Objective: To examine the role of the navy and the battles of Bull Run and Antietam.

Click here for an analysis of the cartoon.

· 1st Union attack on the Confederacy in July of 1861.Battle of Bull Run - Animation

First Battle of Bull Run (2:08)

* It also showed that the war would be long and bloody.

· The Confederates, led by Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, won the battle.

* This battle showed each side that they needed training.

Coroner's Report: Stonewall Jackson (2:35)

July 21, 1861 - Ruins of the Stone Bridge over which Northern forces retreated until it was blown up by a Rebel shell adding to the panic of the retreat, with the Federals returning to Washington as "a rain-soaked mob."

Capture of Ricketts' Battery (First Battle of Bull Run)

· Therefore, the South created an ironclad ship called the Merrimack to attack the Union navy.

Naval Action· The Union blockade on Southern ports hurt the South.

• In response, the North created an ironclad ship called the Monitor.

* Ironclad ships changed naval warfare forever!

The U.S.S. Monitor was the first Union iron-clad ship. This picture shows the deck and the turret of the U.S.S. Monitor.

Crewmembers of the USS Monitor cooking on deck, in the James River, Virginia, 9 July 1862.

Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac--March 9, 1862, Hampton Roads, VA

The Hunley – The world’s first submarine, designed and used in the Civil War by the Confederacy.

Confederate Submarine H.L. Hunley. Cutaway drawings published in France, based on sketches by William A. Alexander, who directed the construction.

Illustration of the H.L. Hunley submarine with its bow-mounted spar torpedo.

H. L. Hunley, suspended from a crane during its recovery from Charleston Harbor, August 8, 2000.

Friends of the Hunley

Confederate Sub H.L Hunley Salvaged (2:01)

· The Confederate General Robert E. Lee decided to attack the Union in Maryland, on Union soil, in September of 1862.

Antietam

· Over 23,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed or wounded.

The Battle of Antietam (2:45)

Burial crew of Union soldiers after the Battle of Antietam, September 1862

Lincoln with McClellan and staff after the Battle of Antietam. Notable figures (from left) are 6. McClellan; 10. Lincoln; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the general's tent near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862.