Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes

are and why they undergo radioactivity.• Students will be able to compare properties of

nuclear reactions with chemical reactions.• Students will demonstrate understanding of

radioactive decay through application and graphing. • Students will assess the application of nuclear

chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.

• Students will understand and classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.

Nuclear Chemistry Objectives• Students will be able to identify what radioisotopes

are and why they undergo radioactive decay.

• Students will demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.

• Students will understand and classify nuclear reactions by the types of radiation produced.

Atomic Structure: 3.12Due:• Band of Stability Worksheet (part A)• Infinite Campus Check-up AssignmentObjectives:• I can distinguish between atomic models. • I can use the band of stability graph to understand

what a radioisotope is and to classify atoms as radioisotopes.

• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.

Bell Ringer: 3.12

1. What problem did scientists have with Rutherford’s Nuclear Model below? Explain your answer.

2. On the Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet, complete part b. (plotting) and questions 1-4.

Bell Ringer: Evolution of Atom• Who is given credit for the earliest model of the because he applied the scientific method?• What did Thomson’s model contribute to the atom?

• What did Rutherford’s model contribute to the atom?

• What did Bohr’s model contribute to the atom?

• What did the Quantum Mechanical model contribute to the atom?

Types of electron paths around nucleus

Atomic Models

Dalton’s Atomic Model Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model Rutherford’s Nuclear Model

Bohr’s Planetary ModelSchrodinger’s Atomic Model(current model)

Bell Ringer: 3.12

1. What problem did scientists have with Rutherford’s Nuclear Model below? Explain your answer.

2. On the Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet, complete part b. (plotting) and questions 1-4.

•What keeps the protons within the nucleus ? (Like particles repel each other)

•Neutrons stabilize the nucleus byseparating the protons from one antoher.

• 1932 - James Chadwick discovers that the nucleus also has neutral particles present. He called them neutrons.

Subatomic Particle: Neutron

Bell Ringer: 3.12

1. What problem did scientists have with Rutherford’s Nuclear Model below? Explain your answer.

2. On the Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet, complete part b. (plotting) and questions 1-4.

Atomic Structure: 3.13Due:• Infinite Campus Check-up Assignment (over due)• Complete Nuclear Band of Stability Graph• Radioactivity ArticleObjectives:• Atomic Structure and Theory Quiz • I can use the band of stability graph to understand

what a radioisotope is and to classify atoms as radioisotopes.

• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay through applications and graphing.

Nuclear Band of Stability Worksheet

RadioisotopesUse your band of stability graph to answer the

following questions. Analysis Questions: 1. What is a radioisotope?2. What subatomic particles determine if an atom is a

radioisotope?3. True or False: Most atoms have a stable nucleus if

it has an equal number of protons and neutrons. Explain your answer using your graph.

Nuclear Band of Stability

Nuclear Band of Stability

http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/mariana/Atomica/Table/lessons/11nuclear/nuclear.htm

• Also called: radioactivity; nuclear reactions

• A reaction that occurs within the nucleus of a radioisotope in order to stabilize it.

• Spontaneous Reactions

• Reaction rates (speed of reactions) remain constant for radioisotopes despite changes in temperature, pressure, or addition of catalyst.

Radioactive Decay

Atomic Structure: 3.14Due:• Infinite Campus Check-up Assignment (over due)• Complete Nuclear Band of Stability Graph(over due)• Radioactivity Article (over due)

Objectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive

decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.

Radioactive Decay: Half-Life

1. What is half-life?

2. Why is the half-life of a radioisotope very important to many disciplines of science?

Radioactive Decay: Half-Life

•Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioisotope sample (parent isotope) to decay into a more stable isotope (daughter isotope).

Radioactive Decay LabPurpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay

of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium.

Complete the pre-lab questions and hypothesis.

thefoxisblack.com

usd314.k12.ks.us

Atomic Structure: 3.14

Homework:• Complete M&Mium lab and radioactive decay

problems.

Atomic Structure: 3.17Due:• Radioactive Decay (M&Mium) Lab• Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay PacketObjectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive

decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.

• I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear radiation.

• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear reactions.

Radioactive Decay LabPurpose: Simulate and graph the radioactive decay

of an artificial radioisotope, M&Mium.

Complete the pre-lab questions and hypothesis.

thefoxisblack.com

usd314.k12.ks.us

Radioactive Decay Lab: Data Table Number of Half-Lives

Total Time(seconds)

# of M&Miums(parent isotope)

Daughter Isotope(decayed)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Radioactive Decay Graph

astronomy.nmsu.edu

Radioactive Decay Problems1. a. A patient is given a 100 mg sample of I-131.

How much of the isotope will remain in the body after 16 days? The half-life of I-131 isotopes is 8 days.

b. How many days will pass for a 1.0g sample of I-131 isotope to decay to 0.25g?

Nuclear Radiation

1. According to the article you read, what is nuclear radiation?

2. Who discovered nuclear radiation?

3. How have humans used nuclear radiation?

Atomic Structure: 3.14Due:• Infinite Campus Check-up Assignment (over due)• Complete Nuclear Band of Stability Graph(over due)• Radioactivity Article (over due)

Objectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive

decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.

Atomic Structure: 3.19Due:• Radioactive Decay (M&Mium) Lab• Radioisotopes and Radioactive Decay PacketObjectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive

decay through modeling, graphing, and word problems.

• I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear radiation.

• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear reactions.

Nuclear RadiationNuclear Radiation:• Matter and large amounts of energy

produced during a nuclear reaction.

