Nov. 22, 2011L.O.: Students will be able to explain the major changes to

Upper and Lower Canada from 1815-1838.

1) Community Chat + Test Discussion2) PPT Notes3) Work Period

4) HW: Changes in UC/LC Worksheet; Read Pgs 1-3 Newspaper; Chapter 7 Vocab due. Nov 28

• What important changes took place in Upper and Lower Canada from 1815 – 1838?

Changes To Upper and Lower Canada

Key Vocabulary• Canadian- – English speaking person living in Canada

• Canadien- – French speaking person living in Canada

• Immigrant– a person who leaves his/her country to live in another country

• Great Migration – 1815-1840 many immigrants from Great Britain moved to

Upper Canada• Timber– Wood that has been cut down; lumber

• Potash– Ash from burnt wood

• Mast– Pole on a ship that holds the sail

• Sawmill– Factory that cuts wood into smaller pieces

Upper and Lower Canada Changes

Following the War of 1812, both Upper and Lower Canada experienced population explosion (growth).

This occurred because of:LC - High birth rate among French-speaking

peopleUC experienced a wave of settlers from Great

Britain Increased the population from 70 000 to 430 000This was called: The Great Migration

The Great Migration1815-1850

Where Did All the People Come From and Why?

What was the Great Migration?

• New people to Canada because of bad conditions in Europe

• Economic changes in Europe led to huge increase in population– Many people were poor

• Idea was to send the poor people to Canada

Causes – Push & Pull• Scottish Highlanders& the

Enclosures (Tenant Farmers, Crofters forced off land)

• Industrial Revolution (machines taking over the jobs of Artisans – skilled workers)

• Irish Potato Famine 1845-9Crops destroyed by disease,

Irish left because of poverty and hunger

Coffin Ships

• Immigrants on ships normally used to transport timber; lasted from 20 days to 2 months

• Irish immigrants fell ill with cholera, typhus in filthy ships (steerage, overcrowded, no bathroom, no air, rats, bad food)

Coffin Ships

• In 1847, 17 000 of the 100 000 Irish died of sickness on the way ; by 1860 the majority of English-speaking were Irish

• Before arriving in Quebec City or Montreal, all ships had to stop first at a place called Grosse Isle, where sick passengers were removed from the ship and cared for – this was called quarantine

Images of Hope

D. Great Migration Recap • Sixty percent of these immigrants to Canada were British. This

made them the largest cultural group in Canada. • Several immigrant groups had established themselves in Atlantic

Canada by 1861. • The main groups were British, French, and German, but there

were also American Loyalists. • A significant Black population had created a community in Nova

Scotia.

The Underground Railroad

Henry Box Brown

Harriett Tubman

Routes to Freedom

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Other Changes

In addition to changes to the population, there were 2 other major changes between 1815 and 1838

1. The Timber Trade

2. The End of Competition in the Fur Trade