Post on 09-Apr-2018
transcript
What is the difference
between a hurricane, a
cyclone, and a typhoon?
The only difference is the location where the
storm occurs – it is where sea surface
temperatures are over 27oC. They form between
10o and 30o north and south of the equator.
Map skills
1) Which general direction did Cyclone Pam move
from the 12th to the 14th of March?
2) How many kilometres did it travel from 20:00 on
the 13th of March to 19:00 on the 14th of March?
3) Describe the change in speed during this time.
Can you think why it changed?
A.C
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Vanuatu facts
and figures
1) Which other natural hazards are a particular
problem for Vanuatu?
2) What are the main sources of revenue (money
coming into the country)?
3) Explain how Cyclone Pam has created a long-
term economic problem for Vanuatu.
B.C
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Effects
1) Describe the effects of the cyclone – think
about deaths, injuries, homeless?
2) What is the specific problem highlighted in the
news article? Why is this a problem?
3) Explain why it is difficult to see the full extent of
the damage, so soon after the disaster.
C.C
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Responses
1) What is the charity ‘Shelterbox’ doing to help
Vanuatu?
2) Why is this type of aid so important for
developing countries?
3) How can charities working in partnerships
(together) in shelter and repair work, benefit a
country?
D.C
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-Roofs torn off
-Trees uprooted
-Electricity lines blown down
-Roads impassable
-Sewers flooded
-Storm surge
Effects
Making links…
Damage Effects
Physical and
environmental
Structural damage to buildings and
roads. Sensitive environments
destroyed, loss of habitats. Fishing
boats damaged.
Social
Trauma and stress. Catching water-
borne diseases. Food and water
shortages. Displaced communities.
Job losses.
Economic
Cost of repair and insurance claims.
Businesses close. Exports lost as
crops destroyed. Oil prices can
increase.
Hurricane Ivan, USA 2004 (developed country)
-Hurricane Ivan caused 21 deaths in the USA, including
14 deaths in Florida.
-An additional 32 deaths were reported as indirectly
caused by the storm.
-As it passed over the Gulf of Mexico, Ivan caused the
destruction of an energy platform near the coast, as well
as oil and gas wells drilled in water 479 feet deep.
-Hundreds of gallons of oil per day were still leaking into
the Gulf ten years later in 2014.
-Ivan caused an estimated US$14 billion (£8.7bn) in
damage to the United States, making it the third costliest
hurricane on record at the time.
“Most damage from
tropical storms is physical
and environmental”
-Do you agree with this statement?
-Why? Why not?
-Explain your answer.
How can a tropical
storm trigger an
economic boom?
……..in the years that followed,
retail sales increased by 25-35%.
What did people buy?
- The exam specification requires
you to study the effects of
tropical storms in both
developing and developed
countries
- You need to compare how the
effects vary among countries
with different levels of economic
development.
Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005. It tracked over
the Gulf of Mexico and devastated most of the
coastline from Louisiana to Alabama. It arrived as a
category 4 storm with winds of over 140 mph and a
storm surge of approximately 6 metres.
The city of New Orleans was very badly affected
because it is mostly below sea-level and is surrounded
by water.
The city was protected by defence walls called levees.
However, the levees were overwhelmed by the extra
water from the storm surge and rainfall, and many
collapsed allowing water to flood into the city.
About 80% of the city was flooded to depths of up to 6
metres.
The National Hurricane Centre predicted accurately
where Hurricane Katrina would make landfall and how
strong it would be. This gave people the opportunity to
prepare for the storm.
The mayor of New Orleans ordered people to
evacuate the city. About 80% of the city's residents did
so, but about 20% remained. The majority of these were
in the poorest areas of the city (people had little access
to transport so couldn't leave in many cases).
Over 10,000 people sought refuge in the
city's Superdome football stadium. Conditions here
deteriorated quickly - food and water soon ran out and
the toilet facilities were inadequate. The atmosphere in
the stadium was described as 'very tense and unsafe'.
More than 80% of the city was submerged with floodwater and
over 1200 people drowned. Approximately 1 million people were
made homeless and thousands of businesses were destroyed.
Thousands of jobs were lost and millions of dollars lost in tax
income. There was a lot of looting. Criminal gangs roamed the
streets, looting homes and businesses and committing other
crimes.
Major highways were disrupted and some major road bridges
were destroyed. Agricultural production was badly damaged by
the tornadoes and also by flooding. Cotton and sugar-cane crops
were flattened.
Hurricane Katrina didn't just impact people in the USA. Many
offshore oil facilities were damaged and supplies of oil were
reduced. This caused the price of oil to rise on the global markets
and the price of petrol in the UK rose as a result.
Estimates suggest that Hurricane Katrina has cost over $300 billion.
This makes it one of the costliest hurricanes ever to hit the USA.