• Three main types of nuclear radiation:1.Alpha radiation (α )2.Beta radiation (β)3.Gamma radiation (ϒ)

Nuclear Radiation

paper

wood

concrete or lead

Types of radiation can be classified by type of shielding.

(alpha particle)

(beta particle)

(gamma particle)

Types of Nuclear Radiation•Types of radiation can be classified by their charges.

Alpha (α ) Radiation

parent decays α + daughter isotopeisotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)

• change in mass number:

• change in atomic number:

Beta (β) Radiation

β particle • change in mass number:

• change in atomic number:

• transmutation occur?

Gamma (ϒ) Radiation

parent decays α + daughter isotope + ϒ

isotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)

+ϒ

• change in mass number:

• change in atomic number:

• transmutation occur?

Transmutation

Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during

radioactive decay.

•What must happen in the nucleus for a transmutation to occur?

•Does a transmutation occur during alpha, beta, and gamma reactions?

Atomic Structure: 3.20Infinite Campus Update:• Evolution of the Atom packet (10pts.)• Kandium Lab(27pts.)• Band of Stability Worksheet (10pts.)• Radioactive Decay Lab (23pts.)Objectives:• I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay

through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear

radiation.• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear

reactions.

Nuclear Reaction Types

Atomic Structure: 3.24Due:• Nuclear Decay WorksheetObjectives:• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear

reactions. • I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay

through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear

radiation.• Review atomic structure/theory and nuclear reactions

study guide via gallery walk.Homework:Review Study Guide-Test tomorrow.

Nuclear Reaction Worksheet

Nuclear Band of Stability

Atomic Structure: 3.20Due:• Nuclear Decay Worksheet

Objectives:• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear

reactions. • I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay

through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear

radiation.• Review atomic structure/theory and nuclear reactions

study guide via gallery walk.

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Reaction Study Guides

• Review concepts via gallery walk.

Radioactivity Decay Review Wksht. Key4a. I-131 b. C-14 c. U-2385. No, only 75% of parent isotope decays, still

25% remaining.6. 1 million radioactive atoms7. a.0.625 mg of I-131 remaining b. 24 days8 a. 20% b. about 85 grams c. about 83 days d. about 28 days9. 915 B.C.

Atomic Structure: 3.20Due:• Nuclear Decay Worksheet

Objectives:• I can classify and predict the products of nuclear

reactions. • I can demonstrate understanding of radioactive decay

through modeling, graphing, and calculations. • I can distinguish between the three types of nuclear

radiation.• Review atomic structure/theory and nuclear reactions

study guide via gallery walk.

Nuclear Chemistry Quiz-Review

Transmutation

Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during

radioactive decay.

•How else could you define transmutation?

•What must happen in the nucleus for a transmutation to occur?

•Does a transmutation occur when alpha, beta, or gamma radiation is produced?

Transmutation

parent decays α + daughter isotopeisotope particle (stable) (unstable) (He nucleus)

Transmutation: •An element is converted to a new element during

radioactive decay.•A parent isotope is converted to daughter isotope•An unstable atom converted to a more stable atom.•Atomic number changes during radioactive decay

Nuclear Chemistry Objective

• Students can explain the difference between fission and fusion.

• Students can analyze the benefits and risks of nuclear energy

TransmutationTransmutation occurs during:1. Radioactive Decay

2. Bombarding an atom’s nucleus with particles.-can occur naturally or artificially-fission and fusion nuclear reactions

Fission vs. FusionFission Fusion

Similarities

Nuclear Fission• Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus by

bombarding it with neutrons.

cikguwong.blogspot.comchm.bris.ac.uk

Nuclear Fission Application

chm.bris.ac.ukenglish-online.at

• Generates electricity where only steam is released into the environment.

Nuclear Fission Problem

• Nuclear Waste: Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly. (pg. 812 in text)

• On-site or off-site holding tanks called pools.

coto2.wordpress.com

Nuclear Fusion• Nuclear Fusion – Small radioisotope nuclei

combine.

mrbarlow.wordpress.commrbarlow.wordpress.com

Nuclear Fusion

• Produces immense amount of energy.

• Does not produce nuclear waste• Applications? Not yet. Requires immense amount of energy.

Example: sun (40,000,000 0C)

scienceknowledge.org

Nuclear Chemistry Objectives

• Students will assess the application of nuclear chemistry as a continual alternative resource of energy for developed countries.

Assessment by:-reading and annotating literature that addresses pros

and cons of nuclear energy.- Debating with peers why we should or should not

depend on nuclear energy.- Formulating an opinion based on facts as to why the

U.S. should continue to support the research and development of nuclear energy. (ORQ format)

Exit Slip

1. What is the difference between fission and fusion and give an example of each?

2. Should the United States continue the research, development, and application of nuclear energy through nuclear fission?

Nuclear Chemistry Objective

• I can analyze the benefits and risks of nuclear energy. (SC-H-ET-S-2)

Nuclear Energy Debate

breakthrougheurope.org

earth-policy.org

firstlab.webege.com

Nuclear Energy

www.nukepills.com

Chernobyl,Ukraine Nuclear Disaster Effects

Fukushima, Japan Disaster Effects

novinite.comguardian.co.uk nucleaire11.wordpress.com

uncannyterrain.com business.financialpost.com

Gallery Walk: Nuclear Energy Pros and Cons

• Each debate group record on chart paper important pros and cons you addressed today.

• Walk around and observe what other debate groups discussed.

Exit Slip: Nuclear Energy1. Did today’s nuclear energy debate strengthen or

weaken your view on this issue?

2. What is your view on this issue now: Should the U.S. continue to support the research, development, and application of nuclear energy?

*Make sure to validate your view with several supporting facts. *