Nursing Management: Nutritional Problems Chapter 40 Overview Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc.,...

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Nursing Management:Nursing Management:

Nutritional ProblemsNutritional Problems

Chapter 40 Overview

Nutritional ProblemsNutritional Problems

Normal NutritionNormal Nutrition

Fig. 40-1. In the MyPyramid, each food group is characterized by varying widths, representative of the proportion of each group that should be eaten. The person climbing the stairs on the side of the pyramid indicates the need to include daily physical activity in a healthy lifestyle.

Table 40-3. Good Sources of Protein.

Table 40-4. Major Minerals and Trace Elements.

Special DietsSpecial Diets

•Vegetarian Diet

Culturally Competent Culturally Competent Care:Care:

NutritionNutrition

MalnutritionMalnutrition

• Types of Malnutrition Protein-calorie malnutrition Marasmus and kwashiorkor

• Etiology of Malnutrition Socioeconomic factors Physical illnesses Incomplete diets Food-drug interactions

MalnutritionMalnutrition

•Pathophysiology: Starvation Process

•Clinical Manifestations•Diagnostic Studies

History and physical examination

Laboratory studies Anthropometric measurements

Malnutrition Malnutrition

•Nursing Assessment

Fig. 40-2. Patient with malnutrition.

Table 40-9. Desirable Body Weight Based on Hamwi Formula (Rule of Thumb).

•Nursing Diagnoses•Planning•Nursing Implementation

Health promotion Acute intervention Ambulatory and home care

•Evaluation

Gerontologic Considerations: Gerontologic Considerations:

Types of Specialized Types of Specialized Nutrition SupportNutrition Support

•Oral Feeding

Fig. 40-3. Nutrition support algorithm.

•Enteral Nutrition

Fig. 40-4. Common enteral feeding tube placement locations.

•Enteral Nutrition, continued Nasogastric and

nasointestinal tubes Gastrostomy and

jejunostomy

Fig. 40-5. Placement of a gastrostomy tube.

Fig. 40-6. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A, Gastrostomy tube placement via percutaneous endoscopy. Using endoscopy, a gastrostomy tube is inserted through the esophagus into the stomach and then pulled through a stab wound made in the abdominal wall. B, A retention disk and bumper secure the tube.

•Enteral Nutrition, continued Procedures for tube feedings Complications related to

tubes and feedings

Gerontologic Gerontologic Considerations: Considerations: Enteral Nutrition Enteral Nutrition

•Parenteral Nutrition

Table 40-14. Common Indications for Parenteral Nutrition.

•Parenteral Nutrition, continued Composition

• Calories• Protein• Electrolytes• Trace elements• Vitamins

•Parenteral Nutrition, continued Methods of administration

• Central PN• Peripheral PN• Comparison of central and peripheral PN

Administration of solution

Parenteral Nutrition Parenteral Nutrition

•Home Nutrition Support

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

•Anorexia Nervosa•Bulimia Nervosa

Nursing Management: Nutritional Problems Chapter 40 Overview Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc.,...

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