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Objectives Explain how to implement green fleets Learn about incentives for utilizing idle

reduction technologies and strategies Learn about the availability and cost of

idle reduction technologies and strategies

Identify the advantages of idle reduction technologies and strategies

Understand the performance of vehicles with idle reduction technologies

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Why use green fleets? Reduce operating costs Reduce greenhouse gas

emissions Improve corporate image

Greening of Fleets

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How to Implement Green Fleets Get buy-in Create long-term objectives Avoid setting reduction goals in

absolute numbers Anticipate obstacles Move slowly Improve vehicle use Track and report progress

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Petroleum and emissions reduction strategy

Idle = speed at which ICEs rotate under no throttle or load

Tachometer displays engine speed

Smooth engine operation for vehicle acceleration from stop and adequate oil pressure

Idle Reduction in Fleets

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Transportation and convenience idling

Technologies, policies, practices to reduce engine idle time

Strategies and technologies to reduce both transportation and convenience idling

Figure 1: The engine tachometer showing a vehicle’s idle speed. Source: NAFTC.

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Idle Reduction Strategies Any reduction in idle time = fuel

savings Avoid traffic by planning trips Fleet guidelines to reduce idle

time Reductions = immediate savings

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Idle Reduction Technologies New technologies, improved fuel

economy and reduced emissions Light-, medium-, and heavy-duty

vehicle fuel savings Idle shutoff functions, mild hybrid

technologies APUs for long haul trucks TSE implementation

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Incentives Partnership initiatives and pooled

resources Financial subsidiaries Informational tools

Initial cost vs. federal and state incentives

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)

Clean Cities Program

Incentives for using Idle Reduction in Fleets

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Tax Incentives Federal and state incentives for

alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles

Implementation of idle reduction equipment

Funding and partnership opportunities for idle reduction technologies

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For a list of qualifying tax exempt idle reduction equipment, visit http://www.epa.gov/smartway/technology/excise-tax.htm.

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Federal Grant Funding Federal government = largest

grant provider U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) U.S. Department of Transportation

(DOT) Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) U.S. Department of Agriculture

(USDA)

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State Grant Funding State Energy Office (SEO) National Association of State

Energy Officials directory Alternative Fuels Data Center map

To find state-specific information, visitwww.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/state

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Idle Reduction Laws Generally limit the time a vehicle

is idling No idle zones Schools Individual rules for each city/area

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To search local idle restrictions, visit http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/idle_reduction_laws.html.

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Light-Duty Block Heaters

Utilize grid power to maintain engine temperature

Heavy-duty vehicles Reduce problems associated with

cold starts

Idle Reduction Availability and Cost

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Light- and Medium-Duty Mild Hybrids

Idle shutoff function Utilizes small battery pack and MG Small amounts of energy Onboard energy storage

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Light-Duty New Idle Shutoff Technologies

Reduced energy needed to restart engine

One way clutch technology Micro-hybrid systems

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Heavy-Duty HOS requirements Average truck idles for more than

1,900 hours annually Truck idling consumes more than

three billion gallons of diesel annually

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Heavy-Duty Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)

Electrified parking spots at truck stops

Enable drivers to meet rest requirements without idling

Figure 2: Long haul truck utilizing single system electrification. Source: IdleAir.

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To find an electrified truck stop in your region, the DOE hosts a site locator searchable by zip code. It can be found by visiting http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/tse.

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Heavy-Duty Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)

Single-system vs. dual-system Single-system offers HVAC,

electricity, internet, cable Unit is placed in passenger window Dual-system requires onboard

equipment Driver plugs truck into outlet to

poweronboard equipment

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Heavy-Duty Onboard Equipment

Powered by external electrical source or existing fuel system

More efficient than allowing the engine to idle

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Heavy-Duty Onboard Heating

Direct-fired = small furnaces Consume only a small amount of

fuel per hour Coolant heater = heat transfer

system Can be used to heat cabin and

warm engine in cold climates

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Heavy-Duty Onboard Cooling

Thermal storage, battery-electric air conditioners

Thermal storage: energy is stored during normal operation, used at a later time to cool cab

Battery-electric air conditioners: powered by onboard batteries that are charged at truck stops

Both produce zero local emissions

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Heavy-Duty Auxiliary Power Units

Small vehicle-mounted systems Electrical generator powered by an

internal combustion engine Powers accessories, HVAC Heat recapture from ICE Rechargeable battery packs

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Strategies Determine appropriate warm-up

time Know the equipment being

utilized in your vehicle Turn engine off

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Cost Tax benefits for hybrid vehicles Heavy-duty vehicle modification

incentives Fuel cost savings will help cover

any initial investment over time

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Reduced fuel consumption Fewer vehicle emissions Lower operating costs Increased engine life No-cost implementation of

strategies

Idle Reduction Advantages

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Things to Consider Possible capital investment Personal convenience may be

compromised

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Extended engine life Extended idling adds unnecessary

wear to engine components Fuel savings helps offset capital

costs Exemptions for added weight

from APUs, etc. “Green” branding of fleets

Idle Reduction Performance

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Performance Summary• Better fuel economy, an idling

vehicle not in motion achieves 0 mpg

• Reduced emissions• Similar performance to

conventional vehicles• May lead to extended engine life

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1. True or False: There are idle reduction strategies available for fleet managers that require little to no cost to implement.

2. An average long-haul truck spends over______ hours idling per year.

3. There are two types of idling. They are: ______________ and ______________.

4. True or False: States and cities are not allowed to implement laws limiting the idling time or location of idling vehicles.

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