Objective: Learn the structure and functions of carbohydrates New words: iodine, indicator, starch,...

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Objective: Learn the structure and functions of carbohydratesNew words: iodine, indicator, starch, glucose, ribose, cellulose

DO NOW:A student, Edwin, has tested different kinds of food to know which food contains starch.

He found the following results:

•Starch is present in: corn, rice, apple, banana, potato and pear.

•Starch is absent in: chicken meat, ham, egg, cheese, and milk.

What conclusion would you make from the food testing?

Would pumpkin contain starch? How do you know?

• What do all these molecules have in common?• What kind of compounds are shown in the pictures?

Objective: Learn the structure and functions of carbohydratesNew words: carbohydrate, glucose, ribose, ratio, glycogen, starch, cellulose, monosaccharide, polysaccharide

Do Now: List 4 things all the molecules below have in common

•What is the # of atoms of the following elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?•What is the C:H:O ratio?•What do this molecules are made of?•How do you say that in Greek?•What is another word to say “Carbohydrate”?•What is about the shape?

Carbohydrates•Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1

•They dissolve in water and their color is white.

•Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. The breakdown of sugar, such as glucose, supplies immediate energy for all cell activities.

•Also, plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

•For example, cellulose gives the plant much of their strength and rigidity. Cellulose is the major component of both wood and paper, so you are actually looking at cellulose as you read these words!

1. Carbohydrates are (organic/ inorganic) __________ molecules compounds.

2.They are made of the following elements:

3. The ratio between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is the same as __________

4. They dissolve in _____________, usually their color is __________________

5. The jobs of carbohydrates are

Organic

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

water white

1. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy

2. It gives plants strength and rigidity

Complex sugarComplex sugar

• Living things store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates known as starches•Single sugar molecules are also called monosaccharides.

• Simple sugar include glucose, galactose, which is a component of milk, and fructose, which is found in many fruits.

galactose

fructose

•When the level of glucose in your blood runs low, glycogen is released from your liver. The glycogen stored in your muscles supplies the energy for muscle contraction and thus, for movement.

• Plants use a slightly different polysaccharide, called plant starch, to store excess sugar. Starch is present in potato, rice, and corn.

Starch

•The large macromolecules formed from simple sugar are known as complex sugar (polysaccharides).

• Many animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called glycogen, or animal starch.

DO NOW

List 4 things you already know about this molecule

1. Base on the handout with pictures of carbohydrates, arrange the pictures into simple sugar (monosaccharides) and complex sugar (polysaccharides).

Simple sugar (monosaccharides):

Complex sugar (polysaccharides):

Glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

Cellulose, glycogen, starch

2. We eat carbohydrates in food, like

3. Glucose is important because

4. Starch is present in

Its function is

5. Glycogen is present in

Its function is

6. Cellulose is present in

Its function is

fruit, potato, rice, corn, pasta, bread

It supplies energy for all cell activities

Plants (potato, rice, corn)

To store excess sugar in plants

Animal muscles and liver

To store excess sugar in animal and supply energy to muscles

Plants in wood, cell wall and paper

To provide strength and rigidity in plants

Function

2 kinds of carboohydrates

Three examples

Found in

In animals In plants

Found in Found in Found in

Function Function

Main source of energy

Structural purposesGiving strength and rigidity

Simples Sugar Complex Sugar

GlucoseRiboseFructose

Juice, bloodMilk, fruit

Glycogen

MuscleLiver

Store excess sugar in plants

Starch

Potato Rice

Stores excesssugar in animals

Cellulose

Paper, woodCell wall

Givesstrengthrigidity

Carbohydrates

DO NOWList 4 things you already know about this molecule

DO NOWLook at the molecule below, what do you know about it?

Is it an organic or inorganic molecule?•Explain how you know

Is it a carbohydrate?•Explain how you know

What kind of carbohydrate?•Explain how you know.

What is the name of the molecule?•Where do you find it?•What is the job?

CARBOHYDRATES

CHARACTERISTICS or TRAITS

TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS

GLUCOSE

•Picture•Where do you find it?•Function

STARCH

CELLULOSE

GLYCOGEN

ContentStudent’s Credits

Teacher’s Credits

o Poster includes at least 4 carbohydrates traits (20 credits)

o Poster describes 2 main functions of carbohydrates (10

credits)

o Poster includes the following drawings molecules: glucose,

starch, cellulose, glycogen (10 credits)

o Poster includes where carbohydrates can be found (20 credits)

o Poster includes one function for each of the main

carbohydrates: glucose, starch, glycogen, cellulose (20 credits)

Poster Presentation

o Poster is well organized and neat (10 credits)

Collaboration with peers

o All group members participated equally (10 credits)

1.Which elements are carbohydrates made of?

2.What are the two functions (jobs) of carbohydrates?

3.Give two examples of carbohydrates.

They are the main source of energyPlants and animals use carbohydrates for structural purposes

CarbonHydrogenOxygen

Glucose, starch, glycogen, cellulose

carbohydrates

Iodine

Do Now: •What kind of molecules are these?•What is the C:H:O ratio?•What does the word “carbohydrate” mean?

Objective: Learn the structure and functions of carbohydratesNew words: iodine, indicator, starch, glucose, ribose, cellulose,

Glucose

Cellulose

MonosaccharideSimple sugar

PolysaccharideComplex sugar

Glycogen

Starch

Strength

Rigidity

The quality of being strong

The quality of being inflexible, stiff, firm, or rigid

Objective: Learn the structure and functions of carbohydrates New words: iodine, indicator, starch,...

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