Post on 27-Nov-2014
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Nursing Education Perspective of Indonesia
Chatrina M A. Bajak, S.Kep, Ns
Map of Indonesia
Objective General Objective
At the end of my 30 minutes discussion, I will be able to comprehensively explain the nursing education perspective of Indonesia
Objective
Specific Objectives
Knowing the history of the development of nursing in Indonesia
Understanding the development of nursing education in
Indonesia
Understanding the challenges and perspectives of nursing
education in Indonesia
History of Nursing in Indonesia 1. Age VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie)
(1602-1799)
Binnen Hospital in Batavia (now Jakarta) 1799
2. Dutch Colonization Era I (1799-1811)
There are no outstanding health efforts during this period.
3. British Occupation Period (1811-1816)
At this time, it began to develop some form of health effort spearheaded by Raffles.
These efforts include mass smallpox vaccination activities, improvement of mental health care, and care for detainees.
4. Dutch colonization era II (1816-1942)
In 1819, Residem V Pabst establishes a public hospital that is named Stadsverband Hospital and based in Glodok.
This hospital was later renamed Central Burgerlijke Ziekeninrichting and moved to Salemba,now called Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM). Currently RSCM become a national referral center and national education.
In 1852, De Bosch founded the medical school of Java which later developed into STOVIA (1898).
He also held a midwifery education preparation programs in 1852, although in the end the program was closed in 1875.
In the same year (1875) the government established the first psychiatric hospital in Bogor, followed by a mental hospital Lawang (1894) and the mental hospital Magelang (1923).
Due the increasing number of mental hospital, mental nurse education was opened in 1940 in Bogor.
Cilendek Hospital (now is dr. H Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital Bogor)
Among them are Cikini hospital in Jakarta, St.Carolus Hospital in Jakarta, Borromeus Hospital in Bandung, and St. Elisabeth Hospital in Semarang.
Along with this progress, the government began establishing schools for nurse education.
The first nurse education school was founded in Cikini Hospital in 1906 and then followed the RSCM in 1912.
5. Occupation Period (1942-1945)
In the days of Japanese occupation, nursing in Indonesia may be said to suffer a setback. Reigns of leadership of the hospital was taken over by Japan and partly held by the Indonesian nation.
At this time, the plague spread everywhere due to lack of medical supplies.
6. Independence Period until Now (1945-Present)
At the beginning of independence, Indonesia encountered numerous deficiencies in the condition of hospital care and treatment, including the minimal supply of drugs.
History of Nursing Education in Indonesia
In 1913, the first nursing education program was established in Semarang Hospital (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 1989).
The hospital opened a kind of courses or training of nursing teachers by bringing in teachers from the Netherlands.
In 1940, opened in Bogor Mental Nurse School.
At the same time, there was opened the program which also provided the graduate school for nurse midwife with three years plus a one-year midwifery education.
In 1950, Nursing Education School for teacher opened in Bandung.
In 1952, founded Care Manager School in Tantja Badak Hospital (now is Hasan Sadikin Hospital).
Along the development, Care Manager School then turned into a Nurse School (SPK), which is the lowest level of education for a nurse.
In 1962, the academy of nursing education (AKPER) in Jakarta was founded.
Since then, many new academy of nursing began to appear in various regions in Indonesia.
Until now, there are approximately 361 nursing colleges in Indonesia.
Challenges and Perspectives of Nursing Education in Indonesia
Over time, there are number of challenges and trends affecting the profession as a result of global change.
1. Shifting patterns of Indonesian society from agrarian to industrialized, from traditional society to modern society.
2.Development of science and technology rapidly makes the people of Indonesia at this time more critical.
3. Analysis of the International Council of Nurses (1997 in Yani, 1997) which states that in 2020, there will be a global changes that will happen around the world.
Efforts are considered effective and highly strategic to print professional nurses through the development of nursing education.
Therefore, nursing education in Indonesia should not be limited to the Nursing Diploma course, but should be continued up to the level of strata (bachelor).
In 1985 Indonesia opened the first nursing science study program for undergraduate school at the University of Indonesia.
In Indonesia, S1 nursing education is still fairly new and lags behind other countries.
The second Nursing science study program was open at the University of Padjadjaran in Bandung.
This is the starting point for professional development of nursing profession in Indonesia.
Indonesia also have opened the program master degree in 2003 organized by Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, and Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University in 2008.
Other developments that occurred in the nursing education world is to change the status of nursing education which was originally under the responsibility of the Ministry of Health, gradually switching to the Ministry of National Education, especially for the Academy of Nursing (AKPER).
The involvement of the private sector has its own influence in the reform of nursing education in Indonesia.
One proof is the educational development of the High School of Health Sciences (STIKes/College) which is currently increasing just like mushrooms in various regions.
In terms of quantity, resource nurse was somewhat large.
However, large values are not balanced with good
The evidence shows from the numbers of nursing higher education institutions that have educational qualifications of teachers remain low.
A condition such as nursing education is like a double-edged knife.
On the one side, it improves the professionalism of nursing and on the other side, it "kill" professionalism itself.
Professional organization, Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI) work to improve the quality of nursing education by making the Ahli Madya of Nursing (title for Academy of Nursing graduates) as the lowest level of nursing education.
The strategy is applied through the improvement of nursing education curricula to produce a professional nurse who would be able to compete in the era of globalization.
Therefore, the curriculum of nursing education should not only cover locally, but also globally.
In addition to revamping the curriculum, there should also be an improvement in the ability of human resources.
REFFERENCESAsmadi. 2008. Konsep Dasar Keperawatan.Penerbit Buku
Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.
Gaffar, La Ode Jumadi. 1999. Pengantar Keperawatan Profesional. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.
Simamora, Roymond. H. 2009. Buku Ajar Pendidikan Dalam Keperawatan. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.
Ministry of National Education, Directorate General of Higher Education. Evaluation Data of Higher Education, College Profile. Retrieved from http://evaluasi.dikti.go.id/epsbed/telusurps/1 on May 5, 2011.