corbusier once described buildings as "machines for living.” Since the early 1980s many architects have deliberately sought to move away from strictly geometrical designs.

Encyclopedia @ the free dictionary.com

• “The ideals of the style are commonly summed up in four slogans: ornament is a crime, truth to materials, form follows function, and Le Corbusier's description of houses as "machines for living"

F.L.Wright

F.L.Wright

Guggenheim Museum, F.L.Wright

Le Corbusier

UN Building, Le Corbusier

Le Corbusier

Le Corbusier

Neo - ClassicalArt Deco

International style

Novelty style

Neo -Classical Art Deco

Art nouveau Art deco

Bibliography

Laura Goeke, http://www.retropolis.net/

Michael Grost, http://members.aol.com/MG4273/american.htm

The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, Release #9.01, ©1997.

Encyclopedia @ the free dictionary.com

A Guide to Novelty Architecture - http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1610959/a_guide_to_novelty_architecture.html?cat=37