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Nuclear structure and dynamics(The theory activities within INFN – in brief !)
G. Colò
Seminar at NuPECC Meeting
LNS, March 12th, 2010
What, where and who ?
Few-body and nuclear matter: Pisa, Trento, Padova, Catania
Shell model: Napoli
Mean field and beyond: Milano, Napoli, Lecce, Firenze
Algebraic models: Padova
Reactions: Catania, Padova, Milano, Pisa
Electroweak interactions: Torino, Lecce
Neutron stars, astrophysics: Catania, Milano, Pisa
FTE = 55 (individuals ~ 70)
Catania
LecceNapoli
FirenzePisa
Padova
TrentoMilano
Torino
• Collaborations with many Universities and research institutes spread around the world
• Strong link with experimental activities (proposals, joint papers, PAC participation) in Italy, Europe, USA, Japan …
• Activity oriented towards training of young scientists
One example: Asia LinkProgramme # CN/Asia-Link 008 (94791)
QCD (χPT)
relativistic models non-relativistic models
Skyrme, Gogny
free or bare NN interaction
effective NN interaction
Fit to observables
ab-initio approaches (variational, Montecarlo …)
Shell model
Key question : the NN effective force
The effective force is related to a method !
free or bare NN interaction
Tests of the bare NN interaction in bound or scattering states of few nucleon systems are performed in Pisa, Trento and Padova.
The modern few-body techniques are either “exact” or “close to”.
The Trento group has proposed a method to treat the many-body problem exactly also in the continuum, namely the Lorentz Integral Transform (LIT) method.
3-body: Variational methods, Hyperspherical harmonics expansion, Fadeev equations
Electron RL(E,q) vs E in 4He
Nd spin-transfer coefficients extracted from elastic data at 22.7 MeV
Chiral potentials: blue=NLO, red=NNLO including 3-body
H. Witała et al., PRC 73, 044004
Going to next order: sometimes better and sometimes worse ??
Pisa : accurate calculations of scattering observables, of M1 transitions including exchange currents, and PV components in the NN potential
Napoli : shell-model studies of exotic nuclei
Intensive exploration of the region around 132Sn. L. Coraggio et al., PRC 80, 044320.
Use of modern Vlow-k
3-body force ?
EE effHH
Slater determinant 1-body density matrix• The unknown exact energy is set equal (ansatz !) to a much simpler expectation value on a Slater determinant. If Heff is well designed, the resulting energy can fit experiment at best
Energy density functional (EDF) methods
Milano: accurate calibration of the functional using exp. data for the collective response
• Linear response theory can be applied → self-consistent description of nuclear collective motion
Coll. with LNS: functionals derived from Brückner-HF
usual (stable) nuclei
neutron-rich (unstable) nuclei
The largest uncertainities concern the ISOVECTOR, or SYMMETRY part of the energy functional which is very POORLY constrained.
It has been shown that the GDR can constrain the symmetry energy at density around 0.1 fm-3 while the PDR can constrain the derivative of the symmetry energy.
L. Trippa et al., PRC 77, 061304(R), A. Carbone et al., PRC in press
Dipole response
PDR GDR
LNS : focus on REACTION mechanisms and constraints extracted from observables. Big expertise in transport models, applied from intermediate (≈εF) up to relativistic energies.
Time evolution of the one-body distribution function ( , , )f r p t
Boltzmann
),,()(),(),(),( tprKfKprffhprft
LangevinVlasov
Vlasov Boltzmann Langevin
Analysis of the isospin content of the fragments, or of other observables (cf. double rations) ↔ Symmetry energy
Courtesy: B. Tsang
Nuclear and Coulomb inelastic excitations
Role of nuclear and Coulomb potentials in the excitation of PDR and GDR
Matching of structure and reaction theories
Courtesy: E. Lanza
Microscopic double folding
Reactions with (very) exotic nuclei like breakup
Advanced quantum models by Pisa and Padova groups
Fusion reactions
Two-particle transfer reactions as a probe of nuclear pairing
Catania : many-body correlations, extended linear response calculations. How reliable is it the HF-RPA level ?
Padova : algebraic approach to nuclei displaying critical symmetries. Can we pick up the interesting cases without resorting to heavy numerics ?
Milano : nuclear field theory approach to properties of single-particle, collective states and pairing beyond mean-field. Relevance of coupling of particles and vibrations at highest orders.
Lecce : FHNC calculations extended to medium-heavy systems. Is the effective tensor force quenched ?
Other approaches : more emphasis on the MB technique rather than on VNN
The physics of compact stellar objects is of course interesting in itself. In the present context, we stress the opportunity to test the nuclear models in a wide range of densities and extreme isospin asymmetry.
Properties of the crust, role of the EOS to determine mass vs. radius, role of e-capture in supernova collapse, transition to deconfined phase…
Pairing properties of neutron matter are still an open question !
Other national funding
MIUR-PRIN 2008
Many-body theory of nuclear systems and implications on the physics of neutron stars
Universities involved:
Milano
Trieste
Roma
Catania
• In summary, the different groups involved in theoretical nuclear structure and nuclear reaction physics cover, with their study, a large variety of approaches and methods.
• In some cases, there is a clear contiguity/continuity with hadron physics. Just one example: role of hyperons in nuclei and neutron stars.
• In other cases, some of the sophisticated many-body techniques introduced by the nuclear theorists are applied to other systems as well: typically, molecules and clusters or trapped atomic gases.
P. Finelli et al.
nucleon
} incl. hyperons
H.-J. Schulze et al, PRC73 (2006) 058801
A bottom line…
• The interest of the theory community in nuclear structure and nuclear dynamics has a longstanding tradition, and several schools have developed – with high expertise in specific techniques, as well as strong interactions with experimentalists.
• The level of the various groups is quite high, as testified by the number of publications in high-quality journals and invited talks at conferences.
• There is still significant fragmentation in the activities; however, synergies are increasing (directly or indirectly).
So far, calculations have been based on local, existing computer resources.
A few of the mentioned groups have recently made a single request to the CSN4-INFN for new local units:
• 6- or 8-core
• 32 GB RAM
• 2 TB HD
(6 units).
New requests for computing