Obesity and

diabetes

Done by :Asrar Zakari 2015

Being overweight increases the chances of developing the

common type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes. In this disease, the body makes enough insulin but

the cells in the body have become resistant to

the salutary action of insulin. Why does this happen?

Obesity Obesity is a complex disorder involving an

excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It increases your risk of diseases and health

problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and high

blood pressure.

Causes

Unhealthy diet and eating habits. Weight gain is

inevitable if you regularly eat more calories than you burn.

And most Americans' diets are too high in calories and

are full of fast food and high-calorie beverages

Inactivity. If you're not very active, you don't burn as many calories.

With a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories

every day than you use through exercise and

normal daily activities.

Symptoms

BMI Weight status

Below 18.5 Underweight

18.5-24.9 Normal

25.0-29.9 Overweight

30.0-34.9 Obese (Class I)

35.0-39.9 Obese (Class II)

40.0 and higher Extreme obesity (Class III)

Diabetes:Diabetes is a group of

disorders characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due

to the body's failure to produce any or enough insulin to regulate high

glucose levels.

There are two main types of diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes, which often occurs in children or adolescents, is caused by the body's inability to

make insulin.

type 2 diabetes, which occurs as a result of the body's inability to

react properly to insulin (insulin resistance).

The symptoms of diabetes type 2 can be so mild that cannot be noticed. In fact, about 8 million people who have it don't know it.

- Being very thirsty- Peeing a lot- Blurry vision- Being irritable- Tingling or numbness in your hands or feet- Feeling worn out- Wounds that don't heal- Yeast infection that keep coming back

People who are

overweight or have

obesity have added

pressure on their body's

ability to use insulin to

properly control blood

sugar levels, and are

therefore more likely to develop diabetes.

How does weight relate to diabetes?

There are many risk

factors for type 2

diabetes such as age,

race, pregnancy,

stress, certain

medications, genetics

or family history, high

cholesterol and

obesity.

However, the best

predictor of type 2

diabetes is overweight

or obesity. Almost 90%

of people living with

type 2 diabetes are

overweight or have

obesity.

Medical

nutrition

therapy

Goals of MNT that apply to individuals with diabetes

1) Achieve and maintain

● Blood glucose levels in the normal range or as close to normal as is safely possible

● A lipid and lipoprotein profile that reduces the risk for vascular disease

● Blood pressure levels in the normal range

2) To prevent, or at least slow, the rate of development of the chronic complications of diabetes by modifying nutrient intake and lifestyle

3) To address individual nutrition needs, taking into account personal and cultural preferences and willingness to change

4) To maintain the pleasure of eating by only limiting food choices when indicated by scientific evidence

ENERGY BALANCE, OVERWEIGHT, AND OBESITY Recommendations

● In overweight and obese insulin resistant individuals, modest weight loss has been shown to improve insulin resistance. Thus, weight loss is recommended for all such individuals who have or are at risk for diabetes. ● For weight loss, either low-carbohydrate or low-fat calorie-restricted diets may be effective in the short term (up to 1 year). ● For patients on low-carbohydrate diets, monitor lipid profiles, renal function, and protein intake (in those with nephropathy), and adjust hypoglycemic therapy as needed.

ENERGY BALANCE, OVERWEIGHT, AND OBESITY Recommendations CON

Physical activity and behavior modification are important components of weight loss programs and

are most helpful in maintenance of weight

loss.

Weight loss medications may be considered in the

treatment of overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and can help achieve

a 5–10% weight loss when combined with lifestyle

modification.

Dietary fat and cholesterol in diabetes management

Recommendations

● Limit saturated fat to 7% of total calories.

● Intake of trans fat should be minimized.

● In individuals with diabetes, limit dietary cholesterol to 200 mg/day.

● Two or more servings of fish per week (with the exception of commercially fried fish filets) provide n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are recommended.

Protein in diabetes management Recommendations

For individuals with diabetes and normal renal function, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that usual protein intake (15–20% of energy) should be modified.

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, ingested protein can increase insulin response without increasing plasma glucose concentrations. Therefore, protein should not be used to treat acute or prevent nighttime hypoglycemia.

High-protein diets are not recommended as a method for weight loss at this time.

prevent Obesity, Prevent Diabetes

To reduce the chances of developing diabetes, maintain a healthy weight and increase the physical activity , they can also try a diabetes vitamin, specially formulated for people with diabetes.

To aid in weight loss, a high fiber low carbohydrate diet and 20 to 30 minutes of moderate activity per day are recommended